Reproductive biology traits affecting productivity of sour cherry

The objective of this work was to evaluate variability in reproductive biology traits and the correlation between them in genotypes of 'Oblacinska' sour cherry (Prunus cerasus). High genetic diversity was found in the 41 evaluated genotypes, and significant differences were observed among them for all studied traits: flowering time, pollen germination, number of fruiting branches, production of flower and fruit, number of flowers per bud, fruit set, and limb yield efficiency. The number of fruiting branches significantly influenced the number of flower and fruit, fruit set, and yield efficiency. In addition to number of fruiting branches, yield efficiency was positively correlated with fruit set and production of flower and fruit. Results from principal component analysis suggested a reduction of the reproductive biology factors affecting yield to four main characters: number and structure of fruiting branches, flowering time, and pollen germination. Knowledge of the reproductive biology of the 'Oblacinska' genotypes can be used to select the appropriate ones to be grown or used as parents in breeding programs. In this sense, genotypes II/2, III/9, III/13, and III/14 have very good flower production and satisfactory pollen germination

Influence of apple cultivar and witner chilling on correlative (dominance) pehnomena with branches.

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Growth and fruiting characteristics of eight apple genotypes assessed as unpruned trees on 'm.9' rootstock and as own-rooted trees in southern france

The influence of root system and genotype on vegetative and reproductive growth was characterized on untrained apple (Malus domestica) genotypes that were own-rooted or grafted onto M.9 rootstock. The eight genotypes assessed were selected at INRA for resistance to scab (Venturia inaequalis) and low susceptibility to mildew (Podosphera leucotricha), good fruit quality and aptitude to storage, and depending on genotype, other traits such as regular bearing and one fruit per inflorescence. The two main objectives were to determine the influence of (1) the scion genotype, and (2) the root system genotype on tree growth and yield. Trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), branch cross-sectional area (BCSA) and position of branches with a basal diameter of more than one centimeter were measured at the end of the third year of growth in the orchard. Yield and fruit size data were collected during the first four years of tree growth. Different genotypes had different TCSA and total BCSA but all had a smaller TCSA and total BCSA when grown on M.9 compared with own-rooted trees. The relationship between TCSA and total BCSA was also different depending on genotype but remained unaffected by root system. The relative location of BCSA, or basitony of the trunk, was influenced by the type of root system. Own-rooted trees were more basitonic than trees on M.9. Yield, precocity and fruit size differences were attributed to both genotype and root system. In all genotypes, yield efficiency (kg of fruit/cm2 TCSA) was higher with M.9. This may not be the defining characteristic since some genotypes expressed similar or even higher yields and fruit size in the 3rd and/or 4th year when own-rooted. Precocious own-rooted trees, which in our study belong to type IV architectural class (acrotonic), may be more interesting in the long-term because, although they have later entrance into production, they may have higher cumulative yields as early as the 4th year, and a better distribution of fruit within the canopy.Conference Pape

Environment and position of first bud to break on apple shoots affects lateral outgrowth

A study was conducted to determine which bud (terminal or lateral) breaks first, and thereby exerts primigenic dominance, on 'Granny Smith' and 'Golden Delicious', 1-year-old apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) shoots grown in two locations in the Western Cape, South Africa, with differing degrees of chilling. Primigenic dominance of laterals was more common in a warm area than a cool area, and more common in 'Granny Smith' than 'Golden Delicious'. Laterals rarely broke before the terminal in 'Golden Delicious', and so differences in lateral development due to position of first bud to break were only analyzed in 'Granny Smith' shoots from this point on in the study. In 'Granny Smith', lateral budbreak and growth was influenced by the position of the first bud to break on the shoot, but did not differ between locations. On 'Granny Smith' shoots with primigenic dominance of the terminal, lateral budbreak and growth was suppressed, in accordance with the typical 'delayed foliation' commonly observed in warm winter climates. However, when at least one lateral broke before the terminal, lateral budbreak and growth were similar to previous observations in cold winter areas. © 2011 Springer-Verlag

Environment and position of first bud to break on apple shoots affects lateral outgrowth

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Relationship between vegetative branching variables and branching habit in a Telamon X Braeburn (Malus domestica Borkh.) mapped population.

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Influence of rootstock on branching and flowering habit of 2-year-old Bing sweet cherry branches in two warm climates in South Africa

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Influence of rootstock on branching and flowering habit of 2-year-old 'Bing' sweet cherry branches in two warm climates in South Africa

Four-year-old 'Bing' sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees grafted on 'Gisela® 5' (Gi 5) and 'Mahaleb' (Mah) rootstocks in commercial orchards in the Kwazulu-Natal and the Eastern Free State regions of South Africa were used to characterize the influence of rootstock and location on flowering and vegetative growth. Lateral shoots, spurs, flowers and fruit set on 2-year-old branches differed between both rootstock and location. 'Bing' on Gi 5 developed significantly more flower buds and reproductive spurs than on Mah at both sites. More flowers developed proximally on year-old shoots of trees on Gi 5. Only trees on Gi 5 set a crop. Trees on both Gi 5 and Mah in the Eastern Free State, compared to Kwazulu-Natal, had more and longer lateral shoots on the 2-year-old branch section as well as a higher fruit set, thus indicating an effect of low-chilling location on branch architecture and fruiting independent of rootstock.Conference Pape