Demographic aspects of the development of human capital in Russia and its regions

In the present paper, the contemporary demographic situation that has developed in Russia – which can be described in terms of a demographic crisis – is analysed. One of its most salient characteristics consists in the negative qualitative changes that are occurring in the population, many of them due to the consequences of modern information technology. The negative qualitative changes in the population, which essentially began during the second half of the 1980s and have increased in present-day Russia, prevent the development of human capital in the country. This being the case, the authors give their own interpretation of the concept of “human capital”. The purpose of the work is to justify the primacy of the demographic factor in the formation and development of human capital. Migration in the form of a brain drain also has a negative impact on the development of human capital in Russia and its regions. Confirmation of the above-mentioned thesis is provided in a human development index, calculated for the country as a whole and for its regions. In the work, the methods of demographic analysis, the demographic indicators and indexes, which can be used to analyse the qualitative characteristics of the population, are used. The authors arrive at the conclusion that it is impossible at the present stage to develop human capital without first solving the demographic problems. This is especially true for some regions of Russia. A greater awareness of this will contribute to a more efficient management of demographic processes, which will, in turn, guarantee the positive development of human capital, strengthening and developing the Russian economy and society as a whole

Demographic Aspects of the Development of Human Capital in Russia and its Regions

In the present paper, the contemporary demographic situation that has developed in Russia – which can be described in terms of a demographic crisis – is analysed. One of its most salient characteristics consists in the negative qualitative changes that are occurring in the population, many of them due to the consequences of modern information technology. The negative qualitative changes in the population, which essentially began during the second half of the 1980s and have increased in present-day Russia, prevent the development of human capital in the country. This being the case, the authors give their own interpretation of the concept of “human capital”. The purpose of the work is to justify the primacy of the demographic factor in the formation and development of human capital. Migration in the form of a brain drain also has a negative impact on the development of human capital in Russia and its regions. Confirmation of the above-mentioned thesis is provided in a human development index, calculated for the country as a whole and for its regions. In the work, the methods of demographic analysis, the demographic indicators and indexes, which can be used to analyse the qualitative characteristics of the population, are used. The authors arrive at the conclusion that it is impossible at the present stage to develop human capital without first solving the demographic problems. This is especially true for some regions of Russia.A greater awareness of this will contribute to a more efficient management of demographic processes, which will, in turn, guarantee the positive development of human capital, strengthening and developing the Russian economy and society as a whole

Cognitive modeling of informatization influence on socio-economic indicators of the region

The article discusses topical issues of the influence of informatization on the development of the country’s regions in the conditions of the modern unstable world. The nature of the development of a region can be reflected and understood on the basis of qualitative and quantitative information about its socio-economic indicators, about their relationship and trends in their changes under the influence of internal and external factors. At the same time, information can most often be incomplete, difficult to access, untimely, contradictory, etc. Therefore, in this paper, it is proposed to use a cognitive approach and cognitive modeling of complex systems to overcome the problems of information deficiency by imitating cognitive modeling of the structure and behavior of a complex regional system. The simulation was carried out using the author’s CMCS (Cognitive Modeling Complex System) software system. The results of multi-stage cognitive modeling, consisting in the development of cognitive maps “Influence of ICT on the state of the region” and “Digitalization of the republic” (according to the socio-economic state of the Republic of Dagestan), analysis of structural properties and modeling scenarios for the development of situations on the model are presented. Scenarios make it possible to foresee the ways of possible development of the system under the influence of various factors, including the factor of informatization

Association of angiotensinogen and angiotensin II receptor type I polymorphisms with biomarkers of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in Dagestan residents with type 2 diabetes and hypertension

Aim. To study the associations of angiotensinogen (AGT) (s4762(С521Т), rs699(Т704C)) and angiotensin II receptor type I (AGTR1) (rs5186(A1166C)) genetic polymorphisms with serum levels of insulin, glucagon, C-peptide, leptin, as well as with dyslipidemia and glycemic levels in Dagestan residents with combination of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension (HTN), as well as with isolated T2D/HTN.Material and methods. We examined 16 patients with isolated T2D, 59 patients with T2D+HTN and 51 patients with isolated HTN from Dagestan. Genetic polymorphisms of the AGT and AGTR1 genes were studied. The levels of insulin, glucagon, C-peptide, and leptin were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while lipid and carbohydrate metabolism — by biochemical methods.Results. In patients with T2D, the association of CC genotype of AGT gene rs4762(С521Т) polymorphism with a leptin decrease was determined, while its CT genotype was associated with an increase in serum level of triglycerides. The TC genotype of AGT gene rs699(Т704C) polymorphism was associated with an increase in leptin, triglyceride and glucose levels. The AA genotype of AGTR1 gene rs5186(A1166C) polymorphism was associated with an increase in insulin and glucose levels, as well as a decrease in leptin level. In patients with a combination of T2D and HTN, CC and CT genotypes of AGT gene rs4762(С521Т) polymorphism was associated with a decrease in glucagon level. The TT genotype of AGT gene rs699(Т704C) polymorphism was associated with an increase in insulin, triglyceride, glucose and body mass index (BMI) levels. In isolated HTN, the CC and CT genotypes of AGT gene rs4762(С521Т) polymorphism were associated ith a decrease in glucagon level. The TT genotype of AGT gene rs699(Т704C) polymorphism was associated with increased levels of insulin, low density lipoproteins, and BMI.Conclusion. Associations of AGT (s4762(С521Т), rs699(Т704C)) and AGTR1 (rs5186(A1166C)) genetic polymorphisms with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism changes are an important pathogenetic link of T2D and HTN, which allows developing an individual prognosis of these diseases in Dagestan residents

Продуктивность интродуцированных сортов столового винограда в условиях приморской зоны Дагестана

Relevance and methods. The purpose of the research is an agrobiological assessment of introduced grape varieties of early ripening in the conditions of the Central seaside zone of Dagestan. The tasks of the study are to establish the timing of maturation of the studied varieties in the conditions of the Central seaside zone of Dagestan; to study agrobiological indicators of the studied varieties and to give an economic assessment; On the basis of the data obtained, to establish the degree of adaptability and prospects of the studied classes under these conditions. The objects of research were new introduced table grape varieties of early and early maturation period Augustine, Arcadia, Talisman, Attica, Kishmish luchisty. Results. The studies found that the introduced varieties of Arcadia, Attica, Talisman, Kishmish luchisty in the main agrobiological indicators surpass the Augustine variety widespread in this zone. According to the weight of the bunch, the varieties are distributed as follows: Kishmish luchisty – 724.5 g, Talisman – 676 g, Attica – 655.8 g, Arkadia – 514 g and Augustine (control) – 486 g. All varieties included in the experiment were more productive than control. The highest crop was provided by the variety Talisman – 28 t/ha. In second place is the Attica – 24.4 t/ha variety. Kishmish luchisty, despite the large mass of the bunch, provided a harvest of 22.6 t/ha. Arkadya variety in yield has close values to control – 18.2 t/ha. According to the adaptive index, the varieties were distributed as follows: Arcadia, Attica, Augustine and Talisman, with an adaptive coefficient of 0.71-0.85, are promising, and Kishmish luchisty with an adaptive coefficient of 0.69 is quite promising.Актуальность и методика. Цель исследований – агробиологическая оценка интродуцированных сортов винограда раннего срока созревания в условиях Центральной приморской зоны Дагестана. Задачи исследования – установить сроки созревания изучаемых сортов в условиях Центральной приморской зоны Дагестана; изучить агробиологические показатели сортов и дать хозяйственную оценку; на основании полученных данных установить степень адаптивности и перспективности изучаемых сортов в данных условиях. Объектами исследований являлись новые интродуцированные столовые сорта винограда раннего и сверхраннего срока созревания Августин, Аркадия, Талисман, Аттика, Кишмиш лучистый. Результаты. Проведенными исследованиями установлено, что интродуцированные сорта Аркадия, Аттика, Талисман, Кишмиш лучистый по основным агробиологическим показателям превосходят широко распространенный в данной зоне сорт Августин. По массе грозди сорта распределены следующим образом: Кишмиш лучистый – 724,5 г, Талисман – 676 г, Аттика – 655,8 г, Аркадия – 514 г и Августин (контроль) – 486 г. Все сорта, включенные в опыт, были более урожайными, чем контроль. Самая высокая расчетная урожайность получена у сорта Талисман – 28 т/га. На втором месте сорт Аттика – 24,4 т/га. Кишмиш лучистый, несмотря на большую массу грозди, обеспечил урожайность на уровне 22,6 т/га. Сорт Аркадия по урожайности имеет близкие значения к контролю – 18,2 т/га. По показателю адаптивности сорта распределились следующим образом: Аркадия, Аттика, Августин и Талисман с коэффициентом адаптивности, равным 0,71-0,85, относятся к перспективным, а Кишмиш лучистый с коэффициентом адаптивности 0,69 достаточно перспективным

Accounting of motivators and demotivators under introduction of the brc system

Рассматривается необходимость учета демотиваторов при работе с балльно-рейтинговой системой оцениванияThe article considers the need to take into account demotivators when working with the BRS syste

Real World Effectiveness of fixed combination of glargine 100 U/ml and lixisenatide therapy in outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study SOLO

Background: The effectiveness and safety of a fixed combination of insulin glargine 100 ME/ml and lixisenatide for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials, but there are still not enough data of it`s usage of it real clinical practice.Aim: To describe the baseline characteristics of patients with T2DM who started treatment with a fixed ratio combination of insulin glargine 100 ME/ml and lixisenatide in the period from November 2018 to July 2020, and to evaluate the effectiveness of using fixed combination of insulin glargine 100 ME/ml and lixisenatide in for 6–12 months of therapy in a real outpatient practice.Materials and methods: SOLO was a retrospective cohort multicentre study conducted in Russia, Moscow. Adults (≥18 years) with T2DM and HbA1c≥7% in case of availability of medical records during ≥180 days before and ≥1 HbA1c level during 150–210 days after start of treatment with Soliqua SoloStar® were eligible.Results: A total of 383 people with T2DM were included. Baseline characteristics were the following (mean±SD): age 59.9±8.3 years; BMI 36.4±6.3 kg/m2; proportion of patients with BMI≥35 kg/m2 — 52.2%; HbA1c 9.14±1.08%. 65% of patients received oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) before start of treatment with fixed combination of insulin glargine 100 ME/ml and lixisenatide ; 31.3% of patients were switched from combination of OAD with basal insulin, 1.04% of patients received other therapy (GLP-1 RA, basal-bolus insulin treatment, basal insulin monotherapy), and 2.61% of patients did not receive any hypoglycemic therapy. HbA1c level was 7.78±0.8% after 6 months of treatment and 7.4±0.61% after 12 months. There was a significant decrease of body weight from the baseline value 101.62±20.64 kg by 1.96±4.03 kg at month 6 and by 3.13±4.71 kg at month 12 (p<0.001) Overall, 4 patients (1.04%) reported symptomatic hypoglycemia (glycemia ≤3.9 mmol/L); no episodes of severe hypoglycemia were registered.Conclusion: In a real-life setting in Russia, initiation of a fixed combination of insulin glargine 100 ME/ ml and lixisenatide in people with T2DM uncontrolled on OADs or combination of OADs with basal insulin resulted resulted in an improved glycemic control and body weight change with low risk of hypoglycemia compared to baselin

Check of knowleadge using score-rating system and independent test control

Анализируется проблема дублирования балльно-рейтинговой системы оценивания и независимого тестового контроля в системе подготовки специалистов. Предложены мероприятия по устранению недостатковIn article it is told about duplication of score-rating system and independent test controlin training system of specialists. Actions for elimination of shortcomingsare offere

ОСОБЕННОСТИ РОСТА И РАЗВИТИЯ МОРКОВИ ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ СРОКАХ ПОСЕВА В УСЛОВИЯХ РАВНИННОГО ДАГЕСТАНА

Vegetable production in Dagestan is the one of the smallscale, where elementary techniques are used, therefore the vegetable commodity output does not reach a third from total volume produced. With appearance of new irrigation technologies the perspective occurred to raise the productivity of vegetable growing. The use of the drop irrigation improved the vegetable production and yield as well as carrot production. The influence of sowing terms and plant density on features in vegetation phases, photosynthesis activity and water consumption in drip irrigation was studied in carrot ‘Chantenay 2461’ grown on the meadowchestnut soils medium loamy soils of plain areas in Dagestan. Spring sowing time and summer sowing time with plant density of 0.6; 0.8 and 1.0 million plants per hectare have been studied in accordance with the two-factor experiment. In the course of experiment, it has been shown that not the plant density but sowing terms have essentially influenced upon interphase vegetation period in carrot. It has been also revealed that sowing terms have influenced upon photosynthetic activity, increasing the leaf area by 15.1%, while photosynthesis activety and dry matter content have increased by 7.5% and 4.2% respectively. The maximal parameters of photosynthetic activity were obtained when sowing in the second ten-day period of March with density of 0.8 million plants per hectare, and a yield of 42.2 t/ha. To produce such yield, there is a requirement of irrigation rate should be 2600-2700 m3/ha, on average with 18 watering at rates between 87-165 m3 /ha. Calculations of energy and economic efficiency have shown that when sown in the 2nd decade of March density of 0.8 million plants per hectare gave maximum energy efficiency 6.14, whereas the level of profitability of production expenses was equal to 73.5%.Овощеводство Республики Дагестан в основном мелкотоварное, базирующееся на применении примитивных технологий, отсюда и товарность выращиваемых овощей не превышает трети от производимого объема. С появлением новых технологий в орошении открываются хорошие перспективы повышения продуктивности овощеводства. Применение капельного орошения позволит поднять технологичность отрасли на новый уровень и повысить урожайность овощных культур, в том числе и столовой моркови. На лугово-каштановых среднесуглинистых почвах равниной зоны Дагестана изучено влияние сроков и густоты посевов столовой моркови сорта Шантенэ 2461 на особенности прохождения фаз вегетации, показатели фотосинтетической деятельности, водопотребление и режим орошения при капельном орошении. В соответствии с этим был заложен двухфакторный полевой опыт, в котором изучали весенние и летние сроки посева и густоту стояния 0,6; 0,8 и 1,0 млн шт./га. Результатами исследований установлено, что на продолжительность межфазных периодов наибольшее влияние оказывают сроки, а не густота посевов моркови. Выявлено, что сроки посева оказывают существенное влияние на фотосинтетическую деятельность посевов, увеличивая площадь листьев на 15,1%, фотосинтетический потенциал – на 7,5% и массу сухого вещества – на 4,2%. Максимальные показатели фотосинтетической деятельности получены при посеве во 2 декаде марта и густоте 0,8 млн шт./га, обеспечивая урожайность 42,2 т/га. Для формирования такого урожая в среднем требуется оросительная норма на уровне 2600…2700 м3/га при 18 поливах нормами 87 и 165 м3/га. Расчеты энергетической и экономической эффективности показали, что при посеве во 2 декаде марта густотой 0,8 млн шт./га обеспечивается максимальный коэффициент энергетической эффективности – 6,14 и уровень рентабельности производственных затрат 73,5%.