CubeSat Active Thermal Management in Support of Cooled Electro-Optical Instrumentation for Advanced Atmospheric Observing Missions

The need for advanced cooled electro-optical instrumentation in remote observations of the atmosphere is well known and demonstrated by SABER on the TIMED mission. The relatively new use of small satellites in remote earth observing missions as, well as the challenges, are epitomized by the upcoming NOAA EON-IR 12U CubeSat missions. These advanced CubeSat missions, which hope to accomplish scientific objectives on the same scale as larger more traditional satellites, require advanced miniaturized cryocoolers and active methods for thermal management and power control. The active CryoCubeSat project (ACCS) is a demonstration of such a technology. Utilizing Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing (UAM) techniques, a Mechanical Pumped Fluid Loop (MPFL), and miniature pumps and cryocoolers to create a closed loop fluid-based heat interchange system. The ACCS project creates a two-stage thermal control system targeting 6U CubeSat platforms. The first stage is composed of a miniature Ricor K508N cryocooler while the second is formed by a UAM fabricated heat exchanger MPFL system powered by a micro TCS M510 pump. The working fluid is exchanged between a built-in chassis heat exchanger and a deployable tracking radiator. This work details the theory design and testing of a relevant ground-based prototype and the analysis and modeling of the results as well as the development of a design tool to help in customized active thermal control designs for small satellites. Ultimately, the ACCS project hopes to enable a new generation of advanced CubeSat atmospheric observing missions

Dominant processes causing the formation of coastal sand masses, case study: western Makran coastal plain

The instability and mobility of sand dunes is a major concern for those involved in the planning processes and management of arid coastal plains. Dune systems are created due to several factors and elements. Regarding environmental planning and the management of coastal zones, the study of their formation and development processes is of great importance. The present study aims at identifying the most influential factors in the dispersion of sand masses in the western region of the Makran Plain. The data for this study consisted of spatial maps of landform distributions, wind velocities and directions, fetch lengths as well as dynamic waves. Thematic topographical and geological maps, satellite images, GPS, and software such as WRPLOT View, Freehand, and Arc GIS were used for data processing and analysis. After the generation of the Geomorphologic units map through the Molitor Equation in WRPLOT View, wind and wave rose diagrams were provided. Also, the elongation and direction of sand mass movements in the plain were obtained through multi-temporal and multisensory data. The main rivers’ monthly discharges were analyzed according to information gathered from previous studies as well as their relevant hydrometric water stations. Results indicated that the location and distribution of coastal sand masses are not affected by wind, but by the geomorphologic characteristics of foreshore and coastal hydrodynamics. Also, the distribution of internal sand masses on the coastal plain is affected mostly by the plain stretches relative to the prevailing wind direction and to the extent of old beds and floodplains that are exposed to the prevailing wind rather than the wind itself

Tajik Depression and Greater Pamir Neotectonics From InSAR Rate Maps

Using E-W and vertical deformation-rate maps derived from radar interferometric time-series, we analyze the deformation field of an entire orogenic segment, that is, the Tajik depression and its adjoining mountain belts, Tian Shan, Pamir, and Hindu Kush. The data-base consists of 900+ radar scenes acquired over 2.0–4.5 years and global navigation satellite system measurements. The recent, supra-regional kinematics is visualized in an unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution. We confirm the westward collapse of the Pamir-Plateau crust, inverting the Tajik basin into a fold-thrust belt (FTB) with shortening rates decaying westward from ∼15 to 2 mm/yr. Vertical rates in the Hindu Kush likely record slab-dynamic effects, that is, the progressive break-off of the Hindu Kush slab. At least 10 mm/yr of each, uplift and westward motion occur along the western edge of the Pamir Plateau, outlining the crustal-scale ramp along which the Pamir Plateau overrides the Tajik depression. The latter shows a combination of basin-scale tectonics, halokinesis, and seasonal/weather-driven near-surface effects. Abrupt ∼6 mm/yr horizontal-rate changes occur across the kinematically linked dextral Ilyak strike-slip fault, bounding the Tajik FTB to the north, and the Babatag backthrust, the major thrust of the FTB, located far west in the belt. The sharp rate decay across the Ilyak fault indicates a locking depth of ≤1 km. The Hoja Mumin salt fountain is spreading laterally at ≤350 mm/yr. On the first-order, the modern 20–5 and fossil (since ∼12 Ma) 12–8 mm/yr shortening rates across the FTB correspond

The effects of thermomechanical history on the microstructure of a nickel-base superalloy during forging

The effect of thermo-mechanical history on hot compression behaviour and resulting microstructures of a nickel base superalloy is presented. Hot compression tests were carried out on HAYNES® 282® specimens to varying strains from 0.1 to 0.8. Both single pass and multi-pass tests were completed. 60 minute inter-pass times were utilized to accurately replicate industrial forging practices. The effect of dynamic, metadynamic and static recrystallization during inter-pass times on flow stress was investigated. The study showed the presence of yield peaks in the flow stress data which have been identified in previous studies and thought to be due to solute atoms pinning dislocations, but in this work are shown to be due to friction. The resulting microstructures were analysed using scanning electron, optical microscopy and EBSD to relate grain size and homogeneity with flow stress data. The study showed a negligible difference between multi-pass and single pass tests for strain increments above 0.2. Therefore, when modelling similar low strain and strain rate forging processes inHAYNES® 282®, previous forging steps can be ignored

Some properties of differentiable p-adic functions

In this paper, using the tools from the lineability theory, we distinguish certain subsets of p-adic differentiable functions. Specifically, we show that the following sets of functions are large enough to contain an infinite dimensional algebraic structure: (i) continuously differentiable but not strictly differentiable functions, (ii) strictly differentiable functions of order r but not strictly differentiable of order r + 1, (iii) strictly differentiable functions with zero derivative that are not Lipschitzian of any order α > 1, (iv) differentiable functions with unbounded derivative, and (v) continuous functions that are differentiable on a full set with respect to the Haar measure but not differentiable on its complement having cardinality the continuum.Depto. de Análisis Matemático y Matemática AplicadaFac. de Ciencias MatemáticasFALSEMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)/FEDERINSFunpu

Microarray blob-defect removal improves array analysis

ABSTRACT Motivation: New generation Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays often have blob-like image defects that will require investigators to either repeat their hybridization assays or analyze their data with the defects left in place. We investigated the effect of analyzing a spikein experiment on Affymetrix ENCODE tiling arrays in the presence of simulated blobs covering between 1 and 9% of the array area. Using two different ChIP-chip tiling array analysis programs (Affymetrix Tiling Array Software TAS and Model-based Analysis of Tiling arrays MAT), we found that even the smallest blob defects significantly decreased the sensitivity and increased the false discovery rate (FDR) of the spike-in target prediction. Results: We introduced a new software tool, the Microarray Blob Remover (MBR), which allows rapid visualization, detection, and removal of various blob defects from the .CEL files of different types of Affymetrix microarrays. It is shown that using MBR significantly improves the sensitivity and FDR of a tiling array analysis compared to leaving the affected probes in the analysis. Availability: The MBR software and the sample array .CEL files used in this paper are available at

Comparing the Efficacy of Tolterodine and Gabapentin Versus Placebo in Catheter Related Bladder Discomfort after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of tolterodine and gabapentin vs placebo in catheter related bladder discomfort (CRBD) following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Materials and Methods: This study was a double-blind parallel group randomized clinical trial. Patients who were candidates of PCNL were enrolled. Patients were randomized to treatment groups of tolterodine 2 mg orally (PO) (group T, n = 50), gabapentin 600 mg PO (group G, n = 50), and placebo (group P, n = 70) 1 hour before operation using balanced block randomization. The primary endpoint of interest was visual analog pain scale in 1, 3, 12, and 24 hours after the operation. Secondary endpoints included rescue analgesic use (opioid and nonopioid). Results: The frequency of severe CRBD in 1,12, and 24 hours after the operation was 4, 4, and 6 in group T vs 4, 0, and 2 in group G vs 47, 14, and 6 in the P group (p < 0.001). The number of paracetamol injections for CRBD in the T and G groups was significantly lower than the placebo group (1.8 ± 0.8 vs 1.8 ± 0.7 vs 3.6 ± 0.7, p < 0.001). Likewise the number of pethidine injections in the T and G groups was significantly lower than the placebo group (0.42 ± 0.54 vs 0.68 ± 0.62 vs 2.4 ± 0.64, p < 0.001). In patients with history of Double-J insertion, the severity of CRBD was lower in all treatment groups. Conclusions: Preoperative administration of oral tolterodine or gabapentin reduces postoperative CRBD and the need for rescue analgesics as much as 24 hours after surgery. Patients with history of Double-J insertion experience less CRBD. © Copyright 2018, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc

Comparing the Efficacy of Tolterodine and Gabapentin Versus Placebo in Catheter Related Bladder Discomfort after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of tolterodine and gabapentin vs placebo in catheter related bladder discomfort (CRBD) following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Materials and Methods: This study was a double-blind parallel group randomized clinical trial. Patients who were candidates of PCNL were enrolled. Patients were randomized to treatment groups of tolterodine 2 mg orally (PO) (group T, n = 50), gabapentin 600 mg PO (group G, n = 50), and placebo (group P, n = 70) 1 hour before operation using balanced block randomization. The primary endpoint of interest was visual analog pain scale in 1, 3, 12, and 24 hours after the operation. Secondary endpoints included rescue analgesic use (opioid and nonopioid). Results: The frequency of severe CRBD in 1,12, and 24 hours after the operation was 4, 4, and 6 in group T vs 4, 0, and 2 in group G vs 47, 14, and 6 in the P group (p < 0.001). The number of paracetamol injections for CRBD in the T and G groups was significantly lower than the placebo group (1.8 ± 0.8 vs 1.8 ± 0.7 vs 3.6 ± 0.7, p < 0.001). Likewise the number of pethidine injections in the T and G groups was significantly lower than the placebo group (0.42 ± 0.54 vs 0.68 ± 0.62 vs 2.4 ± 0.64, p < 0.001). In patients with history of Double-J insertion, the severity of CRBD was lower in all treatment groups. Conclusions: Preoperative administration of oral tolterodine or gabapentin reduces postoperative CRBD and the need for rescue analgesics as much as 24 hours after surgery. Patients with history of Double-J insertion experience less CRBD. © Copyright 2018, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc