Modulation of attention and stress with arousal: The mental and physical effects of riding a motorcycle

Existing theories suggest that moderate arousal improves selective attention, as would be expected in the context of competitive sports or sensation-seeking activities. Here we investigated how riding a motorcycle, an attention-demanding physical activity, affects sensory processing. To do so, we implemented the passive auditory oddball paradigm and measured the EEG response of participants as they rode a motorcycle, drove a car, and sat at rest. Specifically, we measured the N1 and mismatch negativity to auditory tones, as well as alpha power during periods of no tones. We investigated whether riding and driving modulated non-CNS metrics including heart rate and concentrations of the hormones epinephrine, cortisol, DHEA-S, and testosterone. While participants were riding, we found a decrease in N1 amplitude, increase in mismatch negativity, and decrease in relative alpha power, together suggesting enhancement of sensory processing and visual attention. Riding increased epinephrine levels, increased heart rate, and decreased the ratio of cortisol to DHEA-S. Together, these results suggest that riding increases focus, heightens the brain’s passive monitoring of changes in the sensory environment, and alters HPA axis response. More generally, our findings suggest that selective attention and sensory monitoring seem to be separable neural processes

Corrigendum to "Transverse extension of partons in the proton probed in the sea-quark range by measuring the DVCS cross section" [Phys. Lett. B 793 (2019) 188]

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Modulation of attention and stress with arousal: The mental and physical effects of riding a motorcycle.

Existing theories suggest that moderate arousal improves selective attention, as would be expected in the context of competitive sports or sensation-seeking activities. Here we investigated how riding a motorcycle, an attention-demanding physical activity, affects sensory processing. To do so, we implemented the passive auditory oddball paradigm and measured the EEG response of participants as they rode a motorcycle, drove a car, and sat at rest. Specifically, we measured the N1 and mismatch negativity to auditory tones, as well as alpha power during periods of no tones. We investigated whether riding and driving modulated non-CNS metrics including heart rate and concentrations of the hormones epinephrine, cortisol, DHEA-S, and testosterone. While participants were riding, we found a decrease in N1 amplitude, increase in mismatch negativity, and decrease in relative alpha power, together suggesting enhancement of sensory processing and visual attention. Riding increased epinephrine levels, increased heart rate, and decreased the ratio of cortisol to DHEA-S. Together, these results suggest that riding increases focus, heightens the brain's passive monitoring of changes in the sensory environment, and alters HPA axis response. More generally, our findings suggest that selective attention and sensory monitoring seem to be separable neural processes

Measurement of the cross section for hard exclusive π0 muoproduction on the proton

202We report on a measurement of hard exclusive π0 muoproduction on the proton by COMPASS using 160 GeV/c polarised μ+ and μ− beams of the CERN SPS impinging on a liquid hydrogen target. From the average of the measured μ+ and μ− cross sections, the virtual-photon proton cross section is determined as a function of the squared four-momentum transfer between initial and final proton in the range 0.08(GeV/c)2<|t|<0.64(GeV/c)2. The average kinematics of the measurement are 〈Q2〉=2.0(GeV/c)2, 〈ν〉=12.8GeV, 〈xBj〉=0.093 and 〈−t〉=0.256(GeV/c)2. Fitting the azimuthal dependence reveals a combined contribution by transversely and longitudinally polarised photons of (8.2±0.9stat−1.2+1.2|sys)nb/(GeV/c)2, as well as transverse-transverse and longitudinal-transverse interference contributions of (−6.1±1.3stat−0.7+0.7|sys)nb/(GeV/c)2 and (1.5±0.5stat−0.2+0.3|sys)nb/(GeV/c)2, respectively. Our results provide important input for modelling Generalised Parton Distributions. In the context of the phenomenological Goloskokov-Kroll model, the statistically significant transverse-transverse interference contribution constitutes clear experimental evidence for the chiral-odd GPD E‾T.openopenAlexeev M.G.; Alexeev G.D.; Amoroso A.; Andrieux V.; Anfimov N.V.; Anosov V.; Antoshkin A.; Augsten K.; Augustyniak W.; Azevedo C.D.R.; Badelek B.; Balestra F.; Ball M.; Barth J.; Beck R.; Bedfer Y.; Bernhard J.; Bodlak M.; Bordalo P.; Bradamante F.; Bressan A.; Buchele M.; Burtsev V.E.; Chang W.-C.; Chatterjee C.; Chiosso M.; Chumakov A.G.; Chung S.-U.; Cicuttin A.; Crespo M.L.; Dalla Torre S.; Dasgupta S.S.; Dasgupta S.; Denisov O.Y.; Dhara L.; Donskov S.V.; Doshita N.; Dreisbach C.; Dunnweber W.; Dusaev R.R.; Efremov A.; Eversheim P.D.; Faessler M.; Ferrero A.; Finger M.; Fischer H.; Franco C.; du Fresne von Hohenesche N.; Friedrich J.M.; Frolov V.; Fuchey E.; Gautheron F.; Gavrichtchouk O.P.; Gerassimov S.; Giarra J.; Gnesi I.; Gorzellik M.; Grasso A.; Gridin A.; Grosse Perdekamp M.; Grube B.; Guskov A.; Hahne D.; Hamar G.; von Harrach D.; Heitz R.; Herrmann F.; Horikawa N.; d'Hose N.; Hsieh C.-Y.; Huber S.; Ishimoto S.; Ivanov A.; Iwata T.; Jandek M.; Jary V.; Joosten R.; Jorg P.; Juraskova K.; Kabuss E.; Kaspar F.; Kerbizi A.; Ketzer B.; Khaustov G.V.; Khokhlov Y.A.; Kisselev Y.; Klein F.; Koivuniemi J.H.; Kolosov V.N.; Kondo Horikawa K.; Konorov I.; Konstantinov V.F.; Kotzinian A.M.; Kouznetsov O.M.; Kral Z.; Kramer M.; Krinner F.; Kroumchtein Z.V.; Kulinich Y.; Kunne F.; Kurek K.; Kurjata R.P.; Kveton A.; Levorato S.; Lian Y.-S.; Lichtenstadt J.; Lin P.-J.; Longo R.; Lyubovitskij V.E.; Maggiora A.; Magnon A.; Makins N.; Makke N.; Mallot G.K.; Mamon S.A.; Marianski B.; Martin A.; Marzec J.; Matousek J.; Matsuda T.; Meshcheryakov G.V.; Meyer M.; Meyer W.; Mikhailov Y.V.; Mikhasenko M.; Mitrofanov E.; Mitrofanov N.; Miyachi Y.; Moretti A.; Naim C.; Nagaytsev A.; Neyret D.; Novy J.; Nowak W.-D.; Nukazuka G.; Nunes A.S.; Olshevsky A.G.; Ostrick M.; Panzieri D.; Parsamyan B.; Paul S.; Peng J.-C.; Pereira F.; Pesek M.; Peshekhonov D.V.; Peskova M.; Pierre N.; Platchkov S.; Pochodzalla J.; Polyakov V.A.; Pretz J.; Quaresma M.; Quintans C.; Ramos S.; Regali C.; Reicherz G.; Riedl C.; Ryabchikov D.I.; Rybnikov A.; Rychter A.; Samoylenko V.D.; Sandacz A.; Sarkar S.; Savin I.A.; Sbrizzai G.; Schmieden H.; Selyunin A.; Silva L.; Sinha L.; Slunecka M.; Smolik J.; Srnka A.; Steffen D.; Stolarski M.; Subrt O.; Sulc M.; Suzuki H.; Szabelski A.; Szameitat T.; Sznajder P.; Tessaro S.; Tessarotto F.; Thiel A.; Tomsa J.; Tosello F.; Tskhay V.; Uhl S.; Vasilishin B.I.; Vauth A.; Veit B.M.; Veloso J.; Vidon A.; Virius M.; Wagner M.; Wallner S.; Wilfert M.; Zaremba K.; Zavada P.; Zavertyaev M.; Zemlyanichkina E.; Zhao Y.; Ziembicki M.Alexeev, M. G.; Alexeev, G. D.; Amoroso, A.; Andrieux, V.; Anfimov, N. V.; Anosov, V.; Antoshkin, A.; Augsten, K.; Augustyniak, W.; Azevedo, C. D. R.; Badelek, B.; Balestra, F.; Ball, M.; Barth, J.; Beck, R.; Bedfer, Y.; Bernhard, J.; Bodlak, M.; Bordalo, P.; Bradamante, F.; Bressan, A.; Buchele, M.; Burtsev, V. E.; Chang, W. -C.; Chatterjee, C.; Chiosso, M.; Chumakov, A. G.; Chung, S. -U.; Cicuttin, A.; Crespo, M. L.; Dalla Torre, S.; Dasgupta, S. S.; Dasgupta, S.; Denisov, O. Y.; Dhara, L.; Donskov, S. V.; Doshita, N.; Dreisbach, C.; Dunnweber, W.; Dusaev, R. R.; Efremov, A.; Eversheim, P. D.; Faessler, M.; Ferrero, A.; Finger, M.; Fischer, H.; Franco, C.; du Fresne von Hohenesche, N.; Friedrich, J. M.; Frolov, V.; Fuchey, E.; Gautheron, F.; Gavrichtchouk, O. P.; Gerassimov, S.; Giarra, J.; Gnesi, I.; Gorzellik, M.; Grasso, A.; Gridin, A.; Grosse Perdekamp, M.; Grube, B.; Guskov, A.; Hahne, D.; Hamar, G.; von Harrach, D.; Heitz, R.; Herrmann, F.; Horikawa, N.; D'Hose, N.; Hsieh, C. -Y.; Huber, S.; Ishimoto, S.; Ivanov, A.; Iwata, T.; Jandek, M.; Jary, V.; Joosten, R.; Jorg, P.; Juraskova, K.; Kabuss, E.; Kaspar, F.; Kerbizi, A.; Ketzer, B.; Khaustov, G. V.; Khokhlov, Y. A.; Kisselev, Y.; Klein, F.; Koivuniemi, J. H.; Kolosov, V. N.; Kondo Horikawa, K.; Konorov, I.; Konstantinov, V. F.; Kotzinian, A. M.; Kouznetsov, O. M.; Kral, Z.; Kramer, M.; Krinner, F.; Kroumchtein, Z. V.; Kulinich, Y.; Kunne, F.; Kurek, K.; Kurjata, R. P.; Kveton, A.; Levorato, S.; Lian, Y. -S.; Lichtenstadt, J.; Lin, P. -J.; Longo, R.; Lyubovitskij, V. E.; Maggiora, A.; Magnon, A.; Makins, N.; Makke, N.; Mallot, G. K.; Mamon, S. A.; Marianski, B.; Martin, A.; Marzec, J.; Matousek, J.; Matsuda, T.; Meshcheryakov, G. V.; Meyer, M.; Meyer, W.; Mikhailov, Y. V.; Mikhasenko, M.; Mitrofanov, E.; Mitrofanov, N.; Miyachi, Y.; Moretti, A.; Naim, C.; Nagaytsev, A.; Neyret, D.; Novy, J.; Nowak, W. -D.; Nukazuka, G.; Nunes, A. S.; Olshevsky, A. G.; Ostrick, M.; Panzieri, D.; Parsamyan, B.; Paul, S.; Peng, J. -C.; Pereira, F.; Pesek, M.; Peshekhonov, D. V.; Peskova, M.; Pierre, N.; Platchkov, S.; Pochodzalla, J.; Polyakov, V. A.; Pretz, J.; Quaresma, M.; Quintans, C.; Ramos, S.; Regali, C.; Reicherz, G.; Riedl, C.; Ryabchikov, D. I.; Rybnikov, A.; Rychter, A.; Samoylenko, V. D.; Sandacz, A.; Sarkar, S.; Savin, I. A.; Sbrizzai, G.; Schmieden, H.; Selyunin, A.; Silva, L.; Sinha, L.; Slunecka, M.; Smolik, J.; Srnka, A.; Steffen, D.; Stolarski, M.; Subrt, O.; Sulc, M.; Suzuki, H.; Szabelski, A.; Szameitat, T.; Sznajder, P.; Tessaro, S.; Tessarotto, F.; Thiel, A.; Tomsa, J.; Tosello, F.; Tskhay, V.; Uhl, S.; Vasilishin, B. I.; Vauth, A.; Veit, B. M.; Veloso, J.; Vidon, A.; Virius, M.; Wagner, M.; Wallner, S.; Wilfert, M.; Zaremba, K.; Zavada, P.; Zavertyaev, M.; Zemlyanichkina, E.; Zhao, Y.; Ziembicki, M

Spin density matrix elements in exclusive omegaomega meson muoproduction

We report on a measurement of Spin Density Matrix Elements (SDMEs) in hard exclusive omega meson muoproduction on the proton at COMPASS using 160 GeV/c polarised mu(+) and mu(-) beams impinging on a liquid hydrogen target. The measurement covers the range 5.0 GeV/c(2) = 2.1 (GeV/c)(2), =7.6 GeV/c(2), and =0.16 (GeV/c)(2). Here, Q(2) denotes the virtuality of the exchanged photon, W the mass of the final hadronic system and p(T) the transverse momentum of the omega meson with respect to the virtual-photon direction. The measured non-zero SDMEs for the transitions of transversely polarised virtual photons to longitudinally polarised vector mesons (gamma(*)(T) -> V-L) indicate a violation of s-channel helicity conservation. Additionally, we observe a sizeable contribution of unnatural-parity-exchange (UPE) transitions that decreases with increasing W. The results provide important input for modelling Generalised Parton Distributions (GPDs). In particular, they may allow to evaluate in a model-dependent way the contribution of UPE transitions and assess the role of parton helicity-flip GPDs in exclusive omega production