A Deliciously Interesting Collection of Words

Undergraduate Winner: 2nd Place, 2010. 23rd Annual Carl Neureuther Student Book Collection Competition

Examen des écrits sur la primauté du droit

Version anglaise disponible dans la Bibliothèque numérique du CRDI: Literature review on the rule of la

Literature review on the rule of law

French version available in IDRC Digital Library: Examen des écrits sur la primauté du droitThe purpose of this paper is to provide IDRC with an introduction to some existing definitions, theories, evidence and researchable questions that are suggested by contemporary literature on the rule of law. It includes contexts of the rule of law in development, in economic growth, and in equality and social change. It suggests that rule of law may be inherent to functioning democracies. New issues and questions arise from the literature, for example: while there is much work on rule of law promotion and reform, little research exists that points to what the right institutional make-up of a functioning rule of law actually consists of

Banner News

https://openspace.dmacc.edu/banner_news/1241/thumbnail.jp

Banner News

https://openspace.dmacc.edu/banner_news/1257/thumbnail.jp

Common colorectal cancer risk alleles contribute to the multiple colorectal adenoma phenotype, but do not influence colonic polyposis in FAP

The presence of multiple (5-100) colorectal adenomas suggests an inherited predisposition, but the genetic aetiology of this phenotype is undetermined if patients test negative for Mendelian polyposis syndromes such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP). We investigated whether 18 common colorectal cancer (CRC) predisposition single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could help to explain some cases with multiple adenomas who phenocopied FAP or MAP, but had no pathogenic APC or MUTYH variant. No multiple adenoma case had an outlying number of CRC SNP risk alleles, but multiple adenoma patients did have a significantly higher number of risk alleles than population controls (P=5.7 × 10(-7)). The association was stronger in those with ≥10 adenomas. The CRC SNPs accounted for 4.3% of the variation in multiple adenoma risk, with three SNPs (rs6983267, rs10795668, rs3802842) explaining 3.0% of the variation. In FAP patients, the CRC risk score did not differ significantly from the controls, as we expected given the overwhelming effect of pathogenic germline APC variants on the phenotype of these cases. More unexpectedly, we found no evidence that the CRC SNPs act as modifier genes for the number of colorectal adenomas in FAP patients. In conclusion, common colorectal tumour risk alleles contribute to the development of multiple adenomas in patients without pathogenic germline APC or MUTYH variants. This phenotype may have 'polygenic' or monogenic origins. The risk of CRC in relatives of multiple adenoma cases is probably much lower for cases with polygenic disease, and this should be taken into account when counselling such patients

Canta Nación con Nación: una Aproximación Comparativa entre el Son Jarocho y el Joropo Llanero

Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Estudos Latino-Americanos da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, como requisito parcialà obtenção do título de Mestra em Estudos Latino-Americanos.El son jarocho de México y el Joropo llanero de Venezuela son dos expresiones musicales que muestran rasgos en común, como resultado de un proceso histórico que los hermana. Ambos tienen su raíz principal en el fandango, celebración músico-bailable que cruzó el océano atlántico de ida y vuelta, formando variadas manifestaciones musicales y danzarías durante la época colonial, tanto en América como en la Península Ibérica. En ese proceso se va conformando también el complejo genérico ternario del Caribe, el cual se subdivide y se expande en las diversas expresiones regionales que aún hoy se conocen. En el Gran Caribe ha habido siempre intercambios musicales, por lo que el flujo de estéticas ha sido permanente y la hermandad dentro del fenómeno fandanguero se viene manifestando en los aspectos musicales como el ritmo, la armonía, lo tímbrico, entre otros. Para destacar las afinidades y diferencias que unen o separan los rasgos identificables se han seleccionado dos ejemplos: el Buscapies (son jarocho) y el Seis Numerao (joropo llanero). Ambos comparten el mismo patrón acordal y son ejemplo de consanguinidad rítmica con acentuaciones específicas. En este sentido, se presentará un análisis musical comparativo de las formas mencionadas, partiendo de la metodología de Simha Ahrom Buscando aproximaciones que se perfilen en los aspectos musicales principalmente

Comprehensive genetic assessment of the ESR1 locus identifies a risk region for endometrial cancer

Excessive exposure to estrogen is a well-established risk factor for endometrial cancer (EC), particularly for cancers of endometrioid histology. The physiological function of estrogen is primarily mediated by estrogen receptor alpha, encoded by ESR1. Consequently, several studies have investigated whether variation at the ESR1 locus is associated with risk of EC, with conflicting results. We performed comprehensive fine-mapping analyses of 3633 genotyped and imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 6607 EC cases and 37 925 controls. There was evidence of an EC risk signal located at a potential alternative promoter of the ESR1 gene (lead SNP rs79575945, P=1.86x10(-5)), which was stronger for cancers of endometrioid subtype (P=3.76x10(-6)). Bioinformatic analysis suggests that this risk signal is in a functionally important region targeting ESR1, and eQTL analysis found that rs79575945 was associated with expression of SYNE1, a neighbouring gene. In summary, we have identified a single EC risk signal located at ESR1, at study-wide significance. Given SNPs located at this locus have been associated with risk for breast cancer, also a hormonally driven cancer, this study adds weight to the rationale for performing informed candidate fine-scale genetic studies across cancer types