Archivi digitali e valutazione della produzione scientifica

Negli ultimi anni lo sviluppo del World Wide Web ha sostenuto la diffusione di archivi digitali, accessibili via Internet, per materiale bibliografico di vario tipo ma in particolare per i prodotti della ricerca scientifica. Nell\u2019ambito della produzione scientifica la pubblicazione online garantisce un\u2019immediata riduzione dei costi e dei tempi di pubblicazione, nonch\ue9 dei tempi di accesso e interrogazione degli archivi. Inoltre gli archivi bibliografici online, facilitando l\u2019accesso alle risorse, producono un impatto positivo sul numero di citazioni che una pubblicazione pu\uf2 ottenere; come \ue8 stato dimostrato anche empiricamente da alcuni studi [10]. Tuttavia, a ben vedere, questi elementi non esauriscono affatto le innovazioni ai processi di fruizione dei prodotti della ricerca scientifica che l\u2019adozione di archivi digitali pu\uf2 determinare. Una revisione delle applicazioni del diritto d\u2019autore \ue8 ad esempio auspicata dal movimento Open Access [11]. Secondo questo punto di vista l\u2019accesso alle pubblicazioni scientifiche va sempre incentivato in quanto ne beneficiano sia l\u2019autore che la societ\ue0 in generale. Di conseguenza, \ue8 sbagliato usare il diritto d\u2019autore come strumento per limitare l\u2019accesso ed andrebbe invece utilizzato per garantire l\u2019accessibilit\ue0 delle opere. Per realizzare al meglio le potenzialit\ue0 degli archivi digitali andrebbe quindi ripensato l\u2019intero processo editoriale, derivando profitti non dalla vendita delle opere quanto dall\u2019offerta di spazio agli autori. Ma un altro valore molto significativo che pu\uf2 essere tratto dall\u2019adozione di archivi digitali \ue8 relativo al processo di valutazione dell\u2019impatto della produzione scientifica. Ne sottolinea peraltro l\u2019importanza anche un recente documento della divisione di ricerca della comunit\ue0 europea intitolato \u201cAssessing Europe\u2019s University based Research\u201d [9]. La valutazione della ricerca \ue8 un processo che coinvolge un insieme articolato di attori, quali i centri di ricerca, le universit\ue0, i governi, le imprese. Gli strumenti di valutazione possono essere di varia natura e riguardare aspetti diversi delle attivit\ue0 di ricerca. Tipicamente un giudizio di valutazione \ue8 composto da indicatori che insistono su aspetti differenti. Tuttavia, soprattutto nel settore pubblico, assume particolare rilevanza la valutazione dell\u2019impatto delle pubblicazioni scientifiche prodotte. I temi aperti in questo ambito sono molti. Le iniziative si moltiplicano. L\u2019obiettivo \ue8 quello di proporre processi e strumenti in grado di garantire la pi\uf9 elevata correttezza dei dati raccolti e di certificare le informazioni in modo che possano essere utilizzate per procedure di valutazione affidabili. In questo articolo saranno discusse alcune innovazioni che potrebbero essere introdotte negli archivi digitali per migliorare la correttezza dei dati e garantire un processo di certificazione della loro effettivit\ue0. Dall\u2019analisi emergono alcune linee guida per la realizzazione di un prototipo innovativo che il progetto EPICA, interamente finanziato con i fondi 5 per mille dell\u2019Universit\ue0 degli Studi di Milano, sta implementando, con l\u2019obiettivo di illustrare un tipo di infrastruttura in grado di adattarsi ai processi di interazione attualmente in uso

Design principles for competence-based recommender systems

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Extended Initiality for Typed Abstract Syntax

Initial Semantics aims at interpreting the syntax associated to a signature as the initial object of some category of 'models', yielding induction and recursion principles for abstract syntax. Zsid\'o proves an initiality result for simply-typed syntax: given a signature S, the abstract syntax associated to S constitutes the initial object in a category of models of S in monads. However, the iteration principle her theorem provides only accounts for translations between two languages over a fixed set of object types. We generalize Zsid\'o's notion of model such that object types may vary, yielding a larger category, while preserving initiality of the syntax therein. Thus we obtain an extended initiality theorem for typed abstract syntax, in which translations between terms over different types can be specified via the associated category-theoretic iteration operator as an initial morphism. Our definitions ensure that translations specified via initiality are type-safe, i.e. compatible with the typing in the source and target language in the obvious sense. Our main example is given via the propositions-as-types paradigm: we specify propositions and inference rules of classical and intuitionistic propositional logics through their respective typed signatures. Afterwards we use the category--theoretic iteration operator to specify a double negation translation from the former to the latter. A second example is given by the signature of PCF. For this particular case, we formalize the theorem in the proof assistant Coq. Afterwards we specify, via the category-theoretic iteration operator, translations from PCF to the untyped lambda calculus

Overview of the SMART-BEAR Technical Infrastructure

This paper describes a cloud-based platform that offers evidence-based, personalised interventions powered by Artificial Intelligence to help support efficient remote monitoring and clinician-driven guidance to people over 65 who suffer or are at risk of hearing loss, cardiovascular diseases, cognitive impairments, balance disorders, and mental health issues. This platform has been developed within the SMART-BEAR integrated project to power its large-scale clinical pilots and comprises a standards-based data harmonisation and management layer, a security component, a Big Data Analytics system, a Clinical Decision Support tool, and a dashboard component for efficient data collection across the pilot sites

Security certification-aware service discovery and selection

We present a security-enhanced solution to the discovery and selection of services. This solution integrates a test-based certification scheme proving the security properties of services. In particular, we describe two algorithms enabling clients to select the service that best addresses their security requirements. We also present a prototype implementation of our approach and an experimental evaluation of its performances

Towards a collaborative innovation catalyst

This position paper is aimed at highlighting the potential connection between Pervasive Systems and Collaborative Innovation. In particular, we discuss the architectural structure of an Innovation Catalyst supporting a collaboration methodology based on the Open Innovation paradigm. Our system is conceived for stimulating the collaborative dynamics of a team, exploiting all the information produced in the collaborative environment, including situational context, communication in team interactions, and personal behaviours. The results of our work can contribute to a more general understanding of the elements that catalyse collaborative innovation

Big Data Platform for Public Health Policies

Public Health Policy making process is usually supported by traditional methods to assist the evaluation, like pseudo-evaluation methods and formal evaluation methods, to name but a few. In this paper, we propose the adoption of a Big Data platform supporting the definition and evaluation of a Public Health Policy allowing evidence-based analysis and reducing the need of costly clinical trials. The paper presents a formalized Public Health Policy in deontic logic form, the methodology of the policy making process, and the structure of the Big Data platform implementing the methodology. Concluding, we carried out a preliminary evaluation on a real case study demonstrating the benefits of our approach

Exploiting participatory design in open innovation factories

In this paper we describe a methodology and a set of tools that support the exploitation of ideas, suggestions and proposals coming from different sources, internal and external to the organization (e.g. customers and employees). Items extracted from incoming message flows are used as a basis of a participatory design process. In this context, we discuss the design principles of an environment we call Open Innovation Factory, supporting collaborative design of new products and services

Boosting the innovation process in collaborative environments

In this paper we propose a new architecture and methodology to define a collaborative environment aimed at supporting the innovation process. In the first part of this paper we analyse the data collected during an experiment for testing a collaborative environment and, in the second part, we propose an architecture to support and stimulate innovation processes. Our solution is based on three components, namely a (i) collaborative platform, (ii) a tool able to extract knowledge from shared documents, external data sources, and collaborative activities, and (iii) a recommender system. More specifically, we focus on how knowledge items are extracted from incoming knowledge flows to be proposed to a team, whose members are capable of proposing values for design issues and/or evaluating these choices from her own specific perspective. Furthermore, the aim of the proposed framework is not limited to the selection of relevant knowledge but, more broadly, on aligning the team on a restricted set of information items, producing a convergence of objectives that accelerates the kinetics of the collaborative work