The Stigmatization of Trauma: A Reflection on Mahesh Dattani's Select Works

Trauma is a response to an experience that devastates a person mentally. It frequently causes shock, denial, and changes in the body, mind, and behavior. People witness difficult circumstances and long-lasting repercussions on their psychological and physical well-being due to trauma. The chosen plays Tara and 30 Days in September are examined using trauma theory. The traumatic stigma of victimized characters and their offenders are explored and brought to light in the present study. The paper maps out the common aspects of trauma in Mahesh Dattani's plays and creates a portal for scholarly reflections on the author's ideology of trauma. It attempts to explore the reason behind the abnormal behavior of the characters and argues that childhood plays a major role in shaping the behavioral attributes of the adults. The researcher has made thematic analysis on the select plays through attentive reading. The study aims to develop an in-depth understanding on the effects of post-traumatic stress disorder on the characters taken for study and the possible ways to liberate from traumatic disorder. It strives to cease the stigmatization of trauma and emphasizes the fact that proper counseling, care and support will help the trauma affected characters to recover from the disorder

Teachers' trialing procedures for Computer Assisted Language Testing Implementation

Problem Statement: Computer assisted language testing is becoming more frequent in many parts of Europe and the world. Likewise, in many countries like Spain, Greece, or Turkey (among many more), there is a move towards integrating information technologies and computers in high stakes testing. However, due to the limited information on this topic, it is necessary to provide active and training teachers with pieces of simple, accessible research that can help them understand the complex processes involved in designing language testing platforms or the relationship between computers and tests. Purpose of the Study: The main goal of this paper was to examine different approaches to computer based language testing design and also show one example done in Spain which may also be valid for different contexts and countries like many university entrance examinations in Europe or the ÖSYM in Turkey.Ministerio de Educación y Cienci

A Path Integral Approach to Age Dependent Branching Processes

Age dependent population dynamics are frequently modeled with generalizations of the classic McKendrick-von Foerster equation. These are deterministic systems, and a stochastic generalization was recently reported in [1,2]. Here we develop a fully stochastic theory for age-structured populations via quantum field theoretical Doi-Peliti techniques. This results in a path integral formulation where birth and death events correspond to cubic and quadratic interaction terms. This formalism allows us to efficiently recapitulate the results in [1,2], exemplifying the utility of Doi-Peliti methods. Furthermore, we find that the path integral formulation for age-structured moments has an exact perturbative expansion that explicitly relates to the hereditary structure between correlated individuals. These methods are then generalized with a binary fission model of cell division

Human Papillomavirus-16 E7 Interacts with Glutathione S-Transferase P1 and Enhances Its Role in Cell Survival

Background:Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-16 is a paradigm for "high-risk" HPVs, the causative agents of virtually all cervical carcinomas. HPV E6 and E7 viral genes are usually expressed in these tumors, suggesting key roles for their gene products, the E6 and E7 oncoproteins, in inducing malignant transformation.Methodology/Principal Findings:By protein-protein interaction analysis, using mass spectrometry, we identified glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1) as a novel cellular partner of the HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein. Following mapping of the region in the HPV-16 E7 sequence that is involved in the interaction, we generated a three-dimensional molecular model of the complex between HPV-16 E7 and GSTP1, and used this to engineer a mutant molecule of HPV-16 E7 with strongly reduced affinity for GSTP1.When expressed in HaCaT human keratinocytes, HPV-16 E7 modified the equilibrium between the oxidized and reduced forms of GSTP1, thereby inhibiting JNK phosphorylation and its ability to induce apoptosis. Using GSTP1-deficient MCF-7 cancer cells and siRNA interference targeting GSTP1 in HaCaT keratinocytes expressing either wild-type or mutant HPV-16 E7, we uncovered a pivotal role for GSTP1 in the pro-survival program elicited by its binding with HPV-16 E7.Conclusions/Significance:This study provides further evidence of the transforming abilities of this oncoprotein, setting the groundwork for devising unique molecular tools that can both interfere with the interaction between HPV-16 E7 and GSTP1 and minimize the survival of HPV-16 E7-expressing cancer cells. © 2009 Mileo et al

ISSN exercise & sport nutrition review: research & recommendations

Sports nutrition is a constantly evolving field with hundreds of research papers published annually. For this reason, keeping up to date with the literature is often difficult. This paper is a five year update of the sports nutrition review article published as the lead paper to launch the JISSN in 2004 and presents a well-referenced overview of the current state of the science related to how to optimize training and athletic performance through nutrition. More specifically, this paper provides an overview of: 1.) The definitional category of ergogenic aids and dietary supplements; 2.) How dietary supplements are legally regulated; 3.) How to evaluate the scientific merit of nutritional supplements; 4.) General nutritional strategies to optimize performance and enhance recovery; and, 5.) An overview of our current understanding of the ergogenic value of nutrition and dietary supplementation in regards to weight gain, weight loss, and performance enhancement. Our hope is that ISSN members and individuals interested in sports nutrition find this review useful in their daily practice and consultation with their clients