Development of Expert System for Four Bar Mechanism

In this study, an expert system was developed for a quadricycle four bar mechanism with control of transmission angle. Different types of available synthesis methods are studied and the suitable synthesis procedure is selected for developing the expert system

A Five Level Modified Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter STATCOM for Power Quality Improvement

Multilevel converters have received serious attention on account of their capability of high voltage operation, high efficiency, and low electromagnetic interference. It has many advantages compared to conventional two-level inverters such as high dc-link voltages, reduced harmonic distortion, fewer voltage stresses, and low electromagnetic interferences. The multilevel converters have been used for STATCOM widely as it can improve the power rating of the compensator to make it suitable for medium or high-voltage high power applications. While deploying multilevel STATCOMs, designer’s role is to reduce the number of switching devices since, the total switching losses are proportional to the number of switching devices. The reduction in the count of switching devices also reduces the size and cost. In this paper, a five-level modified cascaded H-bridge inverter STATCOM is proposed for mitigation of harmonics. Modified Five-level CHB configuration is the most suitable as with lesser number of switches, give better performance resulting in a compact system. The PQ theory-based controller is developed for control of STATCOM operation. MATLAB simulation results are presented to demonstrate mitigation of harmonics

Kinetic Modelling of Enzyme Catalyzed Biotransformation Involving Activations and Inhibitions

To achieve transition from lab scale enzyme studies to industrial applications, understanding of enzyme kinetics plays a critical role. The widely applied Michaelis Menten equation of the single substrate kinetics, sequential and double replacement mechanism of bisubstrate reaction and the relevant kinetics, inhibition and activation of enzyme are all integral parts of this discussion. In this chapter, we have discussed different types of inhibition and kinetic modelling. Systematic approach to generate data and its interpretation as well as designing of inhibitors is also explained

Effect of Methoprene on larval and cocoon weight, ovariole length, egg number and fecundity of Bombyx mori L

Μελετήθηκε η επίδραση του Methoprene στο βάρος προνύμφης και κουκουλιού, μήκος ωοσωλήνα,αριθμό αυγών και γονιμότητα του Bombyx mori L. (Polyvoltine Pure Mysore Breed).Από τις διάφορες δόσεις που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν, η επανειλημμένη εφαρμογή 2.75 μg/ml Methopreneστις 36 ώρες 3ου, 4ου και 5ου σταδίου προνύμφης είχε σαν αποτέλεσμα στατιστικά σημαντικήαύξηση του: βάρους προνύμφης και κουκουλιού, μήκους ωοσωλήνα, αριθμού ωοκυττάρωνωοσωλήνα και γονιμότητας σε σύγκριση με το μάρτυρα.The effect of Methoprene on larval and cocoon weight, ovariole length, egg number and fecundity of BombYx mori (Polyvoltine Pure Mysore breed) was stu­died. Methoprene at 2.75,4.0 and 8.0 pg!ml dilutions was topically applied/sprayed on silkworm larvae repeatedly at 36h in 3rd, 4th and 5th stadium, at 48h in 4th and 5th stadium and singly at 72h in 5th stadium. Of the various dosages used, the repeated applications of 2.75 pg/ml at 36h in 3rd, 4th and 5th stadium of silkworm larvae resulted in significant increase in larval weight, cocoon weight, ovariole length, ovariole egg number and fecundity when compared to untreated controls

Prosthodontic rehabilitation with Preci-Clix Overdenture system – A Case Report

Tooth loss has a negative impact on masticatory function, aesthetics, and self-image.  Fixed partial dentures, removable partial dentures, complete dentures, and implant-supported dentures can replace missing teeth, but it is not known whether they differ in their ability to reconstruct the masticatory force and preservation of residual bone ridge.  An overdenture is a complete or removable partial denture that has one or more abutment tooth or implants to provide a support.   Moreover the shortened crown also changes the crown to root ratio thus the reduced mobility of the tooth facilitate ridge preservation, improves the bone support.   Overdentures maintain proprioception of teeth and improve stability and retention.  Overdenture is preventive prosthodontics concept involving the multidisciplinary approach involving periodontic, endodontic & prosthodontics intervention. Prefabricated attachments are versatile and  provide considerable retention and stability.This case report of patient with few teeth remaining has been treated with overdenture supported with preci-clix overdenture attachments

Kinematic Synthesis and Analysis of Four Bar Mechanism Using Expert System

A considerable amount of research has been carried out on the synthesis of mechanisms with linkages. Such mechanisms can be used in many ways and in general, synthesis is carried out with reference to input positions and output positions. In this study, the expert system analyzes the four bar double rocker mechanism for given set of inputs which includes the distance of the ground pivots depending upon the space constraint for the mounting of the mechanism, the angles of swing of the input link and the angle of swing required by the output link. The results of the kinematic synthesis and analysis module of the expert system have been compared using a standard problem

Current status of graft choice in adults for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a frequently performed surgical procedure in the field of sports medicine, and graft selection is an essential aspect of ACL reconstruction (ACLR) that has been shown to optimize post-operative rehabilitation, facilitate return to full sporting function and reduce the risk of complications. However, there needs to be more agreement regarding optimal graft choice. The present study aims to identify the optimal graft choice in the adult population undergoing ACLR. The current systematic review explores the electronic database of online libraries of academic institutions from 2011 to 30 September 2022 and compared the clinical outcomes of autograft and allograft for ACLR, which provides an evidence-based approach for graft selection. The findings of our present study delineate that ACLR in adult populations with autograft is the most promising choice for ligament tear over allograft based on lower failure rate, reduced complications, and high cost-effectiveness. However, there was no significant difference in overall IKDC, pivot shift, Lachman test, and Tegner activity. This critical analysis recommends that for an adult population, ACLR with autograft can provide better clinical results than an allograft, but further studies carried out about other parameters affecting the long-term stability, quick return, and physical therapy adopted outside the supervision of the respective surgeon would be required

Allograft sterilization and processing: impact on biomechanical strength

The allograft used for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) must posses good biomechanical properties and it should have similar properties to the original tendon. During reconstruction the allograft must undergo proper sterilization and several sterilization methods have been used in the clinical practice. There are varations in the sterilization process and it has significant impact on the allograft tissue performance during ACL reconstruction. It is advisable to refrain from utilising grafts that have been exposed to radiation doses exceeding 15 kGy, as well as grafts that have undergone more than eight freeze-thaw cycles. Gamma radiation has disadvantages when compared to electron beam radiation in term of loss of mechanical strength

Assessment of Physicochemical parameters and Water Quality Index of Vishwamitri River, Gujarat, India

Development and industrialisation exert pressure on the riverine system deteriorating the serenity of the rivers. The present study was carried out in Small River flowing through Vadodara city viz., Vishwamitri River. The study revealed better water quality before its entry into the urban area. Despite of presence of STPs, there is poor water quality affecting the aquatic life and ecology. The paper throws light on pollution aspect and need to develop decentralised treatment system to tackle the river pollution problem

Effect of SSP – 11 on Weight and Tissue Composition of 4th Instar Larvae of Silkworm, Bombyx mori

Η αντιορμόνη νεότητας ουσία SSP-11 ((E) 4 χλωρο-α. α-τριφΟοριο-Ν [1(1Η-ιμιδαζολ-1-ύλ)-2-προπόξυ εθυλαδεν] Ο, τολονθίνη) χρησιμοποιήθηκε να προκαλέσει έκδυση προνυμφών τρίτης έκουσης από αυτες τετάρτης έκδυσης μεταξοσκώληκα, Bombyx mori (φυλή ΝΒ7). Η ουσία δόθηκε με τεχνητή τροφή για δυο ημέρες σε συγκέντρωση 200 ppm σε νεοεκδυθείσες προνύμφες 4ης ηλικίας. Το βάρος του σοόματος και των μεταξογόνων αδένων καταγραφόταν καθημερινά στην 4η ηλικία και το προφίλ των πρωτεϊνών της αιμολέμφου, του λιποίδους σώματος και των μεταξογόνων αδένιον προσδιοριζόταν στο τέλος της ηλικίας. Σε προνύμφες που δόθηκε η SSP-11 η διάρκεια διατροφής της 4ης ηλικίας επιμηκύνθηκε κατά 3-4 ημέρες και το 80-85% των προνυμφοίν άρχισαν να πλέκουν κουκούλι ως προνύμφες 3ης έκδυσης. Οκταπλάσια και τριακονταπλάσια αύξηση στα βάρη του σώματος της προνύμφης και των μεταξογόνων αδένων αντίστοιχα ήταν το αποτέλεσμα της χορήγησης SSP-11. Επιπλέον, οι συνολικές πρωτεΐνες, υδατάνθρακες, γλυκογόνο και νουκλεϊκά οξέα (DNA και RNA) αυξήθηκαν επίσης. Τα επίπεδα δραστηριότητας της αμινοτρανσφεράσης της αλανίνης και του ασπαρτικού αυξήθηκαν σημαντικά παρά στο μάρτυρα δείχνοντας αυξημένη κινητοποίηση αμινοξέων στη δραστικότητα των τρανσαμινασών. The anti-juvenoid, SSP-11 ((E) 4-chloro-a, a, a-trifluro-N [ 1 (1 H-imidazole- 1 –y1)- 2-propoxy ethylyledene] O, toludine) was used to induce trimoulters from tetramoulter larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (race NB7). The compound was fed for two days through an artificial diet at the concentration of 200 ppm to newly ecdysed 4th stadium larvae. Body and silkgland fresh weight were recorded daily in the 4th larval stadium and protein profiles of haemolymph, fat body and silkgland were determined at the end of the stadium. In larvae treated with SSP-11, feeding period in stadium 4 was prolonged by 3-4 days and 80-85% of the larvae started to spin as trimoulters. Eight and thirty fold increases in the larval body and silkgland weights respectively were the result of SSP-11. Further, total proteins, total carbohydrates, glycogen and nucleic acid (DNA & RNA) also increased. The activity levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferasc increased significantly than in the control indicating increased mobilization of aminoacids into transamination activities