Mechanism of Cloud Cavitation Generation on a 2-D Hydrofoil

When a sheet cavity on a hydrofoil section attains a certain size, it starts violent periodical oscillation shedding a harmful cloud cavity downstream at each oscillation cycle. This phenomenon is due to the occurrence of the re-entrant jet. In this paper, the behavior of the re-entrant jet was observed in detail using a transparent foil section model and a high-speed video camera. Time variation of pressure distribution on the foil was measured simultaneously. It was found that the re-entrant jet can start at any point in sheet cavity elongating stage. Even two re-entrant jets can appear in one cycle. When a re-entrant jet is generated upstream, the jet velocity is lower compared to the case when a re-entrant jet is generated downstream. The jet velocity is almost constant at the value determined by the location of the generation. As a result, the cavity oscillation cycle becomes constant when it is normalized by the sheet cavity surface velocity and the maximum sheet cavity length. The jet velocity is calculated from the pressure gradient at the sheet cavity T.E., using a simple theoretical model. The calculated jet velocity agrees with the measurement, showing that the jet velocity increases as its generation point shifts downstream. It is possible that pressure gradient at the sheet cavity T.E. is the driving force of re-entrant jet

Involvement of high-mobility group box 1 in the pathogenesis of severe hemolytic uremic syndrome in a murine model

博士（医学）福島県立医科大

循環するCD14+CD204+細胞数は、非小細胞肺癌患者の術後再発を予測する

京都大学0048新制・論文博士博士(医学)乙第13000号論医博第2108号新制||医||1016(附属図書館)32928(主査)教授 森田 智視, 教授 武藤 学, 教授 中山 健夫学位規則第4条第2項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Controlling topological defects and contractile flow in confined nematic cell population

Topological defects in an orientation field play a vital role for controlling the collective motion of nematic cell populations within epithelia and tissue. In this study, we study the geometric control of the collective motion in a nematic cell population to further explore the interplay between topology and dynamics in active nematics. By applying spatial constraints consisting of two or three overlapping circle boundaries, we demonstrate an ordered pairing of half-integer topological defects in a confined cell population. The defects facing each other can induce a contractile cellular flow at broad geometric conditions. This robust contractile flow contributes to mechanical stimulation while altering the cell nucleus, which may be relevant to geometry-dependent morphogenesis.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Conformational differences among metarhodopsin I, metarhodopsin II, and opsin probed by wide-angle X-ray scattering

Among the photoproducts of vertebrate rhodopsin, only metarhodopsin II (Meta-II) preferentially adopts the active structure in which transmembrane helices are rearranged. Light-induced helical rearrangement of rhodopsin in membrane-embedded form was directly monitored by wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) using nanodiscs. The change in the WAXS curve for the formation of Meta-II was characterized by a peak at 0.2 Å⁻¹ and a valley at 0.6 Å⁻¹, which were not observed in metarhodopsin I and opsin. However, acid-induced active opsin (Opsin*) showed a 0.2 Å⁻¹ peak, but no 0.6 Å⁻¹ valley. Analyses using the model structures based on the crystal structures of dark state and Meta-II suggest that the outward movement of helix VI occurred in Opsin*. However, the displaced helices III and V in Meta-II resulting from the disruption of cytoplasmic ionic lock were restored in Opsin*, which is likely to destabilize the G-protein-activating structure of opsin

First record of Larsonella pumilus (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Japan, with phylogenetic placement of the genus Larsonella

During a survey of deep-sea fauna, using a Remotely Operated Vehicle, a single specimen (21.6 mm in standard length) of Larsonella pumilus (Larson & Hoese, 1980) was collected at a depth of 214 m off the coast of Okinawa Island, Japan. It represents the first record of this species from Japan. The collection site was far deeper than previous reports for this species. This suggests that the main habitat of L. pumilus is deeper than previously recognized and it may explain the paucity of records of this species. As the previously available morphological description of L. pumilus was based on only a single specimen (holotype), this new specimen is described herein. Its morphology corresponds closely to the original description of the holotype, except that faint melanophores are arranged radially around the eyes and scattered on the trunk and the fins. Mitochondrial genome sequences of L. pumilus and 19 related species demonstrate close relationships between L. pumilus and the genus Priolepis. These data also indicate that the genus Priolepis is not monophyletic.journal articl