New Spectral Range Generations from Laser-plasma Interaction

تم بحث البلازما عالية الكثافة المنتجة بالليزرعلى نطاق واسع في الكثيرمن الدراسات. أما في هذا البحث، فقد لوحظ نطاق طيفي جديد في الأطياف الناتجة من تفاعل الليزر والبلازما ، والذي يفتح نقاشات جديدة لتوليد مصدر ضوء جديد. علاوة على ذلك ، تم تحسين خصائص البلازما من خلال عملية تفاعل الليزر مع البلازما. لقد تم تضمين ثلاثة أنواع من الليزر في القياسات ، ليزر الهليوم-نيون بالنمط المستمر، ليزر دايود الاخضر بالنمط المستمر، وليزر الندميوم-ياك النبضي. أما بالنسبة الى منظومة البلازما،  فقد تم أعتماد منظومة  ال DC) البلازما) المفرغة. تم تقييم القمم الطيفية للبلازما الناتجة من المنظومة، والتي تدل على غاز النيتروجين. أوضحت النتائج بأن شدة البلازما قد أزدادت من عدة آلاف إلى عدة عشرات آلالاف من خلال عملية تفاعل ليزر الندميوم-ياك مع البلازما، وأن هذه الزيادة في شدة البلازما مع زيادة شدة الليزر تحدث بغض النظرعن طول موجة الليزرالداخل في هذا التفاعل. تم توسيع ما يسمى (العرض الكامل بمقدار نصف الحد الأقصى  FWHM) بالنسبة إلى أعلى قمة في طيف البلازما من 1.43 إلى2.37 . وفقًا لصيغة حساب كثافة البلازما والتي تعتمد على FWHM، زادت كثافة البلازما من (1.07 × 1018  إلى 1018 × 2.05) سم-3 مع زيادة عرض أعلى قمة في الطيف. أن طاقة الكترون البلازما قد أزدادت كنتيجة للتفاعل من 0.176 الى 0.782 الكترون فولت. كما ولوحظ أن موضع أعلى قمة في طيف البلازما يعتمدعلى طول موجة الليزر الداخل في التفاعل.              High-intensity laser-produced plasma has been extensively investigated in many studies. In this demonstration, a new spectral range was observed in the resulted spectra from the laser-plasma interaction, which opens up new discussions for new light source generation. Moreover, the characterizations of plasma have been improved through the interaction process of laser-plasma. Three types of laser were incorporated in the measurements, continuous-wave CW He-Ne laser, CW diode green laser, pulse Nd: YAG laser. As the plasma system, DC glow discharge plasma under the vacuum chamber was considered in this research. The plasma spectral peaks were evaluated, where they refer to Nitrogen gas. The results indicated that the plasma intensity increased from several thousands to several tens of thousands through the process of interaction of the Nd: YAG laser with the plasma. This increase in the intensity of the plasma as laser intensity increased occurs regardless of laser wavelength involved in the interaction or not. According to laser-plasma interaction, the so-called full width at half maximum FWHM of the highest peak in the plasma spectrum was broadened from 1.43 to 2.73. Considering the equation of plasma density computing, the plasma density was increased from 1.07× 1018 to 2.05× 1018   cm-3 with increasing FWHM. As a result of the interaction, the electron temperature of plasma was increased from 0.176 to 0.782 eV. It was also noticed that the position of the highest peak in the plasma spectrum depends on the interacted laser wavelength

PERNIKAHAN BEDA AGAMA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM DAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN DI INDONESIA

Abstrak This paper aims to examine the similarities and differences between Islamic legal perspectives and positive legal perspectives on the issue of different marriages. The method used is kualitatif, with a komparatif approach. Literature learn or literature literature study, which contains a study of theories that are relevant to the problems of interfaith marriages. This writing is formal juridical normative and also includes descriptive research. On learning the rules of islam, marriage of different religions divided into three parts: the muslim male marriage to girl who are not diverse Muslims (Non-Muslims), the marriage of Muslim men to women of Ahlul Kitab and the marriage of Muslim women to men who are not Muslim (Non-Muslim ). In terms of regulation, different marriages in Indonesia law  enforcement is not strengthened, therefore Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) as a constitution law prohibiting different marriages. Because of that, the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) and marriage in the civil office (KCS) do not wan conduct administrative data collection of different marriages. Keyword: different marriages, Islamic legal Perspective, Constitution legal Perspecktive.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Single Anastomosis Sleeve Ileal (SASI) Bypass for Patients with Morbid Obesity: a Multicenter Study

Background: Single anastomosis sleeve ileal (SASI) bypass is a newly introduced bariatric and metabolic procedure. The present multicenter study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the SASI bypass in the treatment of patients with morbid obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Methods: This is a retrospective, seven-country, multicenter study on patients with morbid obesity who underwent the SASI bypass. Data regarding patients' demographics, body mass index (BMI), percentage of total weight loss (%TWL), percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL), and improvement in comorbidities at 12 months postoperatively and postoperative complications were collected. Results: Among 605 patients who underwent the SASI, 54 were excluded and 551 (390; 70.8% female) were included. At 12 months after the SASI, a significant decrease in the BMI was observed (43.2 ± 12.5 to 31.2 ± 9.7 kg/m2; p < 0.0001). The %TWL was 27.4 ± 13.4 and the %EWL was 63.9 ± 29.5. Among the 279 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), complete remission was recorded in 234 (83.9%) patients and partial improvement in 43 (15.4%) patients. Eighty-six (36.1%) patients with hypertension, 104 (65%) patients with hyperlipidemia, 37 (57.8%) patients with sleep apnea, and 70 (92.1%) patients with GERD achieved remission. Fifty-six (10.1%) complications and 2 (0.3%) mortalities were recorded. Most complications were minor. All patients had 12 months follow-up. Conclusions: The SASI bypass is an effective bariatric and metabolic surgery that achieved satisfactory weight loss and improvement in medical comorbidities, including T2DM, hypertension, sleep apnea, and GERD, with a low complication rate.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Grafting nanocellulose with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and chitosan as additive for enhancing recycled OCC pulp fibres

AbstractThis paper develops a novel paper additive for effectively recycling old corrugated container (OCC) by functionalizing nanocellulose (NC) with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and chitosan (CS), and investigate the reinforcing mechanisms and effect of the developed additive on the physical properties of recycled OCC pulp handsheets. The tensile, tear and burst index, air permeability, tensile energy absorption (TEA), and drainage performance of the recycled OCC handsheets are examined. Fourier transform infrared FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used for the chemical and microstructure characterization of both NC based additives and paper from recycled OCC pulp. The results show that functional groups on the NC based additive, such as carboxyl, amino and hydroxyl groups, can bond with the hydroxyl groups on the recycled OCC fibres to generate a chemical bond. This leads to an increase in the crosslinks and bonding area between the fibres, which increases their tensile strength and improves their recycling rate. SEM shows that the paper with NC based additives had tighter inter-fibre bonds and smaller paper pore structure. Addition of 0.3% NC-DTPA-CS additive results in optimal properties of the recycled OCC paper with an increase by 31.64%, 22.28% and 36.6% of tensile index, tear index, burst index respectively, and the air permeability decreases by 36.92%. Graphical Abstract</jats:p

Combined kyphoplasty and intraoperative radiotherapy (Kypho-IORT) versus external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for painful vertebral metastases - a randomized phase III study

Background: The spine is the most frequent location of bone metastases. Local treatment aims at palliation of pain and, given the increased likelihood of long-term cancer survival, at local control. Kyphoplasty and intraoperative radiotherapy (Kypho-IORT) provided instantaneous pain relief in 70% of patients at the first day after the intervention and resulted in local control rates of &gt; 93% at 1 year in a recently conducted phase I/II trial. To assess its clinical value, we designed a phase III trial which tests Kypho-IORT against the most widespread standard-of-care, external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), in patients with painful vertebral metastases. Methods: This phase III study includes patients ≥50 years of age with up to 4 vertebral metastases and a pain score of at least 3/10 points on the visual/numeric analogy scale (VAS). Patients randomized into the experimental arm (A) will undergo Kypho-IORT (Kyphoplasty plus IORT with 8 Gy prescribed to 13 mm depth). Patients randomized into the control arm (B) will receive EBRT with either 30 Gy in 10 fractions or 8 Gy as a single dose. The primary end point is pain reduction defined as at least − 3 points on the VAS compared to baseline at day 1. Assuming that 40% of patients in the Kypho-IORT arm and 5% of patients in the control arm will achieve this reduction and 20% will drop out, a total of 54 patients will have to be included to reach a power of 0.817 with a two-sided alpha of 0.05. Secondary endpoints are evaluation of the percentage of patients with a pain reduction of at least 3 points at 2 and 6 weeks, local tumor control, frequency of re-intervention, secondary fractures/sintering, complication rates, skin toxicity/wound healing, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and quality of life. Discussion: This trial will generate level 1 evidence on the clinical value of a one-stop procedure which may provide instantaneous pain relief, long-term control and shortened intervals to further adjuvant (systemic) therapies in patients with spinal metastases. Trial registration Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number: NCT02773966. Registration date: 05/16/2016

Tangential beam IMRT versus tangential beam 3D-CRT of the chest wall in postmastectomy breast cancer patients: A dosimetric comparison

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This study evaluates the dose distribution of reversed planned tangential beam intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) compared to standard wedged tangential beam three-dimensionally planned conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) of the chest wall in unselected postmastectomy breast cancer patients</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>For 20 unselected subsequent postmastectomy breast cancer patients tangential beam IMRT and tangential beam 3D-CRT plans were generated for the radiotherapy of the chest wall. The prescribed dose was 50 Gy in 25 fractions. Dose-volume histograms were evaluated for the PTV and organs at risk. Parameters of the dose distribution were compared using the Wilcoxon matched pairs test.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Tangential beam IMRT statistically significantly reduced the ipsilateral mean lung dose by an average of 21% (1129 cGy versus 1437 cGy). In all patients treated on the left side, the heart volume encompassed by the 70% isodose line (V70%; 35 Gy) was reduced by an average of 43% (5.7% versus 10.6%), and the mean heart dose by an average of 20% (704 cGy versus 877 cGy). The PTV showed a significantly better conformity index with IMRT; the homogeneity index was not significantly different.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Tangential beam IMRT significantly reduced the dose-volume of the ipsilateral lung and heart in unselected postmastectomy breast cancer patients.</p

Free&ndash;Free Beam Resting on Tensionless Elastic Foundation Subjected to Patch Load

Despite the popularity of a completely free beam resting on a tensionless foundation in the construction industry, the existing bending analysis solutions are limited to certain types of loads (mostly point and uniformly distributed loads); these are also quite complex for practicing engineers to handle. To overcome the associated complexity, a simple iterative procedure is developed in this study, which uses the Ritz method for the bending analysis of a free&ndash;free beam on a tensionless foundation subjected to a patched load. The Ritz method formulation is first presented with polynomials being used to approximate the beam deflection with unknown constants to be determined through minimization of the potential energy. To account for the tensionless action, the subgrade reaction is set to zero when the deflection is negative. The non-zero subgrade reaction zone is defined by &alpha;lL/2&lt;x&lt;&alpha;rL/2 where the coefficients &alpha;l and &alpha;r are to be determined iteratively. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the applicability of the proposed procedure for symmetrical and asymmetrical problems. The obtained results show high negative deflection, which proves the occurrence of separation between the beam and the supporting tensionless foundation. This location of negative deflection is called the lifted zone, while the point that separates between the negative and positive deflection is called the lift-off point. A parametric study is then performed to study the effect of the amount of load, stiffness of the beam, and the subgrade reaction on the length of the lifted zone. The results of the parametric study indicate that for the same beam stiffness to subgrade reaction modulus ratio (EI/k), the lift-off point remains the same and beams with lower stiffnesses or higher loads deflect more