Reviews

Reviews: Arne Skjølsvold: Slettabøboplassen. Et bidrag til diskusjonen om forholdet mellem fangst- og bondesamfunnet i yngre steinalder og bronsealder. Stavanger 1977. (by Svend Nielsen). Klaus Ebbesen: Tragtbægerkultur i Nordjylland. Nordiske Fortidsminder. Ser. B, Vol. 5, 197 8. (by P. 0. Nielsen). Birgitta Hulthen: On Ceramic Technology during the Scanian Neolithic and Bronze Age. Stockholm 1977. (by Ulla Engberg). Renate Rolle: Totenkult der Skythen I. Das Steppengebiet. Vorgeschichtliche Forschungen 18,I, I and I,2. Berlin-N.Y. 1979. (by Ole Klindt-Jensen). Werner Haarnagel: Die Grabung Feddersen Wierde. Methode, Hausbau, Siedlungs- u. Wirtschaftsformen sowie Sozialstruktur. Wiesbaden 1979. (by Steen Hvass). U. Nasman and E. Wegraeus (eds.): Eketorp. Fortification and Settlement on Öland/Sweden. The Setting. Stockholm 1979. (by Ulla Lund Hansen). Ingrid Ulbricht: Die Geweihverarbeitung in Haithabu. Die Ausgrabungen in Haithabu, Vol. 7. Neumünster 1978 . Heid Gjöstein Resi: Die Specksteinfunde aus Haithabu. Berichte über die Ausgrabungen in Haithabu, Vol. 14. Neumünster 1979. (by Hans Jørgen Madsen)

Pubo-Femoral Distances Measured Reliably by Midwives in Hip Dysplasia Ultrasound

The pubo-femoral distance (PFD) has been suggested as an ultrasound screening tool for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The aim of this study was to examine if midwives undergoing minimal training could reliably perform pediatric hip ultrasound and PFD measurements. Eight recruited midwives performed two rounds of independent blinded PFD measurements on 15 static ultrasound images and participated in four supervised live-scanning sessions. The midwives were compared to a group of three experienced musculoskeletal radiologists. Reliability was evaluated using inter-rater correlation coefficients (ICC). Linear regression was used to quantify the learning curve of the midwives as a group. There was near complete intra- and inter-rater agreement (ICC > 0.89) on static ultrasound images across both rounds of rating for midwives and radiologists. The midwives performed a mean of 29 live hip scans (range 24–35). The mean difference between midwives and supervising radiologists was 0.36 mm, 95% CI (0.12–0.61) for the first session, which decreased to 0.20 mm, 95% CI (0.04–0.37) in the fourth session. ICC for PFD measurements increased from 0.59 mm, 95% CI (0.37–0.75) to 0.78 mm, 95% CI (0.66–0.86) with progression in sessions. We conclude that midwives reliably perform PFD measurements of pediatric hips with minimal training