Space based topographic mapping experiment using Seasat synthetic aperture radar and LANDSAT 3 return beam vidicon imagery

A technique for producing topographic information is described which is based on same side/same time viewing using a dissimilar combination of radar imagery and photographic images. Common geographic areas viewed from similar space reference locations produce scene elevation displacements in opposite direction and proper use of this characteristic can yield the perspective information necessary for determination of base to height ratios. These base to height ratios can in turn be used to produce a topographic map. A test area covering the Harrisburg, Pennsylvania region was observed by synthetic aperture radar on the Seasat satellite and by return beam vidicon on by the LANDSAT - 3 satellite. The techniques developed for the scaling re-orientation and common registration of the two images are presented along with the topographic determination data. Topographic determination based exclusively on the images content is compared to the map information which is used as a performance calibration base

Religious leaders\u27 perceptions of advance care planning: a secondary analysis of interviews with Buddhist, Christian, Hindu, Islamic, Jewish, Sikh and Bahai leaders

Background: International guidance for advance care planning (ACP) supports the integration of spiritual and religious aspects of care within the planning process. Religious leaders’ perspectives could improve how ACP programs respect patients’ faith backgrounds. This study aimed to examine: (i) how religious leaders understand and consider ACP and its implications, including (ii) how religion affects followers’ approaches to end-of-life care and ACP, and (iii) their implications for healthcare. Methods: Interview transcripts from a primary qualitative study conducted with religious leaders to inform an ACP website, ACPTalk, were used as data in this study. ACPTalk aims to assist health professionals conduct sensitive conversations with people from different religious backgrounds. A qualitative secondary analysis conducted on the interview transcripts focussed on religious leaders’ statements related to this study’s aims. Interview transcripts were thematically analysed using an inductive, comparative, and cyclical procedure informed by grounded theory. Results: Thirty-five religious leaders (26 male; mean 58.6-years-old), from eight Christian and six non-Christian (Jewish, Buddhist, Islamic, Hindu, Sikh, Bahá’í) backgrounds were included. Three themes emerged which focussed on: religious leaders’ ACP understanding and experiences; explanations for religious followers’ approaches towards end-of-life care; and health professionals’ need to enquire about how religion matters. Most leaders had some understanding of ACP and, once fully comprehended, most held ACP in positive regard. Religious followers’ preferences for end-of-life care reflected family and geographical origins, cultural traditions, personal attitudes, and religiosity and faith interpretations. Implications for healthcare included the importance of avoiding generalisations and openness to individualised and/ or standardised religious expressions of one’s religion. Conclusions: Knowledge of religious beliefs and values around death and dying could be useful in preparing health professionals for ACP with patients from different religions but equally important is avoidance of assumptions. Community-based initiatives, programs and faith settin

Gender Differences In Responses To Hypothetical Business Ethical Dilemmas By Business Undergraduates

Business leaders are often failing to display ethical behavior in business decisions. This paper examines the gender differences found in undergraduate business students when faced with ethical decision making dilemmas

Effect of High Roughage and High Energy Diets on Body Temperature

Four heifers were used in two trials comparing the effect of high energy and high roughage diets on three body temperature measurements. Body temperatures were measured in the vagina, in the ear canal near the tympanic membrane, and in the rumen. The high roughage diet lowered all three measures of body temperatures as compared with the high energy diet. Vaginal, tympanic, and ruminal temperature all appeared to effectively measure body temperature as they followed the same diurnal cycle; however, ruminal temperatures were, on average, 0.5 to 1.4°F higher than other body temperature measures

Pen Density and Straw Bedding During Feedlot Finishing

Two experiments evaluated effects of straw bedding (in sheltered and unsheltered facilities) and pen density (in unsheltered facilities) on cattle performance during winter/spring (mid-December to late March) seasons. Bedding had no effect on overall performance in the sheltered facilities, but performance improvements were noted from December through February in unsheltered facilities. Lowering pen density(increasing pen space per animal) improved performance and lowered mud condition scores on the animal and in the feedlot

Body Temperature in Free-Roaming Beef Cattle

Body temperature (BT) measurements are traditionally used in diagnosing sick animals, but may also be used as an indicator of stress or activity. Based on results of metabolism studies, Mader et al. (1999) reported that BT can vary as much as 0.9oC and can depend on metabolisable energy (ME) of the diet consumed. Acceptable measures of BT can be obtained from the rectum, vagina, or ear canal. Technologies are also being developed for continuously monitoring BT via radio-telemetry. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of high concentrate (low fibre) versus high fibre diets on BT, assess the capabilities of obtaining BT in free-roaming cattle, and compare temperatures taken in the rumen with vaginal and tympanic temperatures

G84-738 Management to Minimize Hay Waste

This NebGuide discusses harvest factors that affect hay yield and quality as well as ways to reduce losses during harvest, storage, and feeding. Hay is harvested, stored, and fed under a wide variety of conditions that influence both its yield and feed value. High quality hay is needed by animals that require high nutrient concentrations to reach desired levels of production. These include dairy cows, finishing beef cattle, fattening lambs, and race horses. Excellent hay management is required to produce the hay needed by these livestock. High quality hay is also used as a supplement to lower quality forages, such as crop residues. Hay of lower quality is nutritionally valuable, but should be used in other livestock production systems, such as the wintering of beef cows

Effect of Altered Feeding and Sprinkling on Performance and Body Temperature of Steers Finished in the Summer

Effects of feeding time (800 vs 1400) and sprinkling on feedlot performance, body temperature, and mound microclimate were examined to determine their usefulness in reducing heat stress of feedlot steers. Feed conversion was improved overall for steers with access to sprinklers. Body temperature, early in the finishing period, was reduced by both sprinkling and afternoon feeding relative to steers fed at 800 h without access to sprinklers . Overall water intake was greater for steers fed at 800 without sprinkling than any other treatment

Growth Promoting Agents and Season Effects on Blood Metabolite and Body Temperature Measures

To assess growth promoting agents efficacy among seasons, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, blood metabolites, and tympanic temperature were measured in summer and winter studies. Within each season, pens of heifers were assigned to one of six growth promotant treatments. Season by growth promotant treatment interactions (P \u3c 0.05) indicated that the combination of estrogen and trenbolone acetate increased triiodothyronine in the winter, whereas trenbolone acetate alone decreased both triiodothyronine and thyroxine in the winter. Maximum tympanic temperature was greater (P \u3c 0.01) in the summer than in the winter, while minimum tympanic temperature was lowered (P \u3c 0.01) in the summer. Changes in blood metabolite levels resulting from the use of growth promotants do not appear to substantially influence seasonal changes in body temperature

G84-738 Management to Minimize Hay Waste

This NebGuide discusses harvest factors that affect hay yield and quality as well as ways to reduce losses during harvest, storage, and feeding. Hay is harvested, stored, and fed under a wide variety of conditions that influence both its yield and feed value. High quality hay is needed by animals that require high nutrient concentrations to reach desired levels of production. These include dairy cows, finishing beef cattle, fattening lambs, and race horses. Excellent hay management is required to produce the hay needed by these livestock. High quality hay is also used as a supplement to lower quality forages, such as crop residues. Hay of lower quality is nutritionally valuable, but should be used in other livestock production systems, such as the wintering of beef cows