196 research outputs found
Canine bacterial zoonoses, antibiotic therapy and antibiotic resistance in dogs
Antibiotic resistance has from now on gained the qualification of a zoonosis. Men and dogs not only share bacterias and, when the germ is a pathogen, the risk of an infection, but they also share resistance factors which can jeopardize the effects of antibiotic therapy. Veterinary practitioners, scientists and sanitary authorities have joined forces to fight vigorously against the plague that antibiotic resistance represents: meticulous overseeing of bacteria in dogs and their eventual resistance by the RESAPATH network (Anses), drawing up and running of the ECOANTIBIO 2017 plan whose goal is to reduce antibiotics consumption by 25% within 5 years, creation in each region of a referent position in antibiotics⊠The problem of antibiotic resistance ties together Man and Animal and perfectly illustrates the importance of the âOne Health" concept.La rĂ©sistance aux antibiotiques a dĂ©sormais obtenu le statut de zoonose. Homme et Chien Ă©changent non seulement des bactĂ©ries avec, lorsque ces bactĂ©ries sont pathogĂšnes, un risque infectieux, mais aussi des facteurs de rĂ©sistance qui sont susceptibles de compromettre lâefficacitĂ© dâun traitement antibiotique. Praticiens vĂ©tĂ©rinaires, scientifiques, et autoritĂ©s sanitaires se sont associĂ©s pour lutter contre le flĂ©au quâest lâantibiorĂ©sistance avec des mesures fortes : surveillance mĂ©ticuleuse des germes et de leur rĂ©sistance chez le chien par le rĂ©seau RESAPATH (Anses), Ă©laboration et mise en fonctionnement du plan Ecoantio 2017 qui vise Ă rĂ©duire en 5 ans la consommation dâantibiotiques de plus de 25 %, crĂ©ation dans chaque rĂ©gion dâun poste rĂ©fĂ©rent en antibiotiquesâŠCette problĂ©matique « antibiorĂ©sistance » qui rĂ©unit Homme et Animal illustre parfaitement lâimportance du « One Health »
Meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among animals in France : prevalence and co-resistance
Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important human pathogen. Recent infections
in humans in the Netherlands (2006) were attributed to ST398 MRSA isolates from pigs and highlighted
the potential risk for humans to get infected with MRSA strains of animal origin. Most data
available at this time argue for a large prevalence, albeit variable among countries, of ST398 MRSA
colonizing (but not infecting) pigs. With respect to transmission to humans, professional exposure
to pigs remains the main risk factor identified so far. In Europe, data on MRSA (and mainly non-ST398
MRSA) in other animal species than pigs are still scarce. Therefore, further studies are needed for a
more acute evaluation of the risk of spreading to humans.Le staphylocoque doré (Staphylococcus aureus) résistant à la méticilline (SARM) constitue un pathogÚne
majeur en mĂ©decine humaine. Des cas rĂ©cents dâinfections liĂ©es Ă des souches dâorigine porcine
(clone ST398) aux Pays-Bas en 2006 ont mis en lumiĂšre le risque que pouvait constituer le SARM animal
pour lâhomme. Les principales donnĂ©es disponibles restent encore issues Ă ce jour de la filiĂšre porcine,
et montrent une large prĂ©valence, bien que variable dâun pays Ă lâautre, dâun clone colonisateur
peu virulent, et principalement du groupe clonal ST398. Les infections humaines apparaissent,
quant à elles, limitées aux expositions professionnelles (éleveurs de porcs). Dans les autres espÚces
animales, le SARM (surtout non-ST398) reste peu décrit, en France comme en Europe. Il conviendra,
au cours des prochaines années, de compléter ces données pour préciser les évolutions éventuelles
du pouvoir pathogĂšne pour lâhomme des SARM animaux
Resistance to carbapenems in animals in the absence of use
Les carbapĂ©nĂšmes, classe dâantibiotiques naturels ou semi-synthĂ©tiques de la famille des bĂȘta-lactamines
sont des antibiotiques de premiĂšre importance en mĂ©decine humaine. MĂȘme si lâusage des
carbapénÚmes est interdit en médecine vétérinaire (antibiotiques critiques), des souches bactériennes
rĂ©sistantes Ă cette classe dâantibiotiques sont dĂ©crites dans le secteur animal. Ă partir dâexemple
rĂ©cents, cette communication a pour objectif de faire un point sur la situation chez lâanimal domestique
en France. En particulier, lâexemple de Pseudomonas aeruginosa dans des infections cutanĂ©es
chez le chien illustre comment la résistance aux carbapénÚmes est trÚs probablement sélectionnée
par lâusage des fluoroquinolones et/ou des aminosides (mĂ©canismes dâefflux). Au final, ces Ă©lĂ©ments
constituent une occasion supplĂ©mentaire de rappeler Ă la profession vĂ©tĂ©rinaire, lâimportance de
lâusage raisonnĂ© des antibiotiques en toutes circonstances.Carbapenems, a class among beta-lactams are antibiotics of crucial importance in human medicine.
Even though carbapenems are not authorized in veterinary medicine, various bacteria harbouring
resistance to carbapenems have been reported in the animal sector. Here, based on recent examples,
we provide an update on the epidemiological situation of carbapenem resistance in domestic
animals in France. Notably, the case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the context of external otitis in
dogs highlights to what extent resistance to carbapenems may have likely been selected by the use
of fluoroquinolones and/or aminoglycosides. At the end, these data stress again the importance of
a rational use of antibiotics at any time in veterinary medicine
Rapid polymyxin NP test for the detection of polymyxin resistance mediated by the MCR-1/MCR-2 genes
The Rapid Polymyxin NP test has been recently developed to rapidly detect polymyxin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. Here we evaluated this test for detecting MCR- 1/MCR-2-producing Enterobacteriaceae using a collection of 70 non-redundant strains either recovered from the environment, animals, or humans. Sensitivity and specificity were found to be 100%
vanA in Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus casseliflavus detected in French cattle.
The goal of this study was to assess the presence of enterococci species presenting van-mediated glycopeptide resistance in French cattle. Fecal samples were collected from healthy and sick animals, and enterococci were screened for vancomycin resistance. Vancomycin resistance was principally encountered in Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus casseliflavus strains. However, glycopeptide resistance was detected in three different species of enterococci (E. faecalis, E. faecium, and E. casseliflavus). Molecular characterization of the genetic support proved that they all presented the prototypic VanA element. Interestingly, the E. casseliflavus strain displayed a remarkable VanB phenotype/vanA-vanC genotype. Transferability, associated resistances, and factors of vanA cotransfer were sought. This study proved that acquired vanA genes can still be detected in food-producing animals more than a decade after the avoparcin ban. Indeed, calves, which are recurrently exposed to antibiotics in France, may allow the re-emergence of glycopeptide resistance through coselection factors, and this might potentially be concerning for human health
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