El centro y las periferias en la temprana Edad Moderna europea: la experiencia de los viajeros

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National Traditions in the Historiography of the State : the Case of Poland

In the long 19th century (1795-1918) the Polish nation was deprived of its state. As a result, few Poles saw reasons to associate the State with the Nation. Romantic ideas which had predominated in the early 19th century, after 1863 were replaced by a special national brand of positivism. In the later 19th century, the "Warsaw School" of historians focussed on the economic revival and political reforms of the last pre-partitions decades. The "Cracow School" was more critical of the constitution of the Old Commonwealth (in the 16th-18th centuries); it attacked the form of the government and the gentry's anarchical tendencies. After 1945, the influence of Soviet-style Marxism was short and superficial. In the last decades, the interest of historians focusses on the society of orders and the parliamentary "structure of politics". The question is being discussed, when and why there opened a gap between Poland-Lithuania and other states of early modern Europe.Maczak Antoni. National Traditions in the Historiography of the State : the Case of Poland. In: Visions sur le développement des États européens. Théories et historiographies de l'État moderne. Actes du colloque de Rome (18-31 mars 1990) Rome : École Française de Rome, 1993. pp. 235-248. (Publications de l'École française de Rome, 171

New style of honeycomb structures revealed on 3D seismic data indicate widespread diagenesis offshore Great South Basin, New Zealand

In the Great South Basin, within the Eocene section, at time-depths around 700–900 ms two way time below the seafloor, unusual features are observed on 3D seismic data closely associated with polygonal faults. The features, referred to as honeycomb structures (HS), cover an area of ∼600 km 2 , are packed circular, oval, to polygonal depressions 150–400 m across in plan view and several to 10 + m in amplitude. Polygonal faults rapidly die out at the Marshall Paraconformity, which is overlain by the Oligocene Penrod Formation. Hence the polygonal faults are inferred to have formed prior to the Marshall Paraconformity, and they cross-cut HS features. Consequently the top of the HS probably formed at burial depths of around 375–500 m, which is their decompacted depth below the paraconformity. The interval containing HS is about 125 m vertical thick. There are several possible origins for the HS. The most probable is related to bulk contraction of the sediment volume accompanied by fluid expulsion, which suggests a diagenetic origin, in particular the opal-A/CT transition. There are actually two polygonal fault systems (PFS) present in the area. The Southern Tier 1 PFS lies laterally to the HS and overlaps with it. The Northern PFS (Tier 2) lies above the HS, appears to be independent of the HS, and formed in the upper 200–300 m of the sediment column. The Tier 1 PFS probably formed by shear failure related to the same diagenetic effects that caused the HS

New style of honeycomb structures revealed on 3D seismic data indicate widespread diagenesis offshore Great South Basin, New Zealand

In the Great South Basin, within the Eocene section, at time-depths around 700–900 ms two way time below the seafloor, unusual features are observed on 3D seismic data closely associated with polygonal faults. The features, referred to as honeycomb structures (HS), cover an area of ∼600 km 2 , are packed circular, oval, to polygonal depressions 150–400 m across in plan view and several to 10 + m in amplitude. Polygonal faults rapidly die out at the Marshall Paraconformity, which is overlain by the Oligocene Penrod Formation. Hence the polygonal faults are inferred to have formed prior to the Marshall Paraconformity, and they cross-cut HS features. Consequently the top of the HS probably formed at burial depths of around 375–500 m, which is their decompacted depth below the paraconformity. The interval containing HS is about 125 m vertical thick. There are several possible origins for the HS. The most probable is related to bulk contraction of the sediment volume accompanied by fluid expulsion, which suggests a diagenetic origin, in particular the opal-A/CT transition. There are actually two polygonal fault systems (PFS) present in the area. The Southern Tier 1 PFS lies laterally to the HS and overlaps with it. The Northern PFS (Tier 2) lies above the HS, appears to be independent of the HS, and formed in the upper 200–300 m of the sediment column. The Tier 1 PFS probably formed by shear failure related to the same diagenetic effects that caused the HS