Effects Of Delays And Reminders On Time-Based Prospective Memory

Recent research has focused on event- and time-based prospective memory (PM) studied in lab settings. The current study focuses on scarcely studied naturalistic time-based PM tasks. Time-based PM is defined as remembering to carry out a task at a specific time in the future (Einstein & McDaniel, 1990, 2005). Two experiments were performed to compare the effects of various delays and types of reminders on time-based PM. In the first experiment, participants underwent a time-based PM task at a 1-, 3-, or 6-day delay in a naturalistic setting. Half of the participants were asked to repeat the delay and half were not in order to examine whether requiring a second response would have an effect on time-based PM. In the second experiment, participants underwent a 1- or 6-day delay in a naturalistic setting and were given an explicit or an implicit reminder. Results of Experiment 1 showed that there was a significant decline in PM performance between the 1- and 6-day delays. When the delay periods were repeated, there was no effect on PM accuracy. The results of Experiment 1 indicate that a long delay decreases PM performance in naturalistic settings. In addition, it also appears that when PM tasks are repeated, there was no significant increase in PM accuracy. Data for Experiment 2 are currently being collected.https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/urs2021psych/1006/thumbnail.jp

LGBTQIA+ Youth Experiences with Stigma in Urban and Rural School Settings: A Retrospective Study

School is considered an essential element in the development of children academically and socially. The experiences that children have while in elementary and secondary school impact their future academic success both positively and negatively. For children who identify as a part of the LGBTQIA community, social stigma may be a barrier to learning and to making positive social connections while in school. Currently there appears to be limited research available on this topic. Our research study aims to provide a better understanding of how LGBTIQIA youth are experiencing stigma in elementary and secondary school. The purpose of this study is to gain new insight on the struggles that LGBTQIA youth face and to use that insight to help implement better supports and resources for them. These experiences are looked at broadly as well as how they may differ in rural and urban school settings. The hypothesis for this study is that individuals of the LGBTQIA community in rural school settings experience more and worse cases of stigma including micro-aggressions compared to those in urban school settings. We used a retrospective framework conducting 2 focus groups with LGBTQIA college students at a 4-year university. The interview format included open-ended questions exploring their lived experience as youth in rural and urban schools prior to graduation from high school. Interview data were compiled, and thematic analysis techniques were used to examine responses. The study results will be used to educate professionals who may work with youth in this population in order to improve support and resources in schools. Providing new information and educating professionals can help prevent stigma and encourage respectful inclusion of LGBTQIA youth in schools

Effects of News Media Coverage of Natural Disasters on the African American Community

While writing this thesis, Hurricane Sandy, the largest Atlantic hurricane on record, affected at least 24 states from Florida to New England in late October 2012. The hurricane devastated New Jersey and New York City with rising death toll and property damages. Hurricane Katrina was the deadliest in 2005. The hurricane killed 1, 833. African American residents in New Orleans were catastrophically affected in flooded parishes by the hurricane. The primary purpose of the current study was to examine the experience of natural disasters among local participants and to evaluate the local media coverage of such events. A total of 128 adults living in the Houston and Galveston area participated in the survey questionnaire in September of2012. This study is based on answering the following research questions: what are the experiences of the African American community in natural disasters, what is the primary source of information African Americans\u27 use to receive information about natural disasters and what are the long-term effects of natural disasters. Even though local TV was the most preferred source of information, our participants also rely on the person-to-person contact in case of natural disasters. They 1 2 get informational and emotional support as well from family, church members, co workers, and school. In terms of utilizing the new media such as the Internet, there was statistically significant gender difference: More male participants use the Internet than female adults. The survey also examined the long-term effects of natural disasters on the financial, health and emotional aspect of respondents. About 28% of the participants revealed financial stress and problems from natural disasters, while 11% agreed on health and 20% on emotional trauma. They also indicated material support from such organizations as FEMA, Red Cross, Church organizations, etc. However, some participants pointed out the slow feedback and follow-up from FEMA. Natural disasters are coverage heavily by the local media, but our respondents complained about the un-even coverage of certain areas of the city and about the potential stories in terms of importance of ratings. This exploratory study contains results from the African American communities in the Houston/Galveston areas. Future study should examine the local risk responses with more diverse and large sample for prevention, warning system, and evacuations. In addition, the role of the new media in natural disasters and emergencies are in high demands today. News media uses the Internet to stream live news coverage for the public to see and hear about natural disasters

LGBTQIA Youth Experiences with Stigma in Urban and Rural School Settings: A Retrospective Study

School is considered an essential element in the development of children academically and socially. The experiences that children have while in elementary and secondary school impact their future academic success both positively and negatively. For children who identify as a part of the LGBTQIA community, social stigma may be a barrier to learning and to making positive social connections while in school. Currently there appears to be limited research available on this topic. Our research study aims to provide a better understanding of how LGBTIQIA youth are experiencing stigma in elementary and secondary school. The purpose of this study is to gain new insight on the struggles that LGBTQIA youth face and to use that insight to help implement better supports and resources for them. These experiences are looked at broadly as well as how they may differ in rural and urban school settings. The hypothesis for this study is that individuals of the LGBTQIA community in rural school settings experience more and worse cases of stigma including micro-aggressions compared to those in urban school settings. We used a retrospective framework conducting 2 focus groups with LGBTQIA college students at a 4-year university. The interview format included open-ended questions exploring their lived experience as youth in rural and urban schools prior to graduation from high school. Interview data were compiled, and thematic analysis techniques were used to examine responses. The study results will be used to educate professionals who may work with youth in this population in order to improve support and resources in schools. Providing new information and educating professionals can help prevent stigma and encourage respectful inclusion of LGBTQIA youth in schools

Circles of Support and Accountability (CoSA): A case file review of two pilots

This research summary provides a description of Circles of Support and Accountability (CoSA), a community-based initiative that aims to prevent further offending and sexual abuse by sexual offenders

Impact of enzyme replacement therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with Morquio A syndrome

Patients with mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (MPS IVA) can present with systemic skeletal dysplasia, leading to a need for multiple orthopedic surgical procedures, and often become wheelchair bound in their teenage years. Studies on patients with MPS IVA treated by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) showed a sharp reduction on urinary keratan sulfate, but only modest improvement based on a 6-minute walk test and no significant improvement on a 3-minute climb-up test and lung function test compared with the placebo group, at least in the short-term. Surgical remnants from ERT-treated patients did not show reduction of storage materials in chondrocytes. The impact of ERT on bone lesions in patients with MPS IVA remains limited. ERT seems to be enhanced in a mouse model of MPS IVA by a novel form of the enzyme tagged with a bone-targeting moiety. The tagged enzyme remained in the circulation much longer than untagged native enzyme and was delivered to and retained in bone. Three-month- old MPS IVA mice treated with 23 weekly infusions of tagged enzyme showed marked clearance of the storage materials in bone, bone marrow, and heart valves. When treatment was initiated at birth, reduction of storage materials in tissues was even greater. These findings indicate that specific targeting of the enzyme to bone at an early stage may improve efficacy of ERT for MPS IVA. Recombinant N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS) in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) (erGALNS) and in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris (prGALNS) has been produced as an alternative to the conventional production in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Recombinant GALNS produced in microorganisms may help to reduce the high cost of ERT and the introduction of modifications to enhance targeting. Although only a limited number of patients with MPS IVA have been treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), beneficial effects have been reported. A wheelchair-bound patient with a severe form of MPS IVA was treated with HSCT at 15 years of age and followed up for 10 years. Radiographs showed that the figures of major and minor trochanter appeared. Loud snoring and apnea disappeared. In all, 1 year after bone marrow transplantation, bone mineral density at L2-L4 was increased from 0.372 g/cm(2) to 0.548 g/cm(2) and was maintained at a level of 0.48 +/- 0.054 for the following 9 years. Pulmonary vital capacity increased approximately 20% from a baseline of 1.08 L to around 1.31 L over the first 2 years and was maintained thereafter. Activity of daily living was improved similar to the normal control group. After bilateral osteotomies, a patient can walk over 400 m using hip-knee-ankle-foot orthoses. This long-term observation of a patient shows that this treatment can produce clinical improvements although bone deformity remained unchanged. In conclusion, ERT is a therapeutic option for MPS IVA patients, and there are some indications that HSCT may be an alternative to treat this disease. However, as neither seems to be a curative therapy, at least for the skeletal dysplasia in MPS IVA patients, new approaches are investigated to enhance efficacy and reduce costs to benefit MPS IVA patients