Die Buchkrise im anglophonen Afrika seit Mitte der 1980er Jahre: ein Drei-Länder-Vergleich

This volume discusses the 'book crisis' in anglophone Africa, paying particular attention to Kenya, Nigeria and Zimbabwe. It reviews the history of publishing, economic and cultural aspects of the crisis, its impact on authors and the nature of the readership..Dieser Band behandelt die 'Buch-Krise' im englischsprachigen Afrika mit besonderem Bezug auf Kenia, Nigeria und Simbabwe. Er betrachtet die Geschichte der Verlagswesens, der Wirtschaft und der kulturellen Aspekte der Krise, ihre Auswirkung auf Autoren und die Besonderheiten der Leser

Die Buchkrise im anglophonen Afrika seit Mitte der 1980er Jahre: ein Drei-Länder-Vergleich

This volume discusses the 'book crisis' in anglophone Africa, paying particular attention to Kenya, Nigeria and Zimbabwe. It reviews the history of publishing, economic and cultural aspects of the crisis, its impact on authors and the nature of the readership..Dieser Band behandelt die 'Buch-Krise' im englischsprachigen Afrika mit besonderem Bezug auf Kenia, Nigeria und Simbabwe. Er betrachtet die Geschichte der Verlagswesens, der Wirtschaft und der kulturellen Aspekte der Krise, ihre Auswirkung auf Autoren und die Besonderheiten der Leser

Continuation and maintenance treatments for persistent depressive disorder

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of pharmacological and psychological continuation and maintenance treatments for persistent depressive disorder, in comparison with each other; placebo (drug/attention placebo/non‐specific treatment control); and treatment as usual (TAU). In addition, to assess the effects of combined psychological and pharmacological continuation and maintenance treatments, in comparison with either of these treatments alone

Comparative effectiveness of continuation and maintenance treatments for persistent depressive disorder in adults

Background: Persistent depressive disorder (PDD) is defined as a depressive disorder with a minimum illness duration of two years, including four diagnostic subgroups (dysthymia, chronic major depression, recurrent major depression with incomplete remission between episodes, and double depression). Persistent forms of depression represent a substantial proportion of depressive disorders, with a lifetime prevalence ranging from 3% to 6% in the Western world. Growing evidence indicates that PDD responds well to several acute interventions, such as combined psychological and pharmacological treatments. Yet, given the high rates of relapse and recurrences of depression following response to acute treatment, long-term continuation and maintenance therapy are of great importance. To date, there has been no evidence synthesis available on continuation and maintenance treatments of PDDs. Objectives: To assess the effects of pharmacological and psychological (either alone or combined) continuation and maintenance treatments for persistent depressive disorder, in comparison with each other, placebo (drug/attention placebo/non-specific treatment control), and treatment as usual (TAU). Continuation treatments are defined as treatments given to currently remitted people (remission is defined as depressive symptoms dropping below case level) or to people who previously responded to an antidepressant treatment. Maintenance therapy is given during recovery (which is defined as remission lasting longer than six months). Search methods: We searched Ovid MEDLINE (1950- ), Embase (1974- ), PsycINFO (1967- ) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) to 28 September 2018. An earlier search of these databases was also conducted for RCTs via the Cochrane Common Mental Disorders Controlled Trial Register (CCMD-CTR) (all years to 11 Dec 2015). In addition we searched grey literature resources as well as the international trial registers ClinicalTrials.gov and ICTRP to 28 September 2018. We screened reference lists of included studies and contacted the first author of all included studies. Selection criteria: We included randomized (RCTs) and non-randomized controlled trials (NRCTs) in adults with formally diagnosed PDD, receiving pharmacological, psychological, or combined continuation and maintenance interventions

Peer victimisation and depressive symptoms: Can specific coping strategies buffer the negative impact of cybervictimisation?

This longitudinal study investigated whether cybervictimisation is an additional risk factor for depressive symptoms over and beyond traditional victimisation in adolescents. Furthermore, it explored whether certain coping strategies moderate the impact of cybervictimisation on depressive symptoms. A total of 765 Swiss seventh graders (mean age at time-point 1 (t1) = 13.18 years) reported on the frequency of traditional and cybervictimisation, and of depressive symptoms twice in six months. At time-point 2 (t2) students also completed a questionnaire on coping strategies in response to a hypothetical cyberbullying scenario. Analyses showed that both traditional and cybervictimisation were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. Cybervictimisation also predicted increases in depressive symptoms over time. Regarding coping strategies, it was found that helpless reactions were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Moreover, support seeking from peers and family showed a significant buffering effect: cybervictims who recommended seeking close support showed lower levels of depressive symptoms at t2. In contrast, cybervictims recommending assertive coping strategies showed higher levels of depressive symptoms at t2

Identifying relapse prevention elements during psychological treatment of depression: Development of an observer-based rating instrument

BACKGROUND Although observer-rated instruments assessing therapist's adherence to relapse-preventive treatments are available, they do not adequately cover specific relapse-preventive elements that focus on implementation of strategies after terminating treatment. This study describes the development of the KERI-D (Kodierbogen zur Erfassung Rückfallprophylaktischer Interventionen bei Depression/Coding System to Assess Interventions of Relapse Prevention in Depression). The KERI-D is a new observer-based rating tool for acute or continuation/maintenance-phase sessions and assesses relapse-prevention elements including implementation into patient's daily routines. METHODS The development of the KERI-D included iterative steps referring to theoretical, clinical and empirical sources. It consists of 19 content items within four categories (self-care, early warning signs, triggering events/situations, termination of therapy) and one global item. For empirical analyses, videotaped psychotherapy sessions of 36 psychotherapies were rated by three independent observers and analyzed for their psychometric properties. RESULTS Most items showed moderate to good inter-rater reliability (median ICC = .80) and retest reliability (median ICC = .93). Principal-axis factor analysis revealed three subscales, and first evidence of content validity was demonstrated. No associations with clinical follow-up data were found. LIMITATIONS Analysis was limited to a relatively small sample of selected psychotherapy sessions. Evaluation of predictive validity is a desirable next step to further examine applicability and scope of the instrument. CONCLUSIONS The KERI-D is the first observer-based rating instrument measuring specific relapse-prevention strategies in psychotherapy for depression. It may help to identify elements that prove effective in reducing relapse/recurrence in the long-term and thereby help to optimize effect duration of depression treatment

Peer victimisation and depressive symptoms : Can specific coping strategies buffer the negative impact of cybervictimisation?

This longitudinal study investigated whether cybervictimisation is an additional risk factor for depressive symptoms over and beyond traditional victimisation in adolescents. Furthermore, it explored whether certain coping strategies moderate the impact of cybervictimisation on depressive symptoms. A total of 765 Swiss seventh graders (mean age at time-point 1 (t1) = 13.18 years) reported on the frequency of traditional and cybervictimisation, and of depressive symptoms twice in six months. At time-point 2 (t2) students also completed a questionnaire on coping strategies in response to a hypothetical cyberbullying scenario. Analyses showed that both traditional and cybervictimisation were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. Cybervictimisation also predicted increases in depressive symptoms over time. Regarding coping strategies, it was found that helpless reactions were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Moreover, support seeking from peers and family showed a significant buffering effect: cybervictims who recommended seeking close support showed lower levels of depressive symptoms at t2. In contrast, cybervictims recommending assertive coping strategies showed higher levels of depressive symptoms at t2