Burkitt’s Lymphoma Related to Epstein–Barr Virus Infection During Pregnancy

Setting: Burkitt’s lymphoma is a rare form of cancer and is an extremely rare diagnosis during pregnancy. This form of lymphoma is a very fast growing B cell neoplasm and chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for the disease in all its stages. Case report: The authors describe the case of a Caucasian 40-year-old nulliparous woman, with previous known Epstein–Barr virus infection, that presents at 28 weeks gestation with supraclavicular adenopathy and multiple bilateral breast nodules, in which biopsy showed non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt’s type. Discussion: There are few described cases of Burkitt’s lymphoma during pregnancy and in general the outcomes have been poor. In most of the cases, the patients were not treated by current standards or instead had a late diagnosis. This neoplasia is the most rapidly progressive human tumor, and any delay in initiating therapy can adversely aVect patient’s prognosis. The authors discuss treatment options in pregnancy and its perinatal implications

A Multistate Model for Analyzing Transitions Between Body Mass Index Categories During Childhood: The Generation XXI Birth Cohort Study

Prevalences of overweight and obesity in young children have risen dramatically in the last several decades in most developed countries. Childhood overweight and obesity are known to have immediate and long-term health consequences and are now recognized as important public health concerns. We used a Markov 4-state model with states defined by 4 body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) categories (underweight (2 SDs of BMI z score)) to study the rates of transition to higher or lower BMI categories among children aged 4-10 years. We also used this model to study the relationships between explanatory variables and their transition rates. The participants consisted of 4,887 children from the Generation XXI Birth Cohort Study (Porto, Portugal; 2005-2017) who underwent anthropometric evaluation at age 4 years and in at least 1 of the subsequent follow-up waves (ages 7 and 10 years). Children who were normal weight were more likely to move to higher BMI categories than to lower categories, whereas overweight children had similar rates of transition to the 2 adjacent categories. We evaluated the associations of maternal age and education, type of delivery, sex, and birth weight with childhood overweight and obesity, but we observed statistically significant results only for sex and maternal education with regard to the progressive transitions.L.M.-M. received financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through project M2017-82379-R, funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion and the European Regional Development Fund. A.C.S. holds an FCT Investigator contract (contract IF/01060/2015) from the Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT). The Generation XXI Birth Cohort Study was funded by Programa Operacional de Saude XXI, Quadro Comunitario de Apoio III, and the Administracao Regional de Saude Norte (a regional department of the Portuguese Ministry of Health). The current study was funded by the Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional through the Operational Thematic Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization (COMPETE 2020); by the FCT, Ministerio Portugues da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (grant POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016837); by the project PathMOB: Risco Cardiometabolico na Infancia: Desde o Inicio da Vida ao Fim da Infancia (grant FCT PTDC/DTP-EPI/3306/2014); by the Unidade de Investigacao em Epidemiologia (EPIUnit), Instituto de Saude Publica da Universidade do Porto (grant POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006862); and by the Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian (Lisbon, Portugal). This study also resulted from the DOCnet Project (Diabetes and Obesity at the Crossroads Between Oncological and Cardiovascular Diseases-A System Analysis Network Towards Precision Medicine) (grant NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000003), which is supported by the Programa Operacional da Regiao Norte (NORTE 2020) under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund

Automated Morphometric Characterization of the Cerebral Cortex for the Developing and Ageing Brain

Morphometric characterisation of the cerebral cortex can provide information about patterns of brain development and ageing and may be relevant for diagnosis and estimation of the progression of diseases such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and schizophrenia. Therefore, understanding and describing the differences between populations in terms of structural volume, shape and thickness is of critical importance. Methodologically, due to data quality, presence of noise, PV effects, limited resolution and pathological variability, the automated, robust and time-consistent estimation of morphometric features is still an unsolved problem. This thesis focuses on the development of tools for robust cross-sectional and longitudinal morphometric characterisation of the human cerebral cortex. It describes techniques for tissue segmentation, structural and morphometric characterisation, cross-sectional and longitudinally cortical thickness estimation from serial MRI images in both adults and neonates. Two new probabilistic brain tissue segmentation techniques are introduced in order to accurately and robustly segment the brain of elderly and neonatal subjects, even in the presence of marked pathology. Two other algorithms based on the concept of multi-atlas segmentation propagation and fusion are also introduced in order to parcelate the brain into its multiple composing structures with the highest possible segmentation accuracy. Finally, we explore the use of the Khalimsky cubic complex framework for the extraction of topologically correct thickness measurements from probabilistic segmentations without explicit parametrisation of the edge. A longitudinal extension of this method is also proposed. The work presented in this thesis has been extensively validated on elderly and neonatal data from several scanners, sequences and protocols. The proposed algorithms have also been successfully applied to breast and heart MRI, neck and colon CT and also to small animal imaging. All the algorithms presented in this thesis are available as part of the open-source package NiftySeg

Cytomegalovirus Infection in a Infant with Ventriculomegaly is ist Congenital or Postnatal?

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Hospitalization of Children with Rotavirus Infection

Introdução. A infecção por rotavírus é a principal causa de diarreia aguda em todo o mundo. Nos países desenvolvidos não constitui uma causa importante de morte, mas cursa com uma alta morbilidade. Objectivo. Caracterizar a infecção por rotavírus em crianças hospitalizadas em dois Departamentos de Pediatria de Lisboa. Material e métodos. Revisão casuística dos internamentos com o diagnóstico de infecção por rotavírus, num hospital central especializado e num hospital geral na Zona Metropolitana de Lisboa, entre Janeiro e Dezembro de 2005. O diagnóstico foi efectuado através da identificação de antigénios virais nas fezes por “enzyme immunoassay”. Resultados. Foram analisados 92 casos; 82% ocorreram entre Dezembro e Março e 52,8% em crianças entre os três e os doze meses. Em metade dos casos registou-se bom nível socio-económico. Os factores de risco epidemiológicos encontrados foram: frequência de instituição de ensino ou ama em 21/38 (55%), contacto com pessoas com sintomatologia semelhante em 10/53 (19%) e irmãos com idade inferior a cinco anos em 25/76 (33%) das crianças. As infecções nosocomiais foram responsáveis por 26% dos casos estudados. A clínica cursou com: diarreia aquosa (96%), vómitos (87%) e febre (69%). Ocorreram complicações em 19/92 (21%) crianças e estas foram mais frequentes em lactentes com menos de seis meses de idade (35% vs. 16%, p=0,058). A mediana da duração de internamento foi cinco dias e o custo hospitalar directo variou entre 629,63 e 2342,38 euros. Discussão. O número de internamentos por infecção por rotavírus, especialmente em lactentes, a frequência de infecções nosocomiais por este agente, as complicações inerentes e os elevados custos, reflectem a importância da infecção por este agente em países desenvolvidos como Portugal

Implementação de um Estudo de Efetividade da Vacina Contra a Gripe no Contexto Hospitalar em Portugal: Projeto EVA Hospital

Introduction: The project ‘Integrated Monitoring of Vaccines in Europe’ aimed to measure seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalised adults, aged 65 years and over, with influenza. We describe the protocol implementation in Portugal. Material and Methods: We implemented a test-negative design, targeting community-dwelling patients aged 65 years old and over hospitalised with severe acute respiratory illness. Patients were reverse transverse-polymerase chain reaction tested for influenza. Cases were those positive for influenza while others were controls. Most variables were collected using hospital medical records. Selection bias was evaluated by comparison with the laboratory influenza test requests database according to demographic characteristics. Crude, season-adjusted influenza vaccine effectiveness was estimated as = 1 – odds ratio, and 95% confidence intervals were obtained by conditional logistical regression, matched with the disease onset month. Results: The recruitment rate was 37.8%. Most participants (n = 368) were female (55.8%) and aged 80 years old and over (55.8%). This was similar to values for potentially eligible severe acute respiratory illness patients (80 years old and over: 56.8%, female: 56.2%). The proportion of missing values was below 2.5% for 20 variables and above 5% (maximum 11.6%) for six variables. Influenza vaccine effectiveness estimates were 62.1% against AH1pdm09 (95% confidence intervals: -28.1 to 88.8), 14.9% against A(H3N2) (95% confidence intervals: -69.6 to 57.3), 43.6% against B/Yam (95% confidence intervals: -66.2 to 80.8). Discussion: Given the non-existence of a coded admission database in either participating hospital the selection of severe acute respiratory illness due to clinical features was the feasible one. These results are only valid for the older adult population residing in the catchment area of the two participating hospitals who were admitted to a public hospital with severe influenza or SARI symptoms. Conclusion: Despite the low participation rate, we observed comparable characteristics of participants and eligible severe acute respiratory illness patients. Data quality was high, and influenza vaccine effectiveness results were in accordance with the results of meta-analyses and European season-specific estimates. The final sample size was low, which inhibited obtaining estimates with good precision.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Iodine Availability through Iodized Salt in Portugal: 2010-2021 Sales Evolution and Distribution

Salt iodization programs are considered the most cost-effective measures to ensure adequate iodine intake in iodine-deficient populations. Portuguese women of childbearing age and pregnant women were reported to be iodine-deficient, which led the health authorities, in 2013, to issue a recommendation for iodine supplementation during preconception, pregnancy and lactation. In the same year, iodized salt became mandatory in school canteens. Of note, no regulation or specific programs targeting the general population, or the impact of iodized salt availability in retailers, are known. The present study analyzed iodized salt supermarket sales from 2010 to 2021 from a major retailer, identifying the proportion of iodized salt in total salt sales and its distribution in mainland Portugal. Data on iodine content were collected through the nutritional label information. Of a total of 33 salt products identified, 3 were iodized (9%). From 2010 to 2021, the weighted sales of iodized salt presented a growing tendency, reaching the maximum of 10.9% of total sales (coarse plus fine salt) in 2021. Iodized salt reached a maximum of 11.6% of total coarse salt in 2021, a maximum of 2.4% of the total fine salt in 2018. The overall sales of iodized salt and their contribution to iodine intake are extremely low, prompting additional studies to understand the consumer's choice and awareness of the benefits of iodized salt