An interindustry analysis of Tennessee with emphasis on agriculture

This study was concerned with the interrelationships of agricul-ture and agricultural related industries and nonagricultural industries in the Tennessee economy. The principal objective of the study was to establish quantitative measures of those interrelationships and to interpret the economic significance of the interrelationships. The method adopted to establish these interrelationships was the basic Leontief input-output model using linear and homogeneous production functions. The Leontief model involved four mathematical procedures. First, the flow table,/u\u3e was constructed to show how and to what extent goods and services were distributed in the Tennessee economy. Second, a matrix of technical coefficients was computed to demonstrate the input-structures of all producing sectors. Third, a matrix of interdependence coefficients was computed in order to measure direct and indirect rela-tionships between all sectors. And fourth, unit and weighted final demand multipliers were computed to measure sectorial influence on the state and regional economies. This study used two variations of the Leontief input-output model. The first model was a statewide model defining thirty-four intermediate sectors and five final demand sectors. The second variation was an interregional model which divided the State of Tennessee into three regions: east, middle, and west. The interregional model included nineteen intermediate sectors and eleven final demand sectors. The statewide and interregional flow tables revealed that goods and services produced by intermediate producing sectors in the state flow more westward than eastward. The flow tables also revealed that the Tennessee economy is final demand orientated. The statewide and interregional technical coefficients implied that manufacturing and service sectors in the state imported a large part of their inputs; a result which coincided with the implications of the flow tables. The interdependence coefficients revealed that the intermediate producing forces in the state are not extensively linked together. Neither direct nor indirect relationships were, in general, very great. But there was some measurable, indirect relationship between all sectors in the economy. The unit multipliers revealed that primary agriculture and agricultural processing sectors had larger unit multipliers, in general, than manufac-turing and service sectors. However, manufacturing and service sectors, in general, had larger weighted final demand multipliers than primary agriculture and agricultural processing sectors. The general conclusion of the study was that the role played by agriculture in the state economy would be grossly underestimated if only direct interrelationships were taken into consideration

The impact of industrial development on Lawrence County, Tennessee

Industrial development affects key economic variables in an economy. All variables will not be affected evenly. Some effects of industrial development will be good for the people involved. Other effects will involve changes that will be costly to the people involved. The question of industrial development is a vital one today for rural communities. Civic leaders have dual goals in promoting industrial development. They seek to broaden the local property tax base while providing employment opportunities for a growing population. These local leaders use different means to acquire new industry. Some local leaders buy up land sites to donate to new industry. Buildings are often provided to new industry for little or no rent. These leaders believe that the whole economy will benefit in the long run. They realize that new industry will boost the economy\u27s income stream. They know that without new investment, the income stream will never increase. Some people doubt the importance of new investment. The naturalists say industry will ruin the peace and beauty of the rural landscape. The conservatives claim that industrialization weakens the family farm position--leading to lower morals and higher crime rates. Various kinds of studies have attempted to show the different effects of industrialization. Usually, a study is based upon one effect of industrialization. But, none of the studies examined by this author deal with an overall measurement of the effects of new industry. To do so, one would have to measure economic variables on the same scale with social variables. In this study, we were only interested in the economic variables--the growth effects brought about by new industry. It was assumed in this study that there is a relationship between new investment and other economic variables. Investment is considered the prime factor in economic growth. Other variables are a result of new investment. Here, the author wishes to define new investment as autonomous-- making new investment independent of present economic activities. This assumption does not imply that autonomous investment is more important than accelerated investment--new Investment in existing economic activities. This study intends to highlight the role of investment in economic growth

Faint dwarf galaxies in the Next Generation Virgo cluster Survey

The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS) is a CFHT Large Program that is using the wide field of view capabilities of the MegaCam camera to map the entire Virgo Cluster from its core to virial radius. The observing strategy has been optimized to detect very low surface brightness structures in the cluster, including intracluster stellar streams and faint dwarf spheroidal galaxies. We present here the current status of this ongoing survey, with an emphasis on the detection and analysis of the very low-mass galaxies in the cluster that have been revealed by the NGVS.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, Conference Proceedings: "A Universe of Dwarf Galaxies", 14-18 June 2010, Lyon, Franc

Treatment outcomes for patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in post-earthquake Port-au-Prince, Haiti.

We report outcomes and 12-month survival for the first cohort of patients to undergo multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment after the earthquake in Haiti. From March 3, 2010 to March 28, 2013, 110 patients initiated treatment of laboratory-confirmed MDR-TB at the Groupe Haïtien d'Etude du Sarcome de Kaposi et des Infections Opportunistes (GHESKIO) Center in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Twenty-seven patients (25%) were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive. As of October 31, 2013, 95 (86%) patients were either cured or alive on treatment, 4 (4%) patients defaulted, and 11 (10%) patients died. Culture conversion occurred by 30 days in 14 (13%) patients, 60 days in 49 (45%) patients, and 90 days in 81 (74%) patients. The probabilities of survival to 12 months were 96% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 89-99) and 85% (95% CI = 64-94) for HIV-negative and -positive patients, respectively. Despite adverse conditions, outcomes for patients with MDR-TB are highly encouraging. Major efforts are underway to scale up community directly observed therapy and expand care to other regions of Haiti

The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. XII. Stellar Populations and Kinematics of Compact, Low-Mass Early-Type Galaxies from Gemini GMOS-IFU Spectroscopy

We present Gemini GMOS-IFU data of eight compact low-mass early-type galaxies (ETGs) in the Virgo cluster. We analyse their stellar kinematics, stellar population, and present two-dimensional maps of these properties covering the central 5"x 7" region. We find a large variety of kinematics: from non- to highly-rotating objects, often associated with underlying disky isophotes revealed by deep images from the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. In half of our objects, we find a centrally-concentrated younger and more metal-rich stellar population. We analyze the specific stellar angular momentum through the lambdaR parameter and find six fast-rotators and two slow-rotators, one having a thin counter-rotating disk. We compare the local galaxy density and stellar populations of our objects with those of 39 more extended low-mass Virgo ETGs from the SMAKCED survey and 260 massive ($M>10^{10}$\Msun) ETGs from the A3D sample. The compact low-mass ETGs in our sample are located in high density regions, often close to a massive galaxy and have, on average, older and more metal-rich stellar populations than less compact low-mass galaxies. We find that the stellar population parameters follow lines of constant velocity dispersion in the mass-size plane, smoothly extending the comparable trends found for massive ETGs. Our study supports a scenario where low-mass compact ETGs have experienced long-lived interactions with their environment, including ram-pressure stripping and gravitational tidal forces, that may be responsible for their compact nature.Comment: Accepted in ApJ, 19 pages, 10 figure

The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. IX. Estimating the Efficiency of Galaxy Formation on the Lowest-Mass Scales

The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey has recently determined the luminosity function of galaxies in the core of the Virgo cluster down to unprecedented magnitude and surface brightness limits. Comparing simulations of cluster formation to the derived central stellar mass function, we attempt to estimate the stellar-to-halo-mass ratio (SHMR) for dwarf galaxies, as it would have been before they fell into the cluster. This approach ignores several details and complications, e.g., the contribution of ongoing star formation to the present-day stellar mass of cluster members, and the effects of adiabatic contraction and/or violent feedback on the subhalo and cluster potentials. The final results are startlingly simple, however; we find that the trends in the SHMR determined previously for bright galaxies appear to extend down in a scale-invariant way to the faintest objects detected in the survey. These results extend measurements of the formation efficiency of field galaxies by two decades in halo mass, or five decades in stellar mass, down to some of the least massive dwarf galaxies known, with stellar masses of $\sim 10^5 M_\odot$.Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures; published in ApJ July 1st 201

Low serum sodium level during cardiopulmonary bypass predicts increased risk of postoperative stroke after coronary artery bypass graft surgery

ObjectiveRapid decreases in serum sodium levels are associated with altered mental status, seizures, and coma. During cardiac surgery, serum sodium levels decrease rapidly when cardiopulmonary bypass is initiated because cardiopulmonary bypass causes hemodilution. However, whether this decrease influences neurologic outcome after cardiac surgery remains unclear. We investigated whether the average serum sodium level during cardiopulmonary bypass is independently predictive of postoperative stroke or 30-day all-cause mortality in patients who undergo primary coronary artery bypass grafting.MethodsIn a single-institution, retrospective cohort of 2348 consecutive patients who underwent primary, isolated coronary artery bypass grafting, sequential multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the threshold below which the average serum sodium level during cardiopulmonary bypass independently predicts postoperative stroke or early death. To further test the validity of this threshold and to control for selection bias, stepwise multivariate logistic regression was also performed on propensity score–matched patients (n = 924).ResultsAn average serum sodium level less than 130 mEq/L during cardiopulmonary bypass was independently predictive of stroke, both in the entire study cohort (1.44% vs 2.92%; odds ratio, 2.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-4.1; P = .03) and in the propensity-matched patients (0.9% vs 3.0%; odds ratio, 4.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-13.0; P = .02). The average serum sodium level during cardiopulmonary bypass was not independently associated with early death, regardless of what threshold value was used.ConclusionsAn average serum sodium level of less than 130 mEq/L during cardiopulmonary bypass is independently associated with an increased risk of postoperative stroke in patients who undergo primary coronary artery bypass grafting