Profilaktyka uzależnień w szkole

Poradnik zawiera podstawową wiedzę o profilaktyce uzależnień w szkole oraz podpowiedź merytoryczną i metodologiczną dla wychowawców i nauczyciel

O systemowych rozwiązaniach w pracy z uczniem zdolnym

Wywiad z Aleksandrą Kowalik i Jerzym Barskim (radcami ministra oświaty) na temat projektu systemowego „Opracowanie i wdrożenie kompleksowego systemu pracy z uczniem zdolnym”

Detecting continuous lichen abundance for mapping winter caribou forage at landscape spatial scales

Spatial variation of available food resources can be difficult to accurately quantify for wide ranging organisms at landscape scales. Lichens with usnic acid, a yellowish pigment, constitute a large portion of caribou winter diet across much of their range. We take a new approach of modeling lichen abundances by capitalizing on unique spectral characteristics of usnic acid lichens. We utilize a recently completed ground reference vegetation data set extending over 12,000 km2 in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska to model the abundance of usnic lichen and other forage vegetation groups. Spectral signatures were obtained for more than 700 vegetation monitoring plots in Denali from Landsat 7 ETM+ imagery. We fit models of the absolute percent cover of vegetation groups corresponding to caribou diet items, with a focus on lichens. We used non-parametric multiplicative regression to capture the non-linear relationships between vegetation cover and spectral and environmental data. Different groupings of lichen cover were tried as response variables in addition to usnic lichens to see if other lichen color groups were more detectable. The best fitting lichen model was for usnic acid lichens, which explained 37% of the variation using only three predictors (elevation, bands 1 and 7). Elevation had a non-linear, double-humped shaped relationship to usnic lichen abundance while bands 1 and 7 were positively correlated with usnic lichen cover. These results support previous spectroradiometric ground measurements that indicated usnic lichens were distinctive at those wavelengths. Other vegetation groups had models that explained between 31% and 51% of the variation in cover. Maps of estimated abundance of usnic lichens and other vegetation groups covering the northern half of Denali were generated using our models. These maps enable the study of the role of food resources as a continuous resource in winter habitat selection by caribou, rather than assuming food as a coarser, categorical or thematic variable assigned to discrete areas of the landscape as has been done in most previous studies.Keywords: Forage, Mapping, Landsat 7, Lichen, Rangifer tarandus, Cladonia, Usnic acid, Spectra

Nonsurgical closure of femoral pseudoaneurysms complicating cardiac catheterization and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

AbstractObjectives. This study was performed to describe the initial experience and follow-up of ultrasound-guided compression of pseudoaneurysms in patients receiving systemic anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy, or both, after recent cardiac catheterization or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.Background. Femoral artery pseudoaneurysm formation after an interventional procedure is becoming more common as larger caliber catheters and prolonged anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy are being used. Traditional treatment of this complication has been surgical repair. This study describes a new method of closing femoral pseudoaneurysms by using external compression guided by Doppler color flow imaging.Methods. Fifteen patients, 3 undergoing cardiac catheterization and 12 undergoing coronary angioplasty, developed an expansile groin mass at the vascular access site diagnosed as a femoral artery pseudoaneurysm by Doppler ultrasound. Seven of the patients had undergone coronary stenting and were receiving postprocedural anticoagulant therapy. These patients underwent progressive graded mechanical (C-clamp) external compression guided by ultrasound. The mechanical compression was titrated to obliterate the vascular tracts to these aneurysms and maintain adequate flow in the femoral artery.Results. After an average compression time of 30 min (range 10 to 120), these tracts remained closed. Follow-up ultrasound examination at 24 h or later confirmed continued closure in all. Conclusions. This study suggests that nonsurgical closure of femoral pseudoaneurysms is feasible. This technique may be valuable in managing vascular access-related complications after diagnostic and interventional procedures, even in patients requiring prolonged anticoagulant therapy

The Arctic

peer reviewe

MODIS Satellite vegetation indices over partially vegetated pixels on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska

Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2005The performance and response of the MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) were evaluated over the Arctic coastal plain of Alaska. At the 250-l000-m resolution of moderate resolution sensors, a substantial portion of this landscape is a mixture of vegetated and non-vegetated cover types. Single-date MODIS swath scenes were used because of the higher geolocation accuracy, lack of radiometric artifacts, and temporal specificity. A higher resolution earth cover classification was used to sample pixels with a mixture of vegetation, water, and barren ground. The MODIS NDVI and EVI were compared to aggregated Landsat ETM+ NDVI. The subpixel ETM+ NDVI was a good predictor of the MODIS EVI in all mixed pixels, and of the MODIS NDVI in mixed vegetation and barren ground pixels. In these cases a simple linear relationship between subpixel ETM+ NDVI and the MODIS vegetation indices was observed. In the mixed pixels with vegetation and water, the MODIS NDVI had a curvilinear response to the ETM+ NDVI and the performance decreased as the subpixel water fraction increased. Spectral mixture modeling was then applied to synthesize mixed pixel spectral values and plot the response of the MODIS vegetation indices to subpixel non-vegetated fractions. The MODIS NDVI had a highly variable response to subpixel fractions of different non-vegetated backgrounds, while the MODIS EVI was fairly insensitive to background type. The models also suggest that large changes in observed NDVI values could occur due to changes in the spectral characteristics of the non-vegetated portion of a pixel-in particular, the conversion of ice to water in subpixel water fractions.Introduction -- MODIS data formats and processing algorithms : considerations for Alaska -- Performance of MODIS NDVI and EVI over partially vegetated pixels on the Arctic coastal plain of Alaska -- Performance of MODIS NDVI and EVI over partially vegetated pixels on the Arctic coastal plain of Alaska -- Modeling the response of MODIS NDVI and EVI over mixed pixels in Arctic Alaska with spectral mixture models -- Conclusions