Lyapunov exponents for infinite dimensional dynamical systems

Classically it was held that solutions to deterministic partial differential equations (i.e., ones with smooth coefficients and boundary data) could become random only through one mechanism, namely by the activation of more and more of the infinite number of degrees of freedom that are available to such a system. It is only recently that researchers have come to suspect that many infinite dimensional nonlinear systems may in fact possess finite dimensional chaotic attractors. Lyapunov exponents provide a tool for probing the nature of these attractors. This paper examines how these exponents might be measured for infinite dimensional systems

Translating y Cofnod: translation policy and the official status of the Welsh language in Wales

It might safely be said that no issue is as politically contentious in Wales as that of the status of the Welsh language in society in general and in public life in particular, along with its relationship to the English language. This article draws upon a range of papers from within the National Assembly for Wales (NAfW) and the Welsh Government, some of which have been made available only as a result of a series of Freedom of Information (FOI) requests, in its careful examination of how the translation policy of the Welsh Assembly became the subject of a very excited and divisive public row. Moreover, the article shows how this translation problem evolved into a matter of constitutional difficulty, as yet unresolved, at the highest level of public life in Wales

Learning to Put Everyday Creativity, Semiotics and Critical Visual Literacy Using Inquiry Graphics (IG) Visual Analysis to Work in Social Care

This article argues that despite CORU’s recognition of Creative Arts as integral to Social Care Practice, there are ‘pedagogical, theoretical and practice gaps’, which might be addressed through a ‘process orientated novel creative pedagogy’ (PONCP) introduced in this paper. The PONCP is built on two tenets, firstly that creative expression is not just for professional artists – everyone is capable of creative expression, though cultural messages make us believe otherwise, and secondly engaging in creative practice is therapeutic in varying degrees from passing time productively to psychoanalytic engagement. A curriculum is proposed comprising: edusemiotics (the interpretation and creation of meaning), multimodality (the use of different modes / tools of/for expression) and Inquiry Graphics (a tool for critical analysis of photographs) (Lacković, 2010, 2020). Through this PONCP the author hopes to establish a terrain for future research and elaboration, and to develop creative, reflective and analytic capabilities for effective, high-quality practice with service users. The PONCP aims to support social care creative work by promoting everyday creativity and imagination as an affirming expressive and adaptive ability through understanding how ‘signs’ construct meaning and therefore learning. By critically reading and analysing the visual world through ‘signs’, socially constructed ideologies and accepted visual meaning can be challenged revealing hidden truths. Overall this may serve to enhance professional practice as well as professional critical appraisal in keeping with the CORU Standards of Proficiency

Adolygiad o Waith y Mentrau Iaith, y Cynlluniau Gweithredu Iaith a Chynllun Hybu'r Gymraeg Aman Tawe/A review of the work of Mentrau Iaith, Language Action Plans and the Aman Tawe Language Promotion Scheme

Yn mis Mawrth 2013 comisiynwyd Prifysgol Caerdydd gan Lywodraeth Cymru i gynnal Adolygiad annibynnol o waith y Mentrau Iaith, y Cynlluniau Gweithredu Iaith a Chynllun Hybu’r Gymraeg Aman Tawe (‘y sefydliadau’). Bu’r Brifysgol yn cydweithio gyda Chwmni Sbectrwm Cyf ar hyd y broses ymchwil. Yn gryno, nod yr Adolygiad annibynnol yw llunio adroddiad i Lywodraeth Cymru ynghylch nifer o faterion gan gynnwys: • y dulliau a ddefnyddir gan y sefydliadau i hyrwyddo a hwyluso’r defnydd o’r Gymraeg; • adnabod yr ystod gyfan o weithgareddau a gynhelir gan y sefydliadau—ac asesu i ba raddau maent yn adlewyrchu anghenion lleol, ac i ba raddau mae’r sefydliadau’n casglu data yn effeithiol mewn ymgais i asesu effaith gweithgareddau; • a yw strwythurau’r sefydliadau’n sicrhau gweithio effeithiol, gweithio mewn partner-iaeth a rhannu arfer da; • faint o botensial sydd i ddatblygu rôl y mentrau ymhellach; • a yw’r mentrau yn gwneud gwaith y dylai eraill fod yn ei wneud (fel awdurdodau lleol); • a yw lefel y cyllid a roddir gan Lywodraeth Cymru yn briodol. Mae’r Adolygiad hwn yn seiliedig ar dystiolaeth a ddarparwyd i’r tîm ymchwil drwy holiaduron, cyfweliadau a dogfennaeth gan y sefydliadau. Ceir 23 Menter Iaith yng Nghymru. Maent wedi tyfu mewn modd organig, mewn gwa-hanol gyd-destunau ieithyddol a daearyddol, yn bennaf ar lefel sirol neu rannol sirol. O’r herwydd ni ellir bellach gyfeirio atynt fel un endid, ond yn hytrach fel casgliad o wahanol weithgareddau a strwythurau a elwir yn Fentrau Iaith. Cryfder amlycaf y math hwn o sef-ydliad yw bod gwreiddiau’r Mentrau Iaith yn ddwfn o fewn y cymunedau. Erbyn hyn, fodd bynnag, nid yw’n deg gofyn iddynt gyflawni’r holl swyddogaethau y mae disgwyl cyffredinol iddynt eu cyflawni. Ni allant fod yn bopeth ieithyddol i bawb. Mae’r cysyniad o’r tri model o gynllunio ieithyddol y mae’r Adolygiad hwn wedi eu hastudio (Mentrau Iaith, Cynlluniau Gweithredu Iaith, Cynllun Datblygu Ardal), hyd y gwelwn, yn unigryw i Gymru. Mae 5 Cynllun Gweithredu Iaith yn weithredol yng Nghymru ar hyn o bryd. Yn wreiddiol, sefydlwyd Cynlluniau Gweithredu Iaith i gydgysylltu ymdrechion hybu ieithyddol mewn sefyllfaoedd trefol lle yr oedd y Gymraeg yn colli tir a lle nad oedd yr egni cymunedol yn ddigonol i gynorthwyo i adfer y Gymraeg. Ceir un Cynllun Datblygu Ardal yng Nghymru, sef Cynllun Hyrwyddo’r Gymraeg Aman Tawe. Fe’i sefydlwyd er mwyn chwilio am fodel newydd o gynllunio cymunedol trawsffiniol (mae’n pontio tair sir) a fyddai’n cynnwys yr holl elfennau cymunedol o fewn y broses adfer iaith gan gynnwys maes addysg, yr economi, ynghyd â chynyddu defnydd o’r iaith ymysg pobl ifanc. ________________________________ In March 2013, Cardiff University was commissioned by the Welsh Government to conduct an independent Review of the work of the Mentrau Iaith, the Language Action Plans and the Aman Tawe Language Promotion Scheme (‘the organisations’). The University worked with Sbectrwm Consultancy throughout the research process. In summary, the aim of the independent Review is to prepare a report for the Welsh Government on a number of matters, including: • the methods used by the organisations to promote and facilitate the use of Welsh; • identifying the whole range of activities conducted by the organisations—and assessing to what extent they reflect local needs, and to what extent the organisations collect data effectively in order to assess the impact of activities; • do the organisations’ structures ensure effective working, partnership working and sharing of good practice; • the potential to further develop the role of the Mentrau; • are the Mentrau doing work that should be done by others (such as local authorities); • is the level of funding provided by the Welsh Government appropriate. This Review is based on evidence provided to the research team through questionnaires, interviews and documentation provided by the organisations. There are 23 Mentrau Iaith in Wales. They have grown organically, in varying linguistic and geographic contexts, primarily on a county or part-county basis. As a result they can no longer be referred to as one entity, but as a collection of activities and structures that are called Mentrau Iaith. The most prominent strength of this type of organisation is the fact that the Mentrau Iaith are rooted in their communities. However, it is no longer fair to expect them to achieve all the functions they are generally expected to achieve. They cannot be all things Welsh language to all people. The concept of three models of language planning studied by this Review (Mentrau Iaith, Language Action Plans, Area Development Scheme), as far as we see, is unique to Wales. Five Language Action Plans are currently operational in Wales. Originally, Language Action Plans were established to coordinate language promotion efforts in urban areas where the Welsh language was losing ground and where community energy wasn’t considered sufficient to revive the language. There is one Area Development Scheme in Wales, the Aman Tawe Language Promotion Scheme. It was established in order to find a new model of cross-border community planning (it spans three counties) which would include all the community elements within the language revival process including the areas of education, economy and increasing the language’s use among young people

What to do with all these Bayes factors: How to make Bayesian reports in deception research more informative

Bayes factors quantify the evidence in support of the null (absence of an effect) or the alternative hypothesis (presence of an effect). Based on commonly used cut-offs, Bayes factors between 1/3 and 3 are interpreted as evidentially weak, and one typically concludes there is an absence of evidence. In this commentary on Warmelink, Subramanian, Tkacheva, and McLatchie (Legal Criminol Psychol 24, 2019, 258), we discuss how a Bayesian report can be made more informative. Firstly, this implies a departure from the labels provided by commonly used cut-offs when reporting Bayes factors. Instead, we encourage researchers to report the value of the Bayes factors, or to

An Editorial Comment: Speech Acts and Feidhmchláir

The study of translation in Ireland has been, and indeed remains, much concerned with two domains of language – literature and public administration. For a minority, or minoritized, language such as Irish, these domains are, of course, extremely important in elevating the status of the language in society. The various papers in this edition rightly reflect this. But, some of the activity that sustains the vitality of any language is a much more prosaic affair. After all, no less an authority ..

Interview with Ailbhe Ní Bhriain

Ailbhe Ní Bhriain is an Irish artist working with film, photography and installation. Using collage and computer-generated imagery (CGI), she transforms familiar images and locations into worlds of dream-like theatricality, drawing the viewer into an altered experience of time and place. Her work has been exhibited widely both nationally and internationally and regularly involves collaboration with musicians and composers. She holds a PhD by practice in Fine Art, Kingston University, UK (2008..

Yeatsian Shades In Ó Direáin and Macgill-Eain

Michael Hartnett’s grandiloquent valediction ‘A Farewell to English’, first delivered from the stage of the Peacock Theatre in Dublin in 1974, announced the thirty-three year-old poet’s decision to cease publishing in his native English, the language in which he had already earned a considerable reputation, in order to devote himself henceforth to poetry in Irish