The Vulnerability of European Roma to the Socioeconomic Crisis Triggered by the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The Roma are the most significant ethnic minority in the EU, subject to severe discrimination, social exclusion, and poverty. Due to their deplorable living conditions, isolation, and widespread antigypsyism, Roma are among the most affected by the socioeconomic crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. This article aims to assess the impact of this crisis on the Roma population from a multidimensional perspective. A thematic review of recent studies and reports on the pandemic’s effects on the Roma ethnic minority in Europe was carried out. In this work, the COVID-19 pandemic has been identified as a new global factor that influences the pre-existing exclusion dynamics and Roma mobility within Europe. Results show that these precarious living conditions have deteriorated to alarming levels in most European countries, leading to increased food insecurity and new forms of discrimination and stigmatization. The Roma ethnic minority has been disproportionately affected by mobility restrictions imposed by COVID-19. In all European nations, racist and xenophobic attitudes toward the Roma ethnic minority have increased during the socioeconomic and health crisis. The pandemic has intensified a process of ethnicization, fostering anti-Roma sentiment among the general population.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Un modelo alternativo a la formación reglada: las escuelas de segunda oportunidad en la provincia de Málaga

Esta investigación sobre las Escuelas de Segunda Oportunidad en la provincia de Málaga (E2O), no sólo ha permitido conocer el perfil de los participantes y sus características, sino a la vez detectar fortalezas y debilidades. Poniendo de manifiesto que la intervención con el colectivo que abandona el sistema educativo, requiere de acciones psico socio educativas, ante situaciones previas que originan la separación del menor del sistema, por tanto el abordaje de acciones preventivas sobre las causas analizadas y concluyentes de este estudio, contribuirían a seguir disminuyendo las tasas de abandono escolar, no sólo para alcanzar el 9% antes de 2030 requerido por la Unión Europea, sino para constituir sociedades cohesionadas socialmente desde la educación

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Ante la necesidad de ser escuchado: diálogo presencial y online. Propuesta de proyecto.

El proyecto aquí presentado pretende generar un servicio de apoyo, asesoramiento y acompañamiento para personas sin hogar, que sirva para incrementar y mejorar su bienestar y calidad de vida a través de la generación de un espacio de diálogo e interacción social, allí donde se encuentran, la calle, en el que el aprovechamiento de los recursos públicos sea mayor y puedan verse cubiertas sus necesidades emocionales, a la vez que impulsar el sentimiento de convivencia y participación social. Siendo la población diana y/o preferente, dentro de este colectivo, aquella que en muchas de las ocasiones no es usuaria de los recursos existentes. Las necesidades más básicas del colectivo de personas sin hogar son las que de manera más prioritaria y urgente y desde una perspectiva obvia, se podría indicar de carácter humanitario, se vienen atendiendo. Desde el aseo, a facilitar una alimentación o el poder dormir. Pero sin embargo aspectos relacionales, convivenciales y de carácter personal, se suelen situar en un segundo nivel, más si la persona se encuentra en un proceso de calle acudiendo de manera puntual a algún recurso específico o a ninguno de ellos, es esta realidad el objeto de la intervención.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Radicalisationin Immigrant Youth: Differential Influence Analysis of Psychosocial Factors

La radicalización de jóvenes inmigrantes en Europa constituye un fenómeno de relevancia en el ámbito científico y político. El estudio analiza el grado de consenso sobre la influencia diferencial en el proceso de radicalización de diversos grupos de factores (actitudinales, contextuales, históricos y protectores), mayoritariamente incluidos en el VERA-2, relacionados con diversas categorías sociodemográficas y los procesos de radicalización en la opinión y acción. Aplicando la metodología de análisis Delphi, los resultados apuntan la dificultad de alcanzar consenso sobre la influencia diferencial de los factores que inciden en la radicalización de jóvenes migrantes. Este consenso se revela adecuado respecto a la distinción entre radicalización en la acción y en la opinión, mostrándose la multiplicidad de factores influyentes, en especial en la radicalización en la opinión. Las intervenciones orientadas al ámbito actitudinal, rechazo y prevención de la violencia, junto a políticas activas de inclusión social, y espacios de diálogo intercultural y participación comunitaria se plantean como líneas de trabajo a reforzar para prevenir la radicalización de jóvenes inmigrantes

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)