Neuroinflammation alters cellular proteostasis by producing endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy activation and disrupting ERAD activation

Proteostasis alteration and neuroinflammation are typical features of normal aging. We have previously shown that neuroinflammation alters cellular proteostasis through immunoproteasome induction, leading to a transient decrease of proteasome activity. Here, we further investigated the role of acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation in cellular proteostasis. In particular, we focused on macroautophagy (hereinafter called autophagy) and endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD). We demonstrate that LPS injection induced autophagy activation that was dependent, at least in part, on glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β activity but independent of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition. Neuroinflammation also produced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress leading to canonical unfolded protein response (UPR) activation with a rapid activating transcription factor (ATF) 6α attenuation that resulted in a time-dependent down-regulation of ERAD markers. In this regard, the time-dependent accumulation of unspliced X-box binding protein (XBP) 1, likely because of decreased inositol-requiring enzyme (IRE) 1α-mediated splicing activity, might underlie in vivo ATF6α attenuation. Importantly, lactacystin-induced activation of ERAD was abolished in both the acute neuroinflammation model and in aged rats. Therefore, we provide a cellular pathway through which neuroinflammation might sensitize cells to neurodegeneration under stress situations, being relevant in normal aging and other disorders where neuroinflammation is a characteristic featureUnión Europea PI12/00445Unión Europea ERDF PI12/0044

Biostimulant Capacity of an Enzymatic Extract From Rice Bran Against Ozone-Induced Damage in Capsicum annum

Ozone is a destructive pollutant, damaging crops, and decreasing crop yield. Therefore, there is great interest in finding strategies to alleviate ozone-induced crop losses. In plants, ozone enters leaves through the stomata and is immediately degraded into reactive oxygen species (ROS), producing ROS stress in plants. ROS stress can be controlled by ROS-scavenging systems that include enzymatic or non-enzymatic mechanisms. Our research group has developed a product from rice bran, a byproduct of rice milling which has bioactive molecules that act as an antioxidant compound. This product is a water-soluble rice bran enzymatic extract (RBEE) which preserves all the properties and improves the solubility of proteins and the antioxidant components of rice bran. In previous works, the beneficial properties of RBEE have been demonstrated in animals. However, to date, RBEE has not been used as a protective agent against oxidative damage in agricultural fields. The main goal of this study was to investigate the ability of RBEE to be used as a biostimulant by preventing oxidative damage in plants, after ozone exposure. To perform this investigation, pepper plants (Capsicum annuum) exposed to ozone were treated with RBEE. RBEE protected the ozone-induced damage, as revealed by net photosynthetic rate and the content of photosynthetic pigments. RBEE also decreased the induction of antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase) due to ozone exposure. ROS generation is a common consequence of diverse cellular traumas that also activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. Thus, it is known that the ozone damages are triggered by the MAPK cascade. To examine the involvement of the MAPK cascade in the ozone damage CaMPK6-1, CaMPK6-2, and CaMKK5 genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results showed the involvement of the MAPK pathway in both, not only in ozone damage but especially in its protection by RBEE. Taken together, these results support that RBEE protects plants against ozone exposure and its use as a new biostimulant could be proposed

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Anales del III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad "Debate en torno a la nueva agenda urbana"

Acta de congresoEl III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad “Debates en torno a la NUEVa Agenda Urbana”, ha sido una apuesta de alto compromiso por acercar los debates centrales y urgentes que tensionan el pleno ejercicio del derecho a la ciudad. Para ello las instituciones organizadoras (INVIHAB –Instituto de Investigación de Vivienda y Hábitat y MGyDH-Maestría en Gestión y Desarrollo Habitacional-1), hemos convidado un espacio que se concretó con potencia en un debate transdisciplinario. Convocó a intelectuales de prestigio internacional, investigadores, académicos y gestores estatales, y en una metodología de innovación articuló las voces académicas con las de las organizaciones sociales y/o barriales en el Foro de las Organizaciones Sociales que tuvo su espacio propio para dar voz a quienes están trabajando en los desafíos para garantizar los derechos a la vivienda y los bienes urbanos en nuestras ciudades del Siglo XXI

Biochemical and Microbiological Soil Effects of a Biostimulant Based on Bacillus licheniformis-Fermented Sludge

Biostimulants are substances and/or microorganisms that are applied to plants or to the rhizosphere in order to enhance the natural process improving the absorption of nutrients and the quality of crops as well as the tolerance to abiotic stresses. A new biostimulant was developed from sewage sludge through its fermentation with Bacillus licheniformis as a plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). The fermented product includes three classes of biostimulant components: the B. licheniformis biomass; the enzymatic secretion of said microorganism, which are mainly peptidases and amidases related to nitrogen metabolism and glucanases, related to carbohydrate metabolism; and finally, the hydrolyzed sludge organic matter, with a high content of protein hydrolysates. The biostimulant was evaluated in soil at the biochemical (enzymatic activities) and microbiological levels (metabarcoding analysis). Metabarcoding analysis revealed that the biostimulant complex, mainly the soluble fraction containing the Bacillus multienzyme complex and protein hydrolysate, induced PGPB soil bacteria, and it was detected that the inoculation in the soil of B. licheniformis remained active throughout the study. These results show the fermentation process with B. licheniformis as an interesting option for the total valorization of activated sewage sludge aimed at obtaining products of agronomic/environmental interest

Biochemical and Microbiological Soil Effects of a Biostimulant Based on Bacillus licheniformis-Fermented Sludge

Biostimulants are substances and/or microorganisms that are applied to plants or to the rhizosphere in order to enhance the natural process improving the absorption of nutrients and the quality of crops as well as the tolerance to abiotic stresses. A new biostimulant was developed from sewage sludge through its fermentation with Bacillus licheniformis as a plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). The fermented product includes three classes of biostimulant components: the B. licheniformis biomass; the enzymatic secretion of said microorganism, which are mainly peptidases and amidases related to nitrogen metabolism and glucanases, related to carbohydrate metabolism; and finally, the hydrolyzed sludge organic matter, with a high content of protein hydrolysates. The biostimulant was evaluated in soil at the biochemical (enzymatic activities) and microbiological levels (metabarcoding analysis). Metabarcoding analysis revealed that the biostimulant complex, mainly the soluble fraction containing the Bacillus multienzyme complex and protein hydrolysate, induced PGPB soil bacteria, and it was detected that the inoculation in the soil of B. licheniformis remained active throughout the study. These results show the fermentation process with B. licheniformis as an interesting option for the total valorization of activated sewage sludge aimed at obtaining products of agronomic/environmental interest.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación RTI2018-097425-B10

Experiencias de trabajo compartido en el aula : una propuesta de INVADIV

Se recogen una serie de trabajos que analizan tanto el aprendizaje en grupo como la estrategia de trabajo en el aula universitaria como cuestiones relacionadas con la web Invadiv como recurso didáctico, el aprendizaje cooperativo, la atención a la diversidad, los nuevos caminos hacia una Europa inclusiva, la coeducación, las experiencias derivadas de programas de apoyo y refuerzo y otras propuestas metodológicas.AndalucíaBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]

The immunogenetic diversity of the HLA system in Mexico correlates with underlying population genetic structure

International audienc

La evaluación colegiada de las competencias básicas en la Comunidad Autónoma de Canarias : hacia un modelo de escuela inclusiva y sostenible

Precede al título: Educación Primaria y Educación Secundaria ObligatoriaLa Ley Orgánica de Educación (LOE) introduce el concepto de «competencias básicas» como eje articulador del currículo, conectando de pleno con las reflexiones y las estrategias que se están desarrollando en otros sistemas educativos internacionales a la luz del informe Delors (1996), el documento DeSeCo (Definición y Selección de Competencias fundamentales) elaborado por la OCDE, de las evaluaciones PISA (Programa para la Evaluación Internacional del Alumnado), etc. Esta propuesta centra el foco en la dimensión formativa de la «evaluación», aspecto inacabado con la LOGSE (Ley Orgánica General del Sistema Educativo), a pesar de los esfuerzos realizados en esa dirección. Trabajar en las aulas para la consecución de las «competencias básicas» lleva ineludiblemente al problema de cómo evaluarlas de forma colegiada —cuando la propia ordenación del sistema educativo fragmenta cada una de las enseñanzas en diferentes áreas o materias— y de cómo emplear la información que proporciona esta labor para hacer valer el sentido formativo y regulador que debe tener la evaluación de las competencias básicas.Consejería de Educación y Universidades. Dirección General de Ordenación, Innovación y Promoción Educativa; Avda. Buenos Aires, 5; 38071 Tenerife; Tel. +34922592592; Fax +34922592570; [email protected]