3,751 research outputs found
A luminosity monitor for the A4 parity violation experiment at MAMI
A water Cherenkov luminosity monitor system with associated electronics has
been developed for the A4 parity violation experiment at MAMI. The detector
system measures the luminosity of the hydrogen target hit by the MAMI electron
beam and monitors the stability of the liquid hydrogen target. Both is required
for the precise study of the count rate asymmetries in the scattering of
longitudinally polarized electrons on unpolarized protons. Any helicity
correlated fluctuation of the target density leads to false asymmetries. The
performance of the luminosity monitor, investigated in about 2000 hours with
electron beam, and the results of its application in the A4 experiment are
presented.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figures, submitted to NIM
Two infrared Yang-Mills solutions in stochastic quantization and in an effective action formalism
Three decades of work on the quantum field equations of pure Yang-Mills
theory have distilled two families of solutions in Landau gauge. Both coincide
for high (Euclidean) momentum with known perturbation theory, and both predict
an infrared suppressed transverse gluon propagator, but whereas the solution
known as "scaling" features an infrared power law for the gluon and ghost
propagators, the "massive" solution rather describes the gluon as a vector
boson that features a finite Debye screening mass.
In this work we examine the gauge dependence of these solutions by adopting
stochastic quantization. What we find, in four dimensions and in a rainbow
approximation, is that stochastic quantization supports both solutions in
Landau gauge but the scaling solution abruptly disappears when the parameter
controlling the drift force is separated from zero (soft gauge-fixing),
recovering only the perturbative propagators; the massive solution seems to
survive the extension outside Landau gauge. These results are consistent with
the scaling solution being related to the existence of a Gribov horizon, with
the massive one being more general.
We also examine the effective action in Faddeev-Popov quantization that
generates the rainbow and we find, for a bare vertex approximation, that the
the massive-type solutions minimise the quantum effective action.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures. Change of title to reflect version accepted for
publicatio
Color-superconductivity in the strong-coupling regime of Landau gauge QCD
The chirally unbroken and the superconducting 2SC and CFL phases are
investigated in the chiral limit within a Dyson-Schwinger approach for the
quark propagator in QCD. The hierarchy of Green's functions is truncated such
that at vanishing density known results for the vacuum and at asymptotically
high densities the corresponding weak-coupling expressions are recovered. The
anomalous dimensions of the gap functions are analytically calculated. Based on
the quark propagator the phase structure is studied, and results for the gap
functions, occupation numbers, coherence lengths and pressure differences are
given and compared with the corresponding expressions in the weak-coupling
regime. At moderate chemical potentials the quasiparticle pairing gaps are
several times larger than the extrapolated weak-coupling results.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures; v2: one reference adde
Gluons at finite temperature in Landau gauge Yang--Mills theory
The infrared behavior of Yang-Mills theory at finite temperature provides
access to the role of confinement. In this review recent results on this topic
from lattice calculations and especially Dyson-Schwinger studies are discussed.
These indicate persistence of a residual confinement even in the
high-temperature phase. The confinement mechanism is very similar to the one in
the vacuum for the chromomagnetic sector. In the chromoelectric sector
screening occurs at the soft scale g^2T, although not leading to a perturbative
behavior.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, invited brief review for MPL
The No-Pole Condition in Landau gauge: Properties of the Gribov Ghost Form-Factor and a Constraint on the 2d Gluon Propagator
We study the Landau-gauge Gribov ghost form-factor sigma(p^2) for SU(N)
Yang-Mills theories in the d-dimensional case. We find a qualitatively
different behavior for d=3,4 w.r.t. d=2. In particular, considering any
(sufficiently regular) gluon propagator D(p^2) and the one-loop-corrected ghost
propagator G(p^2), we prove in the 2d case that sigma(p^2) blows up in the
infrared limit p -> 0 as -D(0)\ln(p^2). Thus, for d=2, the no-pole condition
\sigma(p^2) 0) can be satisfied only if D(0) = 0. On the
contrary, in d=3 and 4, sigma(p^2) is finite also if D(0) > 0. The same results
are obtained by evaluating G(p^2) explicitly at one loop, using fitting forms
for D(p^2) that describe well the numerical data of D(p^2) in d=2,3,4 in the
SU(2) case. These evaluations also show that, if one considers the coupling
constant g^2 as a free parameter, G(p^2) admits a one-parameter family of
behaviors (labelled by g^2), in agreement with Boucaud et al. In this case the
condition sigma(0) <= 1 implies g^2 <= g^2_c, where g^2_c is a 'critical'
value. Moreover, a free-like G(p^2) in the infrared limit is obtained for any
value of g^2 < g^2_c, while for g^2 = g^2_c one finds an infrared-enhanced
G(p^2). Finally, we analyze the Dyson-Schwinger equation (DSE) for sigma(p^2)
and show that, for infrared-finite ghost-gluon vertices, one can bound
sigma(p^2). Using these bounds we find again that only in the d=2 case does one
need to impose D(0) = 0 in order to satisfy the no-pole condition. The d=2
result is also supported by an analysis of the DSE using a spectral
representation for G(p^2). Thus, if the no-pole condition is imposed, solving
the d=2 DSE cannot lead to a massive behavior for D(p^2). These results apply
to any Gribov copy inside the so-called first Gribov horizon, i.e. the 2d
result D(0) = 0 is not affected by Gribov noise. These findings are also in
agreement with lattice data.Comment: 40 pages, 2 .eps figure
More on Gribov copies and propagators in Landau-gauge Yang-Mills theory
Fixing a gauge in the non-perturbative domain of Yang-Mills theory is a
non-trivial problem due to the presence of Gribov copies. In particular, there
are different gauges in the non-perturbative regime which all correspond to the
same definition of a gauge in the perturbative domain. Gauge-dependent
correlation functions may differ in these gauges. Two such gauges are the
minimal and absolute Landau gauge, both corresponding to the perturbative
Landau gauge. These, and their numerical implementation, are described and
presented in detail. Other choices will also be discussed.
This investigation is performed, using numerical lattice gauge theory
calculations, by comparing the propagators of gluons and ghosts for the minimal
Landau gauge and the absolute Landau gauge in SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. It is
found that the propagators are different in the far infrared and even at energy
scales of the order of half a GeV. In particular, also the finite-volume
effects are modified. This is observed in two and three dimensions. Some
remarks on the four-dimensional case are provided as well.Comment: 23 pages, 16 figures, 6 tables; various changes throughout most of
the paper; extended discussion on different possibilities to define the
Landau gauge and connection to existing scenarios; in v3: Minor changes,
error in eq. (3) & (4) corrected, version to appear in PR
Chiral and deconfinement transition from correlation functions: SU(2) vs. SU(3)
We study a gauge invariant order parameter for deconfinement and the chiral
condensate in SU(2) and SU(3) Yang-Mills theory in the vicinity of the
deconfinement phase transition using the Landau gauge quark and gluon
propagators. We determine the gluon propagator from lattice calculations and
the quark propagator from its Dyson-Schwinger equation, using the gluon
propagator as input. The critical temperature and a deconfinement order
parameter are extracted from the gluon propagator and from the dependency of
the quark propagator on the temporal boundary conditions. The chiral transition
is determined using the quark condensate as order parameter. We investigate
whether and how a difference in the chiral and deconfinement transition between
SU(2) and SU(3) is manifest.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures. For clarification one paragraph and two
references added in the introduction and two sentences at the end of the
first and last paragraph of the summary. Appeared in EPJ
Accessing directly the properties of fundamental scalars in the confinement and Higgs phase
The properties of elementary particles are encoded in their respective
propagators and interaction vertices. For a SU(2) gauge theory coupled to a
doublet of fundamental complex scalars these propagators are determined in both
the Higgs phase and the confinement phase and compared to the Yang-Mills case,
using lattice gauge theory. Since the propagators are gauge-dependent, this is
done in the Landau limit of 't Hooft gauge, permitting to also determine the
ghost propagator. It is found that neither the gauge boson nor the scalar
differ qualitatively in the different cases. In particular, the gauge boson
acquires a screening mass, and the scalar's screening mass is larger than the
renormalized mass. Only the ghost propagator shows a significant change.
Furthermore, indications are found that the consequences of the residual
non-perturbative gauge freedom due to Gribov copies could be different in the
confinement and the Higgs phase.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, 1 table; v2: one minor error corrected; v3: one
appendix on systematic uncertainties added and some minor changes, version to
appear in EPJ
On Electron Transport in ZrB12, ZrB2 and MgB2
We report on measurements of the temperature dependence of resistivity,
, for single crystal samples of ZrB, ZrB and
polycrystalline samples of MgB. It is shown that cluster compound
ZrB behaves like a simple metal in the normal state, with a typical
Bloch -- Gr\"uneisen dependence. However, the resistive Debye
temperature, , is three times smaller than obtained from
specific heat data. We observe the term in of these borides,
which could be interpreted as an indication of strong electron-electron
interaction. Although the dependence of ZrB reveals a sharp
superconductive transition at , no superconductivity was observed
for single crystal samples of ZrB down to .Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
A first look at Landau-gauge propagators in G2 Yang-Mills theory
G_2 Yang--Mills theory is an interesting laboratory to investigate
non-perturbative effects. On one hand, no conventional quark confinement via a
linearly rising potential is present. On the other hand, its thermodynamic
properties are similar to ordinary SU(N) Yang--Mills theory. Finally, it has
been conjectured that gluons are removed from the physical spectrum in the same
way as in SU(N) Yang--Mills theory. The last claim will be explored by
determining the Landau-gauge ghost and gluon propagators, as well as the
Faddeev--Popov operator eigenspectrum, in G_2 lattice gauge theory in two and
three dimensions. The results are found to agree qualitatively with the SU(2)
and SU(3) case. Therefore, the conjecture that Yang--Mills theories with
different gauge groups are qualitatively similar on the level of their Landau
gauge Green's functions is supported.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables; in v2: One figure added, added
statistics, extended discussion on some topics, various minor change
- …