Overexpression through amplification of genes in chromosome region 17p11.2 approximately p12 in high-grade osteosarcoma

Osteosarcomas are malignant tumors of the bone that are characterized by complex genetic changes, including loss and amplification of chromosome regions. Region 17p11.2 approximately p12 is frequently found to be amplified in this tumor, suggesting the presence of an oncogene (or oncogenes) important in osteosarcoma tumorigenesis. We had previously determined amplification profiles for this region. Reasoning that amplification of a causative oncogene in a tumor should result in increased expression of that gene, we have now determined the expression status of genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in 17p11.2 approximately p12. We constructed a 17p11.2 approximately p12-specific macroarray containing 40 genes and 21 ESTs from this region, which was used for expression profiling of 11 osteosarcoma samples (9 tumors and 2 cell lines) and of normal human osteoblasts. Compared to normal osteoblasts, genes with at least threefold increased expression were considered to be overexpressed in the tumor. Genes PMP22 and COPS3, EST AA126939 (encoding part of the hypothetical protein FLJ20343), and two anonymous ESTs (AA918483 and R02360) were found to be most consistently overexpressed after amplification. By real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we could confirm the overexpression status of PMP22 and COPS3 but not of FLJ20343. We conclude that PMP22 and COPS3, and possibly also the three ESTs, are candidate amplification targets in 17p11.2 approximately p12 in osteosarcom

Amplification of 17p11.2 approximately p12, including PMP22, TOP3A, and MAPK7, in high-grade osteosarcoma

Amplification of region 17p11.2 approximately p12 has been found in 13%-29% of high-grade osteosarcomas, suggesting the presence of an oncogene or oncogenes that may contribute to their development. To determine the location of these putative oncogenes, we established 17p11.2 approximately p12 amplification profiles by semiquantitative PCR, using 15 microsatellite markers and seven candidate genes in 19 high-grade osteosarcomas. Most of the tumors displayed complex amplification profiles, with frequent involvement of marker D17S2041 in 17p12 and TOP3A in 17p11.2 and, in some cases, very high-level amplification of PMP22 and MAPK7 in 17p11.2. Our findings suggest that multiple amplification targets, including PMP22, TOP3A, and MAPK7 or genes close to these candidate oncogenes, may be present in 17p11.2 approximately p12 and thus contribute to osteosarcoma tumorigenesi

Femmes et droit dans les Afriques musulmanes

Dans les Afriques musulmanes, les réformes juridiques relatives à l’égalité des sexes confrontent les États à une problématique similaire : se conformer aux standards internationaux de non-discrimination tout en préservant les normes coutumières et religieuses. Ces processus révèlent combien les règles de droit ne sont pas neutres mais le fruit d’une lutte entre différents acteurs sociaux et politiques, dans laquelle les femmes prennent toute leur part. À la fois cibles et actrices des réformes, elles ont recours à des argumentaires et répertoires d’action tributaires de la diversité des architectures juridiques et politiques des pays concernés, de la place que la loi islamique y occupe, mais aussi des domaines du droit en jeu ou encore de l’ancrage historique des mobilisations de femmes. En considérant les processus de réforme à partir d’une triple perspective (mise à l’agenda, mobilisations, application), les textes de ce numéro s’attachent à analyser le degré d’influence des normes internationales, les spécificités des mobilisations juridiques des femmes dans ces pays à majorité musulmane, mais aussi le rôle que peut jouer — ou non — le droit dans la reconfiguration des rapports de genre. En contextualisant les appels contemporains à l’application de la charia comme ressource ou contrainte pour la réforme, les contributions analysent également la norme islamique en restituant son historicité et ses appropriations plurielles dans les Afriques musulmanes. In Muslim Africas, legal reforms regarding gender equality confront states with a similar challenge: complying with non-discrimination international standards while preserving customary and religious norms. Such processes reveal how legal rules are not neutral but arise from a struggle between different social and political actors, in which women play their full part. Both targets and actors of these reforms, they resort to arguments and “repertoires of action” that depend on the diversity of the legal and political architectures of the countries concerned, on the place Islamic law occupies therein, but they also differ according to the areas of law involved and the historical roots of women’s mobilizations in that country. By grasping the reform processes from a triple perspective (agenda setting, mobilizations, implementation), the contributions to this issue attempt to analyze the degree of influence of international standards, the specificities of women legal mobilizations in these predominantly Muslim countries, but also the role that law may—or may not—play in the reconfiguration of gender relations. By contextualizing contemporary calls for the application of the sharia as a resource or a constraint for reforms, the contributions also offer an analysis of the Islamic norm which restores its historicity and the plurality of its appropriations in Muslim Africas

Dossier : États et territoires du politique

La « décentralisation » fait partie des modalités de changement promues par les bailleurs de fonds internationaux au Maghreb pour, d’une part, dégrossir les administrations centrales tentaculaires des États et, d’autre part, ouvrir le jeu politique local dans le sens d’une démocratisation des régimes politiques de la région. Depuis le milieu des années 1990, et plus encore durant la décennie 2000, elle a constitué un pan majeur des programmes de réforme des administrations locales mis en place par les pouvoirs publics. Si, à l’époque, la décentralisation a suscité débats et controverses, ainsi que de nombreux travaux de recherches, l’enjeu est désormais – dans le contexte mouvant des « printemps arabes » et des appels à une transformation de l’organisation des pouvoirs – de comprendre comment les dirigeants politiques et cadres des administrations centrales et locales (re)considèrent sa mise en oeuvre. Plus précisément, la question que nous nous proposons d’examiner dans ce dossier est celle des effets des mobilisations populaires sur la production d’une nouvelle donne territoriale, en focalisant l’analyse tant sur les modalités des mobilisations politiques que sur le décryptage des réponses apportées par les autorités publiques à la crise politique dans sa dimension territoriale. Or, faire face à une telle interrogation ne relève pas de l’évidence, dès lors que les mobilisations populaires des « printemps arabes » peuvent être lues comme une demande, à la fois, d’autonomie locale et d’un «plus d’État»

ARIA masterclass 2018: From guidelines to real-life implementation

Over the past 20 years, ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) has developed various guidelines for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma multimorbidity. Over time, the ARIA initiative has evolved to ensure the highest level of bestpractices adoption in real life settings. It has evolved towards Integrated Care Pathways (ICPs) using mobile technology, and has now entered a new phase in which change management is key to provide an active and healthy life to all AR patients. With that in mind, the first ARIA masterclass was held on 12th September 2018 in Brussels, Belgium. The masterclass aimed at informing clinicians about the principles of change management, providing unbiased education on diagnosis and treatments, sharing the most recent research data on AR and multimorbidities, and creating a snowball effect to increase the adoption of best practices around the globe. This report provides an overview of the ARIA masterclass concept, summarizes the key lectures and discussions, and gives an outline of the future key development.status: publishe

ARIA masterclass 2018 : from guidelines to real-life implementation

Over the past 20 years, ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) has developed various guidelines for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma multimorbidity. Over time, the ARIA initiative has evolved to ensure the highest level of best-practices adoption in real life settings. It has evolved towards Integrated Care Pathways (ICPs) using mobile technology, and has now entered a new phase in which change management is key to provide an active and healthy life to all AR patients. With that in mind, the first ARIA masterclass was held on 12th September 2018 in Brussels, Belgium. The masterclass aimed at informing clinicians about the principles of change management, providing unbiased education on diagnosis and treatments, sharing the most recent research data on AR and multimorbidities, and creating a snowball effect to increase the adoption of best practices around the globe. This report provides an overview of the ARIA masterclass concept, summarizes the key lectures and discussions, and gives an outline of the future key development