2,776 research outputs found
Effect of pyramiding Bt and CpTI genes on resistance of cotton to Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory and field conditions
Transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties, adapted to China, have been bred that express two genes for resistance to insects. the Cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) (Bt), and a trypsin inhibitor gene from cowpea (CpTI). Effectiveness of the double gene modification in conferring resistance to cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), was studied in laboratory and field experiments. In each experiment, performance of Bt+CpTI cotton was compared with Bt cotton and to a conventional nontransgenic variety. Larval survival was lower on both types of transgenic variety, compared with the conventional cotton. Survival of first-, second-, and third-stage larvae was lower on Bt+CpTI cotton than on Bt cotton. Plant structures differed in level of resistance, and these differences were similar on Bt and Bt+CpTI cotton. Likewise, seasonal trends in level of resistance in different plant structures were similar in Bt and Bt+CpTI cotton. Both types of transgenic cotton interfered with development of sixth-stage larvae to adults, and no offspring was produced by H. armigera that fed on Bt or Bt+CpTI cotton from the sixth stage onward. First-, second-, and third-stage larvae spent significantly less time feeding on transgenic cotton than on conventional cotton, and the reduction in feeding time was significantly greater on Bt+CpTI cotton than on Bt cotton. Food conversion efficiency was lower on transgenic varieties than on conventional cotton, but there was no significant difference between Bt and Bt+CpTI cotton. In 3-yr field experimentation, bollworm densities were greatly suppressed on transgenic as compared with conventional cotton, but no significant differences between Bt and Bt+CpTI cotton were found. Overall, the results from laboratory work indicate that introduction of the CpTI gene in Bt cotton raises some components of resistance in cotton against H. armigera, but enhanced control of H. armigera under field conditions, due to expression of the CpTI gene, was not demonstrate
Mass Suppression in Octet Baryon Production
There is a striking suppression of the cross section for production of octet
baryons in annihilation, as the mass of the produced hadron
increases. We present a simple parametrization for the fragmentation functions
into octet baryons guided by two input models: the SU(3) flavor symmetry part
is given by a quark-diquark model, and the baryon mass suppression part is
inspired by the string model. We need only eight free parameters to describe
the fragmentation functions for all octet baryons. These free parameters are
determined by a fit to the experimental data of octet baryon production in annihilation. Then we apply the obtained fragmentation functions to
predict the cross section of the octet baryon production in charged lepton DIS
and find consistency with the available experimental data. Furthermore, baryon
production in collisions is suggested to be an ideal domain to check the
predicted mass suppression.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figure
Heavy quarkonium 2S states in light-front quark model
We study the charmonium 2S states and , and the bottomonium
2S states and , using the light-front quark model and the
2S state wave function of harmonic oscillator as the approximation of the 2S
quarkonium wave function. The decay constants, transition form factors and
masses of these mesons are calculated and compared with experimental data.
Predictions of quantities such as Br are made. The
2S wave function may help us learn more about the structure of these heavy
quarkonia.Comment: 5 latex pages, final version for journal publicatio
On the String Consensus Problem and the Manhattan Sequence Consensus Problem
In the Manhattan Sequence Consensus problem (MSC problem) we are given
integer sequences, each of length , and we are to find an integer sequence
of length (called a consensus sequence), such that the maximum
Manhattan distance of from each of the input sequences is minimized. For
binary sequences Manhattan distance coincides with Hamming distance, hence in
this case the string consensus problem (also called string center problem or
closest string problem) is a special case of MSC. Our main result is a
practically efficient -time algorithm solving MSC for sequences.
Practicality of our algorithms has been verified experimentally. It improves
upon the quadratic algorithm by Amir et al.\ (SPIRE 2012) for string consensus
problem for binary strings. Similarly as in Amir's algorithm we use a
column-based framework. We replace the implied general integer linear
programming by its easy special cases, due to combinatorial properties of the
MSC for . We also show that for a general parameter any instance
can be reduced in linear time to a kernel of size , so the problem is
fixed-parameter tractable. Nevertheless, for this is still too large
for any naive solution to be feasible in practice.Comment: accepted to SPIRE 201
The CDF dijet excess from intrinsic quarks
The CDF collaboration reported an excess in the production of two jets in
association with a . We discuss constraints on possible new particle state
interpretations of this excess. The fact of no statistically significant
deviation from the SM expectation for {+dijet} events in CDF data disfavors
the new particle explanation. We show that the nucleon intrinsic strange quarks
provide an important contribution to the boson production in association
with a single top quark production. Such {+t} single top quark production
can contribute to the CDF {+dijet} excess, thus the nucleon intrinsic quarks
can provide a possible explanation to the CDF excess in {+dijet} but not in
{+dijet} events.Comment: 4 latex pages, 1 figure. Version for journal publicatio
The Proton Spin and the Wigner Rotation
It is shown that in both the gluonic and strange sea explanations of the
Ellis-Jaffe sum rule violation discovered by the European Muon Collaboration
(EMC), the spin of the proton, when viewed in in its rest reference frame,
could by fully provided by quarks and antiquarks within a simple quark model
picture, taken into account the relativistic effect from the Wigner rotation.Comment: 13 latex page
Interplay among critical temperature, hole content, and pressure in the cuprate superconductors
Within a BCS-type mean-field approach to the extended Hubbard model, a
nontrivial dependence of T_c on the hole content per unit CuO_2 is recovered,
in good agreement with the celebrated non-monotonic universal behaviour at
normal pressure. Evaluation of T_c at higher pressures is then made possible by
the introduction of an explicit dependence of the tight-binding band and of the
carrier concentration on pressure P. Comparison with the known experimental
data for underdoped Bi2212 allows to single out an `intrinsic' contribution to
d T_c / d P from that due to the carrier concentration, and provides a
remarkable estimate of the dependence of the inter-site coupling strength on
the lattice scale.Comment: REVTeX 8 pages, including 5 embedded PostScript figures; other
required macros included; to be published in Phys. Rev. B (vol. 54
Quality and location choices under price regulation
In a model of spatial competition, we analyze the equilibrium outcomes in markets where the product price is exogenous. Using an extended version of the Hotelling model, we assume that firms choose their locations and the quality of the product they supply. We derive the optimal price set by a welfarist regulator. If the regulator can commit to a price prior to the choice of locations, the optimal (second-best) price causes overinvestment in quality and an insufficient degree of horizontal differentiation (compared with the first-best solution) if the transportation cost of consumers is sufficiently high. Under partial commitment, where the regulator is not able to commit prior to location choices, the optimal price induces first-best quality, but horizontal differentiation is inefficiently high
Fracture Assessment of the Weld–Base Metal Interface of High-Strength Steel Weld Joint
The brittle fracture of the weld joint at low stresses is controlled by high-strength steel characteristics and welding defects. Based on fracture mechanics, the fracture behavior of the weldbase metal interface of a high-strength steel weld joint was studied to reveal the critical locations of the latter. From tensile fracture experiments of 45 steel welded specimens, the load–displacement curve and the fracture modes of weld joints were obtained. The results indicate that the critical loads and fracture modes are influenced by the crack slope angle. The maximum load of interface fracture in weld joints is less than that of the failure in the base metal mainly related to the existence of initial defects in the weld joint. The fracture surface morphology was also detected. It is considered that the fracture surface is influenced by different fracture locations and different microstructure of the weld and base metals. In addition, the critical stress intensity factors of a weld interface crack were calculated based on the critical load and the finite element linear extrapolation method. The linear fracture assessment criteria were proposed, which will be applicable to safety evaluation for the weld joints of high-strength steel structures.Хрупкое разрушение сварного соединения при низких напряжениях зависит от характеристик высокопрочной стали и дефектов сварки. Принципы механики разрушения послужили основой изучения поведения поверхности контакта металл сварного шва–основной металл при разрушении сварного соединения высокопрочной стали для выявления критических точек на последнем. По результатам испытаний на разрушение при растяжении сварных образцов из стали 45 построена кривая прогиб–нагрузка и получены виды изломов на сварных соединениях. Показано, что угол наклона трещины оказывает влияние на критические нагрузки и виды изломов. Максимальная нагрузка, вызывающая разрушение поверхности контакта сварного соединения, ниже нагрузки разрушения основного металла, которое зависит главным образом от дефектов, изначально присутствовавших в сварном соединении. Установлены морфология поверхности излома и влияние на нее месторасположения изломов и микроструктуры металла сварного шва и основного металла. Критические коэффициенты интенсивности напряжений для трещины на поверхности контакта рассчитывали на основании критической нагрузки с помощью конечноэлементного метода линейной экстраполяции. Предложены критерии оценки линейного разрушения, которые могут быть использованы для проверки надежности сварных соединений в конструкциях из высокопрочной стали
Atomic Bose Gas with Negative Scattering Length
We derive the equation of state of a dilute atomic Bose gas with an
interatomic interaction that has a negative scattering length and argue that
two continuous phase transitions, occuring in the gas due to quantum degeneracy
effects, are preempted by a first-order gas-liquid or gas-solid transition
depending on the details of the interaction potential. We also discuss the
consequences of this result for future experiments with magnetically trapped
spin-polarized atomic gasses such as lithium and cesium.Comment: 16 PAGES, REVTEX 3.0, ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION IN PHYS. REV.
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