Papillary cystadenoma of the parotid gland: A case report.

BackgroundPapillary cystadenoma is a rare benign epithelial tumor of the salivary gland, which is characterized by papillary structures and oncocytic cells with rich eosinophilic cytoplasm. We found only one case of papillary cystadenoma in nearly 700 cases of salivary gland tumors. Our case was initially mistaken for a tumor of the right temporomandibular joint (TMJ) capsule rather than of parotid gland origin. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) should be carefully studied, which allows for appropriate preoperative counseling and operative planning.Case summaryHere, we report an unusual case of a 54-year-old woman with a parotid gland papillary cystadenoma (PGPC) that was misdiagnosed as a tumor of the right TMJ capsule. She was initially admitted to our hospital due to a mass anterior to her right ear inadvertently found 5 d ago. Preoperative CT and MRI revealed a well circumscribed tumor that was attached to the right TMJ capsule. The patient underwent a resection through an incision for TMJ, but evaluation of an intraoperative frozen section revealed a benign tumor of the parotid gland. Then we removed part of the parotid gland above the temporal facial trunk. The facial nerve was preserved. Postoperative histopathological findings revealed that the tumor was PGPC. No additional treatment was performed. There was no recurrence during a 20-mo follow-up period.ConclusionThe integrity of the interstitial space around the condyle in MRI or CT should be carefully evaluated for parotid gland or TMJ tumors

La enseñanza de vocabulario inglés a jóvenes aprendices con ejercicios diseñados a partir de textos de comprensión lectora en una situación real de aula

This classroom study investigated how English (L2) vocabulary was taught to primary school pupils in a series of reading lessons under two conditions: (a) reading plus receptive learning exercises or (b) reading plus both receptive and productive learning exercises. The results showed that the condition involving both receptive and productive exercises led to more vocabulary retention than the condition with receptive exercises only. Furthermore, it is tentatively proposed that young learners’ productive knowledge of vocabulary items can be assessed based on acceptable collocations instead of sentence writing which relies on a fully developed grammar system that young learners may lack.Este estudio práctico en el ámbito del aula investigó cómo se enseñaba el vocabulario inglés (L2) a alumnado de primaria en una secuencia de unidades didácticas de textos de comprensión lectora estableciendo dos situaciones: (a) lectura más ejercicios de aprendizaje a nivel receptivo, o (b) lectura más ejercicios de aprendizaje tanto a nivel receptivo como productivo. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que la situación que incluye ejercicios tanto a nivel receptivo como productivo lleva a una mayor retención de vocabulario que la que considera únicamente ejercicios a nivel receptivo. Además, se propone de manera tentativa que el conocimiento de vocabulario a nivel productivo de los aprendices jóvenes se puede evaluar basándose en la producción de colocaciones correctas en lugar de frases escritas que dependen de un sistema gramatical altamente desarrollado del que los aprendices jóvenes pueden carecer

Relative proximity of chromosome territories influences chromosome exchange partners in radiation-induced chromosome rearrangements in primary human bronchial epithelial cells

Copyright © 2013 The Authors. This article is made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Copyright © 2013 The Authors. It is well established that chromosomes exist in discrete territories (CTs) in interphase and are positioned in a cell-type specific probabilistic manner. The relative localisation of individual CTs within cell nuclei remains poorly understood, yet many cancers are associated with specific chromosome rearrangements and there is good evidence that relative territorial position influences their frequency of exchange. To examine this further, we characterised the complexity of radiation-induced chromosome exchanges in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells by M-FISH analysis of PCC spreads and correlated the exchanges induced with their preferred interphase position, as determined by 1/2-colour 2D-FISH analysis, at the time of irradiation. We found that the frequency and complexity of aberrations induced were reduced in ellipsoid NHBE cells in comparison to previous observations in spherical cells, consistent with aberration complexity being dependent upon the number and proximity of damaged CTs, i.e. lesion proximity. To ask if particular chromosome neighbourhoods could be identified we analysed all radiation-induced pair-wise exchanges using SCHIP (statistics for chromosome interphase positioning) and found that exchanges between chromosomes (1;13), (9;17), (9;18), (12;18) and (16;21) all occurred more often than expected assuming randomness. All of these pairs were also found to be either sharing similar preferred positions in interphase and/or sharing neighbouring territory boundaries. We also analysed a human small cell lung cancer cell line, DMS53, by M-FISH observing the genome to be highly rearranged, yet possessing rearrangements also involving chromosomes (1;13) and (9;17). Our findings show evidence for the occurrence of non-random exchanges that may reflect the territorial organisation of chromosomes in interphase at time of damage and highlight the importance of cellular geometry for the induction of aberrations of varying complexity after exposure to both low and high-LET radiation.Department of Healt

Implementation of Quantum Gates via Optimal Control

Starting with the basic control system model often employed in NMR pulse design, we derive more realistic control system models taking into account effects such as off-resonant excitation for systems with fixed inter-qubit coupling controlled by globally applied electromagnetic fields, as well as for systems controlled by a combination of a global fields and local control electrodes. For both models optimal control is used to find controls that implement a set of two- and three-qubit gates with fidelity greater than 99.99%. While in some cases the optimal pulses obtained appear to be surprisingly simple and experimentally realistic, the results also show that the "optimal" pulses obtained in other cases are experimentally infeasible, and more sophisticated parametrization of the control fields and numerical algorithms are needed.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Simulation and Optimization of Waste Heat to Electricity through Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs): a Case Study in an Oil Refinery

Energy efficiency has become a global problem that is detrimental to the chemical industries technically, economically and to the environment. Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a promising technology that can solve this problem by recovering heat from low-grade waste heat sources by using organic working fluids. The heat source for the ORC system used in this article is air leaving air coolers in an oil refinery with a temperature of 140o C. The heat exchanger data for this refinery was used in the simulation of a basic cycle and a regenerative cycle using ASPEN HYSYS V.10. These ORC systems were simulated using hydrocarbons, refrigerants, and alternative refrigerants as the working fluids to compare their performance at three different condensation temperatures which are 15o C, 35o C, and 50o C. The system was optimized using the HYSYS optimizer to reach the optimum conditions for each working fluid. Results of this study have proven that the alternative working fluids R1234ze (Z) and R1224yd (Z) perform very well when compared to hydrocarbon working fluids and outperform the regular refrigerants. For the basic cycle which yielded the optimum results, R1234ze (Z) produced 1258.90 kW of turbine work and has a thermal efficiency of 11.31%. Hence, they are promising working fluids and are highly recommended to be used in the future since they perform highly economically in addition to being environmentally friendly

Faecal Contamination of Feeding Bottles Contents, Among Artificially Fed Children

This study was carried out to investigate the bacterial contamination of feeding bottles contents in artificially fed children presenting with diarrhoea at the Paediatric outpatient clinic in Khartoum Hospital.Methods: Hundred bottle fed infants presenting with diarrhoea were included in the study. Specimens were collected from the contents of the feeding bottles and the faeces of children.Results: Hundred and ten bacterial species were isolated from the contents. E. coli was the commonest isolate [33 (30%)]. Different other bacterial species were also isolated with very high count (1X106 - > 15X105/ml). Twenty one enteric pathogens were isolated from the stool specimens [Enteropathogenic E. coli (7) and Shigella species (14)]. The antibiotic sensitivity of the E. coli and Shigella species showed high resistance to co-trimoxazole (57.5%, 53.3% respectively) and to coamoxiclav (85% - 53.3% respectively).Conclusion: Awareness to the hazards of the feeding bottles among the community should be raised and breast feeding should be encouraged.Key words: diarrhea, enteric pathogens, E. coli

Prevalence and Pattern of Malaria Parasitaemia among Under-Five Febrile Children Attending Paediatric Out-Patient Clinic at University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri

Background: Malaria has remained a major public health problem in Nigeria with the under-five aged children and pregnant women being the most affected. The local epidemiological profile of the disease is dynamic owing to the continuous variation in the various determinants and hence the need for periodic re-evaluation. We aim to determine the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia among the under -five aged children and the effect of various determinants.Material and Method: In this cross-sectional study, 433 outpatients aged below 5 years with fever or history of fever in the previous 72 hours were enrolled. Relevant information was obtained and recorded using a questionnaire. Thick and thin films were prepared from a finger or heel prick for each of the patients and subjected to microscopy.Result: The prevalence of malaria parasitaemia was 27.7%. Age, sex, nutritional status, socioeconomic class, temperature at presentation as well as ownership of insecticide treated nets had no significant effect on the prevalence of malaria (p>0.05). Only P. falciparum was seen in all the positive slides. The parasite density was generally low with 48.3% having parasite densities below 100/μl and only 7.5% had parasite density of ≥1000/μl. Parasite density increased significantly with increasing age (p=0041). Nutritional status as well as other studied factors had no significant effect on parasite density (p>0.05).Conclusion and Recommendation: Prevalence of malaria infection was high in the population studied. It is characterized by low density parasitaemia and hence the need to interpret negative results with caution. Age, gender, socio-economic and nutritional status, temperature at presentation as well as ownership of ITN had no significant effect on prevalence of malaria parasitaemia. There is need to strengthen and scale up various malaria control programs while ensuring proper implementations of programs and activities through effective monitoring and evaluation.Keywords: Prevalence, Pattern, Malaria, Parasitaemia, Under-five Febrile Children, Outpatient Clini

Childhood ovarian juvenile granulosa cell tumour: a case report and review of literature

Juvenile granulosa cell tumour (JGCT) is very uncommon gynecological malignancy that occurs more commonly in under five years old of age. We describe a case of JGCT in a 4-years old girl. The malignancy is assigned to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetric staging system (FIGO stage I). Treated with complete excision only, the patient showed no evidence of relapse one year after surgery. Findings in this case are discussed and histological examination confirmed the diagnosis. The natural history of JGCT, epidemiology, histology, treatment and prognosis are reviewed along with the case presentation.Key words: Childhood, Juvenile Granulosa Cell, Tumour, Ovar

Pyuria as a diagnostic test for urinary tract infection in children with sickle cell anaemia in Zaria, Nigeria

Objective: This study aimed at determining the significance of pyuria as a screening test for UTI in children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA).Methods: Two hundred and seventy-two children with SCA, aged 6 months to 15 years, were studied out of which 185 (68.0%) were in stable state and 87 (32.0%) were in crises. Their urine was assessed for microscopy culture and sensitivity. Significant pyuria and bacteriuria was determined using standard methods. Results: Significant bacteriuria was detected in 22 (8.1%) of the 272 subjects with SCA. The prevalence of significant bacteriuria was higher among those in crisis (18/87; 20.7%) than in those in steady state (4/185; 2.2%) and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 27.323, p = 0.001). Of the 22 SCA subjects with confirmed UTI, 19 (86.4%) had significant pyuria with a sensitivity of 86.4%, specificity of 68.8%, and positive predictive value of 19.6%. The most common bacterial isolates were Escherichia coli 11 (50.0%) while the least isolated were Salmonella typhi 1 (4.6%).Conclusion: This study indicates that pyuria as a screening test for UTI is not very specific but very sensitive necessitating a more test to be done for diagnosis of UTI.Keywords: Sickle cell anaemia, bacteriuria, pyuria, childre