"Mitt hem är min borg" Malmömodellen : En organisation för effektivt arbete mot familjevåld

Familjevåldsproblematiken skapar ett oerhört lidande för brottsoffret, därför har vi valt att fördjupa oss i hur man motarbetar detta från samhällets sida. Vi vill komma fram till hur det arbetet ser ut idag och hur man kan förbättra det. I detta fördjupningsarbete beskriver vi ett effektivt sätt att arbeta mot familjevåldsproblematiken och diskuterar en del tankar som kan förbättra arbetet ytterligare. Den kritiska framgångsfaktorn i den beskrivna organisationen är samverkan mellan alla aktörer i en kommun (Malmö kommun) som jobbar mot ett gemensamt mål. Vi har valt att inte gå in på hur de olika aktörerna jobbar internt utan mer gått in på själva samverkansformen. Tillvägagångssättet vi valt är litteraturgranskning och litteraturanalys. Arbetet är kopplat till rutinaktivitetsteorin med betoning på avsaknaden av kapabla väktare eftersom denna teori är lämplig att implementera som en utgångspunkt för uppkomst av brotten och som ett stöd till åtgärder. Slutsatsen vi dragit är att Malmö-modellen är effektiv och att andra kommuner i vårt avlånga land borde implementera hela eller delar av denna modell. Den viktigaste framgångsfaktorn är samverkan

Long-Term Storage of Surface-Adsorbed Protein Machines

The effective and simple long-term storage of complex functional proteins is critical in achieving commercially viable biosensors. This issue is particularly challenging in recently proposed types of nanobiosensors, where molecular-motor-driven transportation substitutes microfluidics and forms the basis for novel detection schemes. Importantly, therefore, we here describe that delicate heavy meromyosin (HMM)-based nanodevices (HMM motor fragments adsorbed to silanized surfaces and actin bound to HMM) fully maintain their function when stored at −20 °C for more than a month. The mechanisms for the excellent preservation of acto-HMM motor function upon repeated freeze–thaw cycles are discussed. The results are important to the future commercial implementation of motor-based nanodevices and are of more general value to the long-term storage of any protein-based bionanodevice

Long-Term Storage of Surface-Adsorbed Protein Machines

The effective and simple long-term storage of complex functional proteins is critical in achieving commercially viable biosensors. This issue is particularly challenging in recently proposed types of nanobiosensors, where molecular-motor-driven transportation substitutes microfluidics and forms the basis for novel detection schemes. Importantly, therefore, we here describe that delicate heavy meromyosin (HMM)-based nanodevices (HMM motor fragments adsorbed to silanized surfaces and actin bound to HMM) fully maintain their function when stored at −20 °C for more than a month. The mechanisms for the excellent preservation of acto-HMM motor function upon repeated freeze–thaw cycles are discussed. The results are important to the future commercial implementation of motor-based nanodevices and are of more general value to the long-term storage of any protein-based bionanodevice

Factors Affecting Enzymatic Degradation of Microgel-Bound Peptides

Proteolytic degradation and release of microgel-bound peptides was investigated for trypsin, poly­(acrylic acid-<i>co</i>-acrylamide) microgels (70–90 μm in diameter), and oppositely charged polylysine, using a method combination of confocal microscopy and micromanipulator-assisted light microscopy. Results show that trypsin-induced release of polylysine increased with increasing trypsin concentration, decreasing microgel charge density and decreasing peptide molecular weight. While the microgel offered good protection against enzymatic degradation at high microgel charge density, it was also observed that the cationic peptide enabled trypsin to bind throughout the peptide-loaded microgels, even when it did not bind to the peptide-void ones. With the exception of highly charged microgels, proteolytic degradation throughout the peptide-loaded microgel resulted in the generation of short and non-adsorbing peptide stretches, giving rise to the concentration and peptide length dependence observed. A simple random scission model was able to qualitatively capture these experimental findings. Collectively, the results demonstrate that microgel charge density, peptide molecular weight, and enzyme concentration greatly influence degradation/release of microgel-bound peptides and need to be considered in the use of microgels, e.g., as carriers for protein and peptide drugs

Molecular Motor Transport through Hollow Nanowires

Biomolecular motors offer self-propelled, directed transport in designed microscale networks and can potentially replace pump-driven nanofluidics. However, in existing systems, transportation is limited to the two-dimensional plane. Here we demonstrate fully one-dimensional (1D) myosin-driven motion of fluorescent probes (actin filaments) through 80 nm wide, Al₂O₃ hollow nanowires of micrometer length. The motor-driven transport is orders of magnitude faster than would be possible by passive diffusion. The system represents a necessary element for advanced devices based on gliding assays, for example, in lab-on-a-chip systems with channel crossings and in pumpless nanosyringes. It may also serve as a scaffold for bottom-up assembly of muscle proteins into ordered contractile units, mimicking the muscle sarcomere

Survival-Associated Cellular Response Maintained in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) Switched Between Soft and Stiff 3D Microgel Culture

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for about 90% of all pancreatic cancer cases. Five-year survival rates have remained below 12% since the 1970s, in part due to the difficulty in detection prior to metastasis (migration and invasion into neighboring organs and glands). Mechanical memory is a concept that has emerged over the past decade that may provide a path toward understanding how invading PDAC cells "remember" the mechanical properties of their diseased ("stiff", elastic modulus, E ≈ 10 kPa) microenvironment even while invading a healthy ("soft", E ≈ 1 kPa) microenvironment. Here, we investigated the role of mechanical priming by culturing a dilute suspension of PDAC (FG) cells within a 3D, rheologically tunable microgel platform from hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties. We conducted a suite of acute (short-term) priming studies where we cultured PDAC cells in either a soft (E ≈ 1 kPa) or stiff (E ≈ 10 kPa) environment for 6 h, then removed and placed them into a new soft or stiff 3D environment for another 18 h. Following these steps, we conducted RNA-seq analyses to quantify gene expression. Initial priming in the 3D culture showed persistent gene expression for the duration of the study, regardless of the subsequent environments (stiff or soft). Stiff 3D culture was associated with the downregulation of tumor suppressors (LATS1, BCAR3, CDKN2C), as well as the upregulation of cancer-associated genes (RAC3). Immunofluorescence staining (BCAR3, RAC3) further supported the persistence of this cellular response, with BCAR3 upregulated in soft culture and RAC3 upregulated in stiff-primed culture. Stiff-primed genes were stratified against patient data found in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Upregulated genes in stiff-primed 3D culture were associated with decreased survival in patient data, suggesting a link between patient survival and mechanical priming