Lipoperoxidation levels in rainbow trout and broiler chickens after levofloxacin administration

La levofloxacina es un antimicrobiano del grupo de las fluoroquinolonas utilizada en medicina humana y con potencial aplicación en animales de producción, si los estudios toxicológicos y farmacológicos lo avalan. Si bien trabajos previos han demostrado que otras fluoroquinolonas y/o sus metabolitos producen peroxidación de lípidos en los tejidos animales, las comunicaciones sobre evaluaciones toxicológicas de levofloxacina son escasas. En el presente trabajo se plantea evaluar la posible oxidación de lípidos en tejidos de pollos parrilleros y truchas (Oncorhynchus mykiss), después de la administración de levofloxacina utilizando la técnica de sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARs). Los valores de nmol de TBARs/g de tejido mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en: músculo de trucha después de una única administración de 10mg/kg de levofloxacina 50,2±3,2 vs control 17,1±3,8 (p<0,05) a las 72 h; en pollo, después de una única administración de 5mg/kg de levofloxacina, los valores fueron, en músculo a las 2 h, 6,2±1,2 vs control 3,7±1,3 (p<0,05) y en hígado a la hora, 6,9±0,2 vs control 0,9±0,1 (p<0,05). Esta información, que sugiere inducción de un efecto oxidativo en tejidos, debe ser profundizada en futuras investigaciones.Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial used in human medicine and with a potential application in food-producing animals, if the toxicological and pharmacological studies support this. Previous studies have shown that other fluoroquinolones and/or its metabolites produce lipid peroxidation in animal tissues but toxicological evaluation of levofloxacin communications are scarce. This work argues evaluate the possible lipid oxidation in broiler chickens and trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) tissues, after levofloxacin administration, using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances technique (TBARs). The values, TBARs/g of tissue, showed statistically significant differences in: trout muscle after a10mg/kg single administration of levofloxacin 50.2±3.2 vs control 17.1±3.8 (p<0.05) at 72 h; in chicken after a single 5mg/kg levofloxacin administration, the values were in muscle at 2 h, 6.2±1.2 vs control 3.7±1.3 (p<0.05) and in liver at 1h, 6.9±0.2 vs control 0.9±0.1 (p<0.05). This information which suggests oxidative effect induction in tissues should be deepened in future research.Fil: Weyers, A.. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria. Departamento de Salud Publica; ArgentinaFil: Ugnia, L. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria. Departamento de Salud Publica; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Ovando, Hugo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Clínica Animal; ArgentinaFil: Mañas, Fernando Javier. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria. Departamento de Salud Publica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gorla, Nora Bibiana Maria. Universidad "Juan Agustín Maza". Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Ambientales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria. Departamento de Salud Publica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Lipoperoxidation levels in rainbow trout and broiler chickens after levofloxacin administration

La levofloxacina es un antimicrobiano del grupo de las fluoroquinolonas utilizada en medicina humana y con potencial aplicación en animales de producción, si los estudios toxicológicos y farmacológicos lo avalan. Si bien trabajos previos han demostrado que otras fluoroquinolonas y/o sus metabolitos producen peroxidación de lípidos en los tejidos animales, las comunicaciones sobre evaluaciones toxicológicas de levofloxacina son escasas. En el presente trabajo se plantea evaluar la posible oxidación de lípidos en tejidos de pollos parrilleros y truchas (Oncorhynchus mykiss), después de la administración de levofloxacina utilizando la técnica de sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARs). Los valores de nmol de TBARs/g de tejido mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en: músculo de trucha después de una única administración de 10mg/kg de levofloxacina 50,2±3,2 vs control 17,1±3,8 (p<0,05) a las 72 h; en pollo, después de una única administración de 5mg/kg de levofloxacina, los valores fueron, en músculo a las 2 h, 6,2±1,2 vs control 3,7±1,3 (p<0,05) y en hígado a la hora, 6,9±0,2 vs control 0,9±0,1 (p<0,05). Esta información, que sugiere inducción de un efecto oxidativo en tejidos, debe ser profundizada en futuras investigaciones.Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial used in human medicine and with a potential application in food-producing animals, if the toxicological and pharmacological studies support this. Previous studies have shown that other fluoroquinolones and/or its metabolites produce lipid peroxidation in animal tissues but toxicological evaluation of levofloxacin communications are scarce. This work argues evaluate the possible lipid oxidation in broiler chickens and trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) tissues, after levofloxacin administration, using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances technique (TBARs). The values, TBARs/g of tissue, showed statistically significant differences in: trout muscle after a10mg/kg single administration of levofloxacin 50.2±3.2 vs control 17.1±3.8 (p<0.05) at 72 h; in chicken after a single 5mg/kg levofloxacin administration, the values were in muscle at 2 h, 6.2±1.2 vs control 3.7±1.3 (p<0.05) and in liver at 1h, 6.9±0.2 vs control 0.9±0.1 (p<0.05). This information which suggests oxidative effect induction in tissues should be deepened in future research.Fil: Weyers, A.. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria. Departamento de Salud Publica; ArgentinaFil: Ugnia, L. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria. Departamento de Salud Publica; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Ovando, Hugo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Clínica Animal; ArgentinaFil: Mañas, Fernando Javier. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria. Departamento de Salud Publica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gorla, Nora Bibiana Maria. Universidad "Juan Agustín Maza". Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Ambientales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria. Departamento de Salud Publica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Monitoring genotoxicity in humans exposed to pesticides: Preliminary study in children

El monitoreo de grupos de poblaciones humanas expuestos a agentes tóxicos es una herramienta valiosa en salud pública y ocupacional. Tiene como objetivo preservar la salud y la calidad de vida. Se describen los biomarcadores utilizados en la evaluación de daño genotóxico provocado por plaguicidas en monitoreos desarrollados en Argentina en poblaciones involuntariamente expuestas a estas sustancias y se presenta el primer monitoreo citogenético en niños expuestos ambientalmente a estas sustancias. Los biomarcadores utilizados en los ocho trabajos con poblaciones argentinas son aberraciones, intercambio de cromátidas hermanas, micronúcleos y cometas. El ensayo de micronúcleos (enfoque citoma) se realizó en la mucosa bucal de 19 niños de entre 5 y 12 años de edad de las localidades de Oncativo y Marcos Juárez (Provincia de Córdoba) que están rodeadas por campos cultivados con soja y maíz con aplicaciones estándares de plaguicidas. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos en la frecuencia de células con brotes (BR) y con micronúcleos (MN) por cada 1000 células analizadas y de los mismos con un grupo referente. El monitoreo genotóxico es importante porque constituye la base para integrar una correcta vigilancia médica en poblaciones en riesgo por exposición laboral o ambiental a sustancias químicas como plaguicidas.Monitoring human population groups exposed to toxic agents is a valuable tool in public and occupational health. It aims to preserve the health and quality of life. Biomarkers used in evaluation of genotoxic damage caused by pesticides developed in Argentina in monitoring populations chronically exposed to these substances and the first cytogenetic monitoring in children environmentally exposed to these substances occurs are described. Biomarkers used in eight jobs with Argentine populations are aberrations, sister chromatid exchange, micronuclei and comet. The micronucleus test (cytoma) was performed on the buccal mucosa of 19 children aged between 5 and 12 years of age localities Oncativo and Marcos Juarez (Cordoba province) which are surrounded by cultivated with soybean and corn fields with applications standard pesticide. Significant differences between the groups in the frequency of cells with buds (BR) and with micronuclei (MN) per 1000 cells analyzed and the relation thereof with a group were found. The genotoxic monitoring is important because it forms the basis for integrating proper medical surveillance in populations at risk for occupational or environmental chemical exposure as pesticides.Fil: Aiassa, Delia Elba. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Laboratorio de Genética y Mutagenesis Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Mañas, Fernando Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Laboratorio de Genética y Mutagenesis Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Bernardi, Natalí Gisela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Laboratorio de Genética y Mutagenesis Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Gentile, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Laboratorio de Genética y Mutagenesis Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Méndez, Álvaro. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Laboratorio de Genética y Mutagenesis Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Roma, Dardo Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Laboratorio de Genética y Mutagenesis Ambiental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Gorla, Nora Bibiana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Laboratorio de Genética y Mutagenesis Ambiental; Argentin

Association between telomere length, frailty and death in older adults.

Frailty is considered a clinical marker of functional ageing. Telomere length (TL) has been proposed as a biomarker of biological age but its role in human ageing is controversial. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the longitudinal association of TL with incident frailty and mortality in two cohorts of Spanish community–dwelling older adults. TL was determined at baseline in blood samples from older adults included in Toledo Study for Healthy Aging and ENRICA cohorts while frailty was determined by frailty phenotype (FP) at baseline and at follow-up (3.5 years). Deaths occurring during follow-up were also recorded. Associations of TL with frailty and mortality were analysed by logistic regression with progressive adjustment. Data were separately analysed in the two cohorts and in all subjects by performing a meta-analysis. TL was not different between frail and non-frail subjects. Longer telomeres were not associated with lower risk of prevalent frailty. Similarly, TL at baseline failed to predict incident frailty (OR: 1.04 [0.88–1.23]) or even the development of a new FP criterion (OR: 0.97 [0.90–1.05]) at follow-up. Lack of association was also observed when analysing the development of specific FP criteria. Finally, while frailty at baseline was significantly associated with higher risk of death at follow-up (OR: 4.08 [1.97–8.43], p < 0.001), TL did not significantly change the mortality risk (OR: 1.05 [0.94–1.16]). Results show that TL does not predict incident frailty or mortality in older adults. This suggests that TL is not a reliable biomarker of functional age.post-print660 K

Effects of flaxseed supplementation on lipid metabolism, oxidative balance and genetic damage in goats

Epidemiological evidence indicates that flaxseed reduces oxidative stress and cholesterol levels in blood. In this study we evaluated the lipid profile, oxidation of plasma lipids and genetic damage in goats fed on a diet supplemented with flaxseed. Thirteen adult male goats were split in two experimental groups; one of them was fed on a conventional diet of alfalfa and ground corn and the other group was fed on the same diet supplemented with 5% of flaxseed. Blood samples were obtained every 7 days to quantify the Thiobarbituric Acid-Reactive Substances (TBARs), total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triacylglycerols. Additionally, 3 blood samples and 3 oral mucosa samples were taken to each animal every 15 days to perform comet assay and micronucleus test. Flaxseed supplementation produces a remarkable antioxidant effect in plasma in a three months period that could explain the antigenotoxic effect determined through both micronucleus test and comet assay. In addition, we also found a reduction of LDL/HDL ratio and cholesterol levels in animals supplemented with flaxseed.Fil: Cecchini, Maria Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Clínica Animal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Roma, Dardo Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Clínica Animal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Magnago, Franco. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Clínica Animal; ArgentinaFil: Vilchez, Maria Laura. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Varea, María Cristina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Torreta, María Elena. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Aiassa, Delia Elba. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Mañas, Fernando Javier. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Clínica Animal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentin

Persistent drug-associated memories coexist with hippocampal-dependent cognitive decline and altered adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice withdrawn from cocaine.

Aims: Using a new animal model (‘chronic’ cocaine-induced conditioned place preference –CPP- paradigm), this work studied whether the long-term maintenance of cocaine-associated memories was concomitant to cognitive impairment and adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) alterations. Methods: Male c57BL/6J mice were submitted to a CPP task treated either with cocaine (20 mg/kg/day) or saline for 14 days (n=10 per group). Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered to label the new hippocampal neurons generated one week after the last cocaine dose. After 28 drug-free days, mice were assessed for the CPP memory and on a battery of emotional and cognitive behavioral tests. After completion of behavior, brains were collected for AHN analysis. Results: In mice treated with cocaine, preference for the cocaine-paired compartment (CPP memory) persisted over time. In addition, the cocaine-withdrawn mice overall displayed normal emotional behavior but they showed hippocampal-dependent cognitive impairment for novelty recognition (object and place) and spatial (reference and working) memory. The number of BrdU+ cells was unaffected, suggesting that cocaine withdrawal did not impair basal AHN. However, the cocaine-withdrawn mice excessively increased the number immature hippocampal neurons (doublecortin+) after behavioral training, in direct correlation with their cognitive performance, probably as a result of effortful learning. Conclusions: The CPP memory induced by cocaine remains unaltered after a prolonged period of abstinence, accompanied by defective acquisition of new learnings. Since the doublecortin+ neurons correlated with better cognitive performance in the cocaine-withdrawn mice, strategies that increase AHN could alleviate neurocognitive deficits induced by cocaine.Plan Propio Universidad de Málaga Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Cognitive impairment and persistent changes in exploration and hyperactivity in mice after withdrawn from chronic cocaine

PSI2017-82604; PRE2018-085673; I Plan Propio de Investigación, Transferencia y Divulgación Científica de la Universidad de MálagaLasting neurobehavioral adaptations such as cognitive decline are induced by chronic cocaine exposure in animal models. However, persistent changes in motor and exploratory responses are rarely reported. In this study, mice were administered a cocaine dose (COC, 20 mg/kg/day) or saline (SAL) repeatedly for 12 consecutive days in their home cage. After 24 days of drug withdrawal, they were submitted to a behavioral test battery to assess motor/exploratory activity and anxiety-like behavior (elevated plus maze and open field tests), behavioral despair (forced swimming test), working and reference memory (spontaneous alternation behavior –SAB- and novel place recognition memory tests). This behavioral assessment was carried out in drug-free conditions and in unfamiliar environments, so no cocaine-associated stimuli were presented. The cocaine-withdrawn mice showed cognitive deficits in spontaneous alternation behavior and place recognition memory. Importantly, they also displayed hyperlocomotion, increased rearing activity and altered exploratory patterns in different tasks. In the forced swimming test, they were more active (struggled/climbed more) when trying to escape from the water albeit showing similar immobility behavior than controls. In conclusion, in addition to cognitive deficits, chronic cocaine may induce lasting changes in psychomotor activation even in unfamiliar environments not associated to the drug. This outcome may be influenced by factors related to exploration, energy or emotionality.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Persistent changes in exploration and hyperactivity coexist with cognitive impairment in mice withdrawn from chronic cocaine

Repeated cocaine exposure induces lasting neurobehavioral adaptations such as cognitive decline in animal models. However, persistent changes in spontaneous –unconditioned- motor and exploratory responses are scarcely reported. In this study, mice were administered with cocaine (20 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 12 consecutive days. After 24 days of drug abstinence, a behavioral assessment was carried out in drug-free conditions and in unfamiliar environments (i.e. no cocaine-associated cues were presented). The cocaine-withdrawn mice showed cognitive deficits in spontaneous alternation behavior and place recognition memory. Importantly, they also displayed hyperlocomotion, increased rearing activity and altered exploratory patterns in different tasks. In the forced swimming test, they were more active (struggled/climbed more) when trying to escape from the water albeit showing normal immobility behavior. In conclusion, in addition to cognitive deficits, chronic cocaine in rodents may induce long-lasting alterations in exploratory activity and psychomotor activation that are triggered even in absence of drug-related stimuli.This study was funded by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO, Agencia Estatal de Investigación –AEI-) cofounded by the European Regional Development Fund-FEDER, UE- (PSI2015–73,156-JIN to E.C–O.; PSI2017–82604R to L.J.S.), RETICS Red de Trastornos Adictivos (ERDF-EU; RD16/0017/0001 to F.R.F.) and University of Málaga (B4: ‘Ayudas para Proyectos Puente’to E.C–O). Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga /CBUA. Authors M.C.M-P., F. A-G. and S. G-R. hold predoctoral grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (FPU17/00276 to M.C.M-P.; PRE2018–085673 to F.A-G.; and FPU18/00941 to S.G-R.). Author D.L.G.M. holds a postdoctoral grant from University of Málaga (A.3. Plan Propio de Investigación y Transferencia Universidad de Málaga)

Enhancement of adult hippocampal neurogenesis by spatial memory training and its effect on the maintenance of cocaine-contextual memory

Aims:Modulation of hippocampal memories related with cocaine addiction such as cocaine-context associations could have important clinical implications. It has been asserted that learning-related experiences promote hippocampal plasticity enhancing adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). Here we aimed to evaluate (1) the stimulation of AHN using a spatial learning task dependent on the hippocampus and (2) whether spatial learning reduces the long-term maintenance and reinstatement of previously acquired cocaine-associated contextual memories. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were first submitted to a cocaine induced conditioned place preference paradigm (CPP). Then, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered in order to label newborn neurons. One week after the last BrdU injection, a group of mice were trained in a spatial learning task using the Morris water maze while control animals received a non-hippocampal training or stayed undisturbed in their home-cages. Twenty seven days after conditioning, mice were tested for CPP retention and extinction. Finally, a cocaine priming-induced reinstatement of drug seeking was performed. Results: Animals trained in the spatial learning task exhibited a lower long-term CPP retention memory. In addition, cocaine-induced CPP reinstatement was attenuated in trained animals. Immunohistochemistry showed an increment in the BrdU+ cells in the hippocampus of trained animals in contrast with control animals. Conclusions: Spatial memory training using the Morris water maze constitutes a tool to promote the survival of newborn neurons in the hippocampus. Furthermore, stimulation of AHN might be a neurobiological mechanism by which spatial learning reduces the long-term maintenance of previous cocaine-context associative memory. Supported by PSI2017-82604 (MICINN Spain); PSI2015-73156-JIN. Universidad de Málaga.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Evaluation of cellular safety and the chemical composition of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) ethanolic extracts

Arachis hypogaea L. (Leguminosae) is distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. Peanut has high nutritional and commercial value. Scientific research showed that peanut has biological properties such as anticancer, antioxidant, antiinflammatory. However, it is necessary to know if consumption of peanut, either as food or as a phytopharmaceutical implies a health risk. The aim was to evaluate cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of ethanolic extracts from A. hypogaea. Also, chemical characterization of these extracts was performed. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT and Neutral Red Uptake (NRU) assays on Vero cells. Genotoxicity was studied by Micronuclei and comet assays on Balb/C mice. Qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis of extracts were performed. Results showed that extracts have low cytotoxicity. Tegument ethanolic extract (TEE) and Seed ethanolic extract (SEE) were not genotoxic. The treatments with TEE at 250 mg/kg and SEE at 2000 mg/kg revealed (highest concentrations evaluated) some toxicity on blood marrow cells of mice. Chemical characterization indicated that TEE had 74.33 1.10 mg GAE/g of dried extract and SEE had 15.05 0.06 mg GAE/g of dried extract of total phenolic content. Also, proanthocyanidins (O.D. at 550 nm 1.39 0.15) and caffeic acid (2.46%) were identified in TEE. While, linoleic acid (58.84%) oleic acid (11.31%) and palmitic acid (8.37%) were major compounds of SEE. In conclusion, peanut consumption is safe at concentrations recommended for healthy uses, such as nutrition, and phytomedicine.Fil: Menis Candela, Florencia. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Giordano, Walter Fabian. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud; ArgentinaFil: Quiroga, Patricia Liliana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Escobar, Franco Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Mañas, Fernando Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Roma, Dardo Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Larrauri, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Comini, Laura Raquel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentina. Ceprocor; ArgentinaFil: Soria, Elio Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Sabini, Maria Carola. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentin