Participação dos polimorfismos em genes que codificam TLRs, citocinas e NOS2 com a susceptibilidade à toxoplasmose ocular

Submitted by Repositório Arca ([email protected]) on 2019-07-02T18:47:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) maira_magalhaes_ioc_dout_2012.pdf: 3186769 bytes, checksum: ca8911bf9f7cc7f41a09c8f5e6ee24a1 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Dinelis ([email protected]) on 2019-09-10T18:36:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 maira_magalhaes_ioc_dout_2012.pdf: 3186769 bytes, checksum: ca8911bf9f7cc7f41a09c8f5e6ee24a1 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-10T18:36:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 maira_magalhaes_ioc_dout_2012.pdf: 3186769 bytes, checksum: ca8911bf9f7cc7f41a09c8f5e6ee24a1 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.A toxoplasmose é uma zoonose com distribuição mundial e prevalência que pode variar de 15 a 85%. Na maioria dos casos a infecção é assintomática. A toxoplasmose ocular pode ocasionar perdas visuais relacionadas à uveites. A resposta imune do hospedeiro tem um papel determinante no curso da infecção pelo Toxoplasma gondii e na evolução da doença onde, estão envolvidas citocinas como IL-12, IFN-, TNF-, TGF-, além da expressão de radicais de óxido nítrico (NO). Modificações no padrão destes fatores regulatórios da resposta imune podem acarretar no desequilíbrio da relação parasito-hospedeiro. Variações alélicas em regiões regulatórias de genes que codificam citocinas têm sido demonstradas afetando os níveis de expressão de algumas citocinas podendo assim influenciar no curso de infecções. Polimorfismos em genes que codificam citocinas têm sido associados com a susceptibilidade ou resistência a doenças infecciosas e parasitárias. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a ocorrência de polimorfismos nos genes que codificam IL-10 (–592C/A, –819C/T e –1082G/A), TNFA (–238G/A e –308G/A), NOS2A (–954G/C) e TLR4 (Asp299Gly e Thr399Ile) em indivíduos com toxoplasmose ocular e em indivíduos sororreagentes para a infecção por T. gondii sem lesão ocular com a finalidade de tentar correlaciona-los com o desenvolvimento da lesão ocular toxoplasmica. A casuística incluída nesta proposta foi oriunda de uma população rural do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram incluídos no estudo 34 indivíduos com lesão ocular (grupo ocular) e 134 indivíduos no grupo controle. Não foi observada diferença estatística significativa na distribuição genotípica e na frequência alélica ou haplotípica nos polimorfismos estudados. A média dos níveis séricos de nitrito e óxido nítrico foi similar entre os grupos ocular e controle, bem como quando separados pelos genótipos de NOS2A –954G/C. Desta forma, não evidenciamos na população estudada associações entre estes polimorfismos e a suscetibilidade à toxoplasmose ocular.Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis which prevalence ranges from 15 to 85%. In most cases the infection is asymptomatic. Ocular toxoplasmosis can cause vision loss associated to uveitis. Host immune response plays an important role in the course of Toxoplasma gondii infection and in disease evolutions are involved cytokines such as IL-12, IFN-, TNF-α, TGF-β, and nitric oxide (NO) radicals expression. Changes in the regulatory factors pattern of immune response can lead to a disequilibrium at host-parasite relationship. Allelic variations in regulatory regions of genes encoding cytokines have been shown to affect expression levels of some cytokines and may influence the course of infection. Polymorphisms in genes encoding cytokines have been associated with susceptibility or resistance to infectious and parasitic diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of polymorphisms in genes encoding IL-10 (-592C/A,-819C/T and1082G/A), TNFA (-238G/A and-308G/A), NOS2A (-954G/C) and TLR4 (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) in individuals with ocular toxoplasmosis and IgG serum positive individuals to T. gondii infection without ocular lesions in order to try to correlate them with the development of toxoplasmic ocular lesions. All the participants were from a rural population of Rio de Janeiro State. The study included 34 individuals with ocular toxoplasmosis (ocular group) and 134 individuals in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in genotype distribution or allele and haplotypes frequencies from all the polymorphisms studied. Mean serum levels of nitrite and nitric oxide were similar between ocular and control groups, and when separated by NOS2-954G/C genotypes. Thus, we do not evidentiate in this studied population association between these polymorphisms and susceptibility to ocular toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis: The influence of age, number of retinochoroidal lesions and genetic polymorphism for IFN-γ +874 T/A as risk factors for recurrence in a survival analysis.

PurposeTo analyze risk factors for recurrent toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis.DesignSingle center prospective case series.Population and methodsA total of 230 patients with toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis were prospectively followed to assess recurrences. All patients were treated with a specific drug regime for toxoplasmosis in each episode of active retinochoroiditis. Individuals with chronic diseases and pregnant women were excluded. Survival analysis by extended Cox regression model (Prentice-Williams-Peterson counting process model) was performed to evaluate the time between recurrences according to some potential risk factors: age, number of retinochoroidal lesions at initial evaluation, sex and interferon gamma +874 T/A gene polymorphism. Hazard Ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were provided to interpret the risk effects.ResultsOne hundred sixty-two recurrence episodes were observed in 104 (45.2%) patients during follow-up that lasted from 269 to 1976 days. Mean age at presentation was 32.8 years (Standard deviation = 11.38). The risk of recurrence during follow up was influenced by age (HR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.01-1.04) and number of retinochoroidal lesions at the beginning of the study (HR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.07-2.40). Heterozygosis for IFN-γ gene polymorphism at position +874 T/A was also associated with recurrence (HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.04-2.14).ConclusionThe risk of ocular toxoplasmosis recurrence after an active episode increased with age and was significantly higher in individuals with primary lesions, which suggests that individuals with this characteristic and the elderly could benefit from recurrence prophylactic strategies with antimicrobials. Results suggest an association between IFN-γ gene polymorphism at position +874T/A and recurrence

The IFN-³+874T/A gene polymorphism is associated with retinochoroiditis toxoplasmosis susceptibility

Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis that generally produces an asymptomatic infection. In some cases, however, toxoplasmosis infection can lead to ocular damage. The immune system has a crucial role in both the course of the infection and in the evolution of toxoplasmosis disease. In particular, IFN-³ plays an important role in resistance to toxoplasmosis. Polymorphisms in genes encoding cytokines have been shown to have an association with susceptibility to parasitic diseases. The aim of this work was to analyse the occurrence of polymorphisms in the gene encoding IFN-³ (+874T/A) among Toxoplasma gondii seropositive individuals, including those with ocular lesions caused by the parasite, from a rural population of Santa Rita de Cássia, Barra Mansa, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Further, we verified which of these polymorphisms could be related to susceptibility to the development of ocular toxoplasmosis. This study included 34 individuals with ocular toxoplasmosis (ocular group) and 134 without ocular lesions (control group). The differences between A and T allele distributions were not statistically significant between the two groups. However, we observed that a higher frequency of individuals from the ocular group possessed the A/A genotype, when compared with the control group, suggesting that homozygocity for the A allele could enhance susceptibility to ocular toxoplasmosis in T. gondii infection

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data