6,188 research outputs found
Scaling of Dzyaloshinskii Moriya interaction at heavy metal and ferromagnetic metal interfaces
The Dzyaloshinskii Moriya Interaction (DMI) at the heavy metal (HM) and
ferromagnetic metal (FM) interface has been recognized as a key ingredient in
spintronic applications. Here we investigate the chemical trend of DMI on the
5d band filling (5d^3~5d^10) of the HM element in HM/CoFeB/MgO multilayer thin
films. DMI is quantitatively evaluated by measuring asymmetric spin wave
dispersion using Brillouin light scattering. Sign reversal and 20 times
modification of the DMI coefficient D have been measured as the 5d HM element
is varied. The chemical trend can be qualitatively understood by considering
the 5d and 3d bands alignment at the HM/FM interface and the subsequent orbital
hybridization around the Fermi level. Furthermore, a positive correlation is
observed between DMI and spin mixing conductance at the HM/FM interfaces. Our
results provide new insights into the interfacial DMI for designing future
spintronic devices
Systemic adiponectin malfunction as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Adiponectin (Ad) is an abundant protein hormone regulatory of numerous metabolic processes. The 30 kDa protein originates from adipose tissue, with full-length and globular domain circulatory forms. A collagenous domain within Ad leads to spontaneous self-assemblage into various oligomeric isoforms, including trimers, hexamers, and high-molecular-weight multimers. Two membrane-spanning receptors for Ad have been identified, with differing concentration distribution in various body tissues. The major intracellular pathway activated by Ad includes phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase, which is responsible for many of Ad\u27s metabolic regulatory, anti-inflammatory, vascular protective, and anti-ischemic properties. Additionally, several AMP-activated protein kinase-independent mechanisms responsible for Ad\u27s anti-inflammatory and anti-ischemic (resulting in cardioprotective) effects have also been discovered. Since its 1995 discovery, Ad has garnered considerable attention for its role in diabetic and cardiovascular pathology. Clinical observations have demonstrated the association of hypoadiponectinemia in patients with obesity, cardiovascular disease, and insulin resistance. In this review, we elaborate currently known information about Ad malfunction and deficiency pertaining to cardiovascular disease risk (including atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiac injury), as well as review evidence supporting Ad resistance as a novel risk factor for cardiovascular injury, providing insight about the future of Ad research and the protein\u27s potential therapeutic benefits
Wavelength-multiplexed duplex transceiver based on III-V/Si hybrid integration for off-chip and on-chip optical interconnects
A six-channel wavelength-division-multiplexed optical transceiver with a compact footprint of 1.5 x 0.65 mm(2) for off-chip and on-chip interconnects is demonstrated on a single silicon-on-insulator chip. An arrayed waveguide grating is used as the (de)multiplexer, and III-V electroabsorption sections fabricated by hybrid integration technology are used as both modulators and detectors, which also enable duplex links. The 30-Gb/s capacity for each of the six wavelength channels for the off-chip transceiver is demonstrated. For the on-chip interconnect, an electrical-to-electrical 3-dB bandwidth of 13 GHz and a data rate of 30 Gb/s per wavelength are achieved
Interactions between CKD and MetS and the Development of CVD
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) consists of a combination of metabolic disorders, including increased abdominal circumference, hyperglycemia, elevated blood pressure, and lipid disorders. MetS is now widely accepted as a crucial risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. In addition, persistent proteinuria indicating chronic kidney disease (CKD) is well known as a powerful risk factor for the progression of end-stage renal disease and CVD. In recent years, patients with CKD and MetS appear to be increasing along with increasing incidence of CVD in industrial countries
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