The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment. An Empirical Study on China from 1999 to 2007

This paper examines the potential determinants of FDI on the country level from 1999 to 2007 by using Johansen-Juselius multivariate cointegration analysis and Granger causality test under Vector Error-correction model (VECM) framework. The findings of this study indicate that the labour cost, exchange rate and infrastructure development remained the important determinants of FDI in China for the period of 1999–2007. Besides, agglomeration effects have a significant impact on the new FDI. However, exchange rate becomes less significant in attracting inward foreign investments in China as compared with other factors. Surprisingly, the findings reveal that both the market size and its potential, and the degree of openness have insignificant effect on the inflows of FDI in China. The analysis of this study has important implications for Chinese government, during the time period that FDI is transformed from export orientated to market orientated. As Chinese labour cost gradually increases and the Yuan continues to revalue against the US dollar, the government should encourage capital-intensive FDI through the further development of skilled workforce and infrastructure. In addition, due to the significant impact of agglomeration effects on the inward FDI, instead of randomly allocating fiscal support to other aspects, giving preferences to focal cities that have the potential to develop as regional or national industrial cores, for example, the south-eastern coastal areas in China, could be more effective in attracting new FDI in the long run. Overall, the continuing endeavor to improve overall FDI-friendly environment of China is a longterm strateg

A Study on the Influencing Factors of Teaching Interaction on Deep Learning from the Perspective of Social Cognitive Theory

Based on Social Cognitive Theory SCT a research model is constructed with teaching interaction as the independent variable self-efficacy as the mediating variable and Deep learning as the dependent variable The research uses regression analysis and Bootstrap test to explore the impact of teaching interaction on college students Deep learning and the mediating role of self-efficacy The research results show that teaching interaction positively and significantly affects college students Deep learning and self- efficacy of which material-chemical interaction has the most significant effect on college students Deep learning 0 431 self-efficacy positively affects college students Deep learning 0 255 and play a partial mediating role in teaching interaction and Deep learning Finally the research proposes to build a multi-modal interaction mechanism to promote the realization of Deep learning to create an embodied collaborative learning context to improve the quality of teaching interaction Learn and referenc

Effects of losses in the hybrid atom-light interferometer

Enhanced Raman scattering can be obtained by injecting a seeded light field which is correlated with the initially prepared collective atomic excitation. This Raman amplification process can be used to realize atom-light hybrid interferometer. We numerically calculate the phase sensitivities and the signal-to-noise ratios of this interferometer with the method of homodyne detection and intensity detection, and give their differences between this two methods. In the presence of loss of light field and atomic decoherence the measure precision will be reduced which can be explained by the break of the intermode decorrelation conditions of output modesComment: 9 pages, 7 figure

Transversus abdominis plane block reduces remifentanil and propofol consumption, evaluated by closed-loop titration guided by bispectral index.

The present prospective, randomized, double-blind study aimed to determine the impact of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block on propofol and remifentanil consumption, when administered by closed-loop titration guided by processed electroencephalography, i.e., bispectral index (BIS) values. Following institutional review board approval, 60 patients were scheduled for laparoscopic colectomy under general anesthesia. Patients were randomly assigned to receive bilateral TAP block with 20 ml 0.375% ropivacaine (TAP group) or 20 ml 0.9% saline [control (CON) group]. General anesthesia was maintained with propofol and remifentanil administration using closed-loop titration guided by BIS values. The primary outcome was perioperative propofol and remifentanil consumption. The secondary outcomes were hypertensive or hypotensive events requiring treatment, recovery time in PACU and time to first rescue analgesia following surgery. A total of 58 patients participated in the present study. At similar depths of anesthesia, as measured by BIS during the maintenance phase (45-55), patients who received TAP blocks required less propofol (4.2±1.3 vs. 5.5±1.6 mg/kg/h; P<0.001) and remifentanil (0.16±0.05 vs. 0.21±0.05 µg/kg/min; P<0.001). Time to extubation was significantly shorter in the TAP group (9.8±3.2 min) than in the CON group (14.2±4.9 min) (P<0.05). The requirement to treat hemodynamic change was also significantly lower (P<0.05). Pain score at 2 h after surgery was also significantly reduced in the TAP group compared with the CON group (P<0.05), whereas the time to first rescue analgesia was delayed in patients who received TAP block (P<0.05). Postoperative nausea and vomiting occurred at comparable rates in each group (P>0.05). In conclusion, TAP block combined with general anesthesia reduced propofol and remifentanil consumption, shortened time to tracheal extubation and promoted hemodynamic stability in laparoscopic colectomy

4-Chloro-5-[(5,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro­isoxazol-3-yl)sulfonyl­meth­yl]-3-methyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoro­ethyl)-1H-pyrazole

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C12H15ClF3N3O3S, is twisted, as indicated by the C—S—C—C torsion angle of 66.00 (18)° for the atoms linking the ring systems. An intra­molecular C—H⋯F short contact occurs. In the crystal, non-classical C—H⋯O inter­actions, one of which has a short H⋯O contact of 2.28 Å, link the mol­ecules

Comparison of endostatin(endostar)and avastin's inhibition effect on mice choroidal neovascularization

AIM:To observe the inhibition effect of endostatin(endostar)on mice choroidal neovascularization model(CNV)and compare with the Avastin.<p>METHODS: Using 532nm laser photocoagulation to establish a mouse model of CNV. We observed the formation of CNV by histopathological examination after 2wk later. Forty successful models of mice were randomly divided into control group(group 1, 10 rats), normal saline group(group 2, 10 rats), endostatin group(group 3, 10 rats)and avastin group(group 4, 10 rats). The drugs were injected into the mice' vitreous after photocoagulation 2wk later. Then 1wk later, we took the mice eyeballs to perform the HE and immunohistochemical staining to observe. The statistical analysis of ANOVA was done by SPSS 16.0 and the LSD-<i>t</i> test was used for multiple samples, taking <i>P</i><0.05 as the test standards.<p>RESULTS: Two weeks later, HE histopathological examination was done, light microscope showed large amount of new vessels' formation, the positive rate for CNV was 72.8%. The blank control group compared with the normal saline group <i>P</i>>0.05, had no inhibitory effect on CNV; endostatin treated group compared with control group, <i>P</i><0.05, had a certain inhibitory effect; avastin group compared with the control group, <i>P</i><0.05, had an inhibitory effect on CNV; the LSD-<i>t</i> was performed on Avastin group and endostatin group, <i>P</i><0.05, which were statistically significant. We thought that the two drugs have different inhibitory effect on mice' CNV, because <i>(-overx)</i>_Avastin=26.90,<i>(-overx)</i>_endostatin=29.13,<i>(-overx)</i>_Avastin<<i>(-overx)</i>_endostatin, we can infer that endostar had lower inhibitory effect on mice CNV than Avastin.<p>CONCLUSION: Laser-induced CNV animal models of colored mice C57BL/6J is of short time and high rate establishment and it is an ideal model for CNV study. Endostar has certain inhibitory effect on CNV, and it is likely to become one of the important drugs for CNV-related diseases in the future