Investigating what level of visual information inspires trust in a user of a highly automated vehicle

The aim of this research is to investigate whether visual feedback alone can affect a driver’s trust in an autonomous vehicle, and in particular, what level of feedback (no feedback vs. moderate feedback vs. high feedback) will evoke the appropriate level of trust. Before conducting the experiment, the Human Machine Interfaces (HMI) were piloted with two sets of six participants (before and after iterations), to ensure the meaning of the displays can be understood by all. A static driving simulator experiment was conducted with a sample of 30 participants (between 18 and 55). Participants completed two pre-study questionnaires to evaluate previous driving experience, and attitude to trust in automation. During the study, participants completed a trust questionnaire after each simulated scenario to assess their trust level in the autonomous vehicle and HMI displays, and on intention to use and acceptance. The participants were shown 10 different driving scenarios that lasted approximately 2 minutes each. Results indicated that the ‘high visual feedback’ group recorded the highest trust ratings, with this difference significantly higher than for the ‘no visual feedback’ group (U = .000; p = <0.001 < α) and the ‘moderate visual feedback’ group (U = .000; p = <0.001 < α). There is an upward inclination of trust in all groups due to familiarity to both the interfaces and driving simulator over time. Participants’ trust level was also influenced by the driving scenario, with trust reducing in all displays during safety verses non-safety-critical situations

B_c meson rare decays in the light-cone quark model

We investigate the rare decays $B_c \rightarrow D_s(1968) \ell \bar{\ell}$ and $B_c\rightarrow D_s^*(2317) \ell \bar{\ell}$ in the framework of the light-cone quark model (LCQM). The transition form factors are calculated in the space-like region and then analytically continued to the time-like region via exponential parametrization. The branching ratios and longitudinal lepton polarization asymmetries (LPAs) for the two decays are given and compared with each other. The results are helpful to investigating the structure of $B_c$ meson and to testing the unitarity of CKM quark mixing matrix. All these results can be tested in the future experiments at the LHC.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figures, version accepted for publication in EPJ

Genetics of diabetic microvascular disease

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Diabetic microvascular complications, affecting the kidneys, retina, and the nervous system, are a heavy burden for both the diabetic individual and society. The complications seem to cluster in families suggesting a genetic component in their pathogenesis. However, the actual genetic factors have long remained unknown. During the past few years, major advances have been made with large-scale genetic studies that have identified common genetic risk factors, e.g. in the AFF3 and CNKSR3 gene loci affecting the risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) end-stage renal disease. There is increasing evidence that genetic factors affecting kidney disease in non-diabetic individuals also affect the risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), while less evidence is found for individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). While genetic explorations for diabetic retinopathy remain limited in sample size, a recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified variants associated with retinopathy on the GRB2 gene. Nevertheless, the field is still lacking strong validated genetic markers. In the future, better phenotyping, larger studies, and exploration of the rare variation are essential to identify the genetic causes behind diabetic microvascular complications, and to understand the interplay between genes and environment.Peer reviewe

Effect of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine on antioxidant capacity, oxidative stability and color reversion of camellia seed oil

Non-hydratable phospholipids as pro-oxidants are likely to cause a decrease in the quality of vegetable oils. The influence of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) on the oxidative stability, antioxidant capacity and color reversion of refined camellia seed oil (RCSO) was evaluated in this work. The PE/PS addition could improve the oxidative stability and antioxidant capacity, but was not a key factor in the color reversion of RCSO. The results clearly showed that PE and PS were not prooxidants but antioxidants in camellia seed oil, and the findings of the present study would be useful for extending the shelf-life of camellia seed oil and for retaining phospholipids during moderate refining

Charmless Bs→PP,PV,VVB_s\to PP, PV, VV Decays Based on the six-quark Effective Hamiltonian with Strong Phase Effects II

We provide a systematic study of charmless $B_s \to PP, PV, VV$ decays ($P$ and $V$ denote pseudoscalar and vector mesons, respectively) based on an approximate six-quark operator effective Hamiltonian from QCD. The calculation of the relevant hard-scattering kernels is carried out, the resulting transition form factors are consistent with the results of QCD sum rule calculations. By taking into account important classes of power corrections involving "chirally-enhanced" terms and the vertex corrections as well as weak annihilation contributions with non-trivial strong phase, we present predictions for the branching ratios and CP asymmetries of $B_s$ decays into PP, PV and VV final states, and also for the corresponding polarization observables in VV final states. It is found that the weak annihilation contributions with non-trivial strong phase have remarkable effects on the observables in the color-suppressed and penguin-dominated decay modes. In addition, we discuss the SU(3) flavor symmetry and show that the symmetry relations are generally respected

Recognizing basal cell carcinoma on smartphone‐captured digital histopathology images with a deep neural network

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154530/1/bjd18026.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154530/2/bjd18026_am.pd

Process Evaluation of the Tier 1 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S.

To understand the implementation quality of the Tier 1 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S., two observers carried out process evaluation in six schools randomly selected from the participating schools in the form of systematic observations of 12 units. Results showed that the overall level of program adherence was generally high, ranging from 50% to 95%, with an average of 84.5%. High implementation quality of the program in the areas of student interest, student participation and involvement, classroom control, use of interactive delivery method, use of strategies to enhance student motivation, instructors familiarity with the students, opportunity for reflection, degree of achievement of the objectives, quality of preparation, overall implementation quality, and success of implementation was also observed. The findings provide support for the implementation quality of the program

Large Electric Dipole Moments of Heavy Neutrinos

In many models of CP violation, the electric dipole moment (EDM) of a heavy charged or neutral lepton could be very large. We present an explicit model in which a heavy neutrino EDM can be as large as $10^{-16}$ e-cm, or even a factor of ten larger if fine-tuning is allowed, and use an effective field theory argument to show that this result is fairly robust. We then look at the production cross section for these neutrinos, and by rederiving the Bethe-Block formula, show that they could leave an ionization track. It is then noted that the first signature of heavy neutrinos with a large EDM would come from $e^+e^-\to \bar{N}N\gamma$, leading to a very large rate for single photon plus missing energy events, and the rate and angular distribution are found. Finally, we look at some astrophysical consequences, including whether these neutrinos could constitute the UHE cosmic rays and whether their decays in the early universe could generate a net lepton asymmetry.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figure

Measurements of J/psi Decays into 2(pi+pi-)eta and 3(pi+pi-)eta

Based on a sample of 5.8X 10^7 J/psi events taken with the BESII detector, the branching fractions of J/psi--> 2(pi+pi-)eta and J/psi-->3(pi+pi-)eta are measured for the first time to be (2.26+-0.08+-0.27)X10^{-3} and (7.24+-0.96+-1.11)X10^{-4}, respectively.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure

BESII Detector Simulation

A Monte Carlo program based on Geant3 has been developed for BESII detector simulation. The organization of the program is outlined, and the digitization procedure for simulating the response of various sub-detectors is described. Comparisons with data show that the performance of the program is generally satisfactory.Comment: 17 pages, 14 figures, uses elsart.cls, to be submitted to NIM