874 research outputs found
Touchalytics: On the Applicability of Touchscreen Input as a Behavioral Biometric for Continuous Authentication
We investigate whether a classifier can continuously authenticate users based
on the way they interact with the touchscreen of a smart phone. We propose a
set of 30 behavioral touch features that can be extracted from raw touchscreen
logs and demonstrate that different users populate distinct subspaces of this
feature space. In a systematic experiment designed to test how this behavioral
pattern exhibits consistency over time, we collected touch data from users
interacting with a smart phone using basic navigation maneuvers, i.e., up-down
and left-right scrolling. We propose a classification framework that learns the
touch behavior of a user during an enrollment phase and is able to accept or
reject the current user by monitoring interaction with the touch screen. The
classifier achieves a median equal error rate of 0% for intra-session
authentication, 2%-3% for inter-session authentication and below 4% when the
authentication test was carried out one week after the enrollment phase. While
our experimental findings disqualify this method as a standalone authentication
mechanism for long-term authentication, it could be implemented as a means to
extend screen-lock time or as a part of a multi-modal biometric authentication
system.Comment: to appear at IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics & Security;
Download data from http://www.mariofrank.net/touchalytics
Diffusion approximation for equilibrium Kawasaki dynamics in continuum
A Kawasaki dynamics in continuum is a dynamics of an infinite system of
interacting particles in which randomly hop over the space. In
this paper, we deal with an equilibrium Kawasaki dynamics which has a Gibbs
measure as invariant measure. We study a diffusive limit of such a
dynamics, derived through a scaling of both the jump rate and time. Under weak
assumptions on the potential of pair interaction, , (in particular,
admitting a singularity of at zero), we prove that, on a set of smooth
local functions, the generator of the scaled dynamics converges to the
generator of the gradient stochastic dynamics. If the set on which the
generators converge is a core for the diffusion generator, the latter result
implies the weak convergence of finite-dimensional distributions of the
corresponding equilibrium processes. In particular, if the potential is
from and sufficiently quickly converges to zero
at infinity, we conclude the convergence of the processes from a result in
[Choi {\it et al.}, J. Math. Phys. 39 (1998) 6509--6536]
Barrier-to-autointegration factor 1 protects against a basal cGAS-STING response
Although the pathogen recognition receptor pathways that activate cell-intrinsic antiviral responses are well delineated, less is known about how the host regulates this response to prevent sustained signaling and possible immune-mediated damage. Using a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening approach to identify host factors that modulate interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, we identified the DNA binding protein Barrier-to-autointegration factor 1 (Banf1), a previously described inhibitor of retrovirus integration, as a modulator of basal cell-intrinsic immunity. Ablation of Banf1 by gene editing resulted in chromatin activation near host defense genes with associated increased expression of ISGs, includin
Network resilience
Many systems on our planet are known to shift abruptly and irreversibly from
one state to another when they are forced across a "tipping point," such as
mass extinctions in ecological networks, cascading failures in infrastructure
systems, and social convention changes in human and animal networks. Such a
regime shift demonstrates a system's resilience that characterizes the ability
of a system to adjust its activity to retain its basic functionality in the
face of internal disturbances or external environmental changes. In the past 50
years, attention was almost exclusively given to low dimensional systems and
calibration of their resilience functions and indicators of early warning
signals without considerations for the interactions between the components.
Only in recent years, taking advantages of the network theory and lavish real
data sets, network scientists have directed their interest to the real-world
complex networked multidimensional systems and their resilience function and
early warning indicators. This report is devoted to a comprehensive review of
resilience function and regime shift of complex systems in different domains,
such as ecology, biology, social systems and infrastructure. We cover the
related research about empirical observations, experimental studies,
mathematical modeling, and theoretical analysis. We also discuss some ambiguous
definitions, such as robustness, resilience, and stability.Comment: Review chapter
Size effects and depolarization field influence on the phase diagrams of cylindrical ferroelectric nanoparticles
Ferroelectric nanoparticles of different shape and their nanocomposites are
actively studied in modern physics. Because of their applications in many
fields of nanotechnology, the size effects and the possible disappearance of
ferroelectricity at a critical particle volume attract a growing scientific
interest. In this paper we study the size effects of the cylindrical
nanoparticle phase diagrams allowing for effective surface tension and
depolarization field influence. The Euler-Lagrange equations were solved by
direct variational method. The approximate analytical expression for the
paraelectric-ferroelectric transition temperature dependence on nanoparticle
sizes, polarization gradient coefficient, extrapolation length, effective
surface tension and electrostriction coefficient was derived. It was shown that
the transition temperature could be higher than the one of the bulk material
for nanorods and nanowires in contrast to nanodisks, where the decrease takes
place. The critical sizes and volume of ferroelectric-paraelectric phase
transition are calculated. We proved that among all cylindrical shapes a
nanobar reveals the minimal critical volume. We predicted the enhancement of
ferroelectric properties in nanorods and nanowires. Obtained results explain
the observed ferroelectricity enhancement in nanorods and could be very useful
for elaboration of modern nanocomposites with perfect polar properties.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl
Extreme risk induced by communities in interdependent networks
10.1038/s42005-019-0144-6Communications Physics214
Yes‐Associated Protein Inhibits Transcription of Myocardin and Attenuates Differentiation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell from Cardiovascular Progenitor Cell Lineage
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135973/1/stem2484_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135973/2/stem2484.pd
Endothelium- targeted overexpression of Krüppel- like factor 11 protects the blood- brain barrier function after ischemic brain injury
Microvascular endothelial cell (EC) injury and the subsequent blood- brain barrier (BBB) breakdown are frequently seen in many neurological disorders, including stroke. We have previously documented that peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)- mediated cerebral protection during ischemic insults needs Krüppel- like factor 11 (KLF11) as a critical coactivator. However, the role of endothelial KLF11 in cerebrovascular function and stroke outcome is unclear. This study is aimed at investigating the regulatory role of endothelial KLF11 in BBB preservation and neurovascular protection after ischemic stroke. EC- targeted overexpression of KLF11 significantly mitigated BBB leakage in ischemic brains, evidenced by significantly reduced extravasation of BBB tracers and infiltration of peripheral immune cells, and less brain water content. Endothelial cell- selective KLF11 transgenic (EC- KLF11 Tg) mice also exhibited smaller brain infarct and improved neurological function in response to ischemic insults. Furthermore, EC- targeted transgenic overexpression of KLF11 preserved cerebral tight junction (TJ) levels and attenuated the expression of pro- inflammatory factors in mice after ischemic stroke. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that KLF11 directly binds to the promoter of major endothelial TJ proteins including occludin and ZO- 1 to promote their activities. Our data indicate that KLF11 functions at the EC level to preserve BBB structural and functional integrity, and therefore, confers brain protection in ischemic stroke. KLF11 may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ischemic stroke and other neurological conditions involving BBB breakdown and neuroinflammation.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155919/1/bpa12831_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155919/2/bpa12831.pd
Genome maps across 26 human populations reveal population-specific patterns of structural variation.
Large structural variants (SVs) in the human genome are difficult to detect and study by conventional sequencing technologies. With long-range genome analysis platforms, such as optical mapping, one can identify large SVs (>2 kb) across the genome in one experiment. Analyzing optical genome maps of 154 individuals from the 26 populations sequenced in the 1000 Genomes Project, we find that phylogenetic population patterns of large SVs are similar to those of single nucleotide variations in 86% of the human genome, while ~2% of the genome has high structural complexity. We are able to characterize SVs in many intractable regions of the genome, including segmental duplications and subtelomeric, pericentromeric, and acrocentric areas. In addition, we discover ~60 Mb of non-redundant genome content missing in the reference genome sequence assembly. Our results highlight the need for a comprehensive set of alternate haplotypes from different populations to represent SV patterns in the genome
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