Values of Life of the People of Neithal Land

During the era of classical languages, classical literature can be seen in the writings of classical authors. There should be maturity in language, character, maturity, principles, broad mind, broad vision, idealism, high generality, dignity, control, discernment, character, clarity, etc. Any literature that is written in a language that does not have a high level of language development, richness, strength, and ability to mould itself according to time will not be considered classical literature. Similar to how the language is nurtured, literature written by such individuals cannot be considered classical literature since they lack character, a broad perspective, and a true heart. In this case, Tamil was a cultural language during the Sangam period. It can be known from its concepts. It is no exaggeration to say that this period was a fertile period for the emergence of classical literature. Among these ancient Sangam works, the Sangam literature accurately described the ancient people's living circumstances in the weaving department, which was divided into five categories. These are divided internally by prioritizing masculinity and femininity and highlighting the personality of the individual. Also in the Sangam literature, there are four that deal with time, soil, and life. They are Kurinji, Mullai, Marutham, Neithal, etc. A specific way of life and culture have been established for each department. Every sector has a distinct culture and way of life. These include textiles that depict coastal life. Additionally, coastal trading began in this area. The aim of this research article is to reveal the life values of the people who lived on this land

Plant Growth Regulators in Mulberry

Plant growth regulators are organic compounds synthesized in specified plant parts in small quantity and are transported to the place of requirement leading to a change in physiological responses. Plant growth regulators can be classified into growth promoters and growth retardants. Plant growth regulators are auxins, gibberellin, cytokinin and growth retardants are Abscisic acid and ethylene. The latest one added to the growth promoter is Brassinosteroid, used to translocate the nitrogen and phosphorus. Triacontanol is one of the commercial formulations and used to increase the moisture and protein content of leaves, which ultimately built the disease resistance in silkworm. Plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria stimulates the plant growth regulators like auxins, gibberellins etc., and help in better nutrient uptake and increase tolerance. Vermicompost also contains some plant growth regulators. The combined effect of different plant growth regulators will give positive result in mulberry growth

Ownership Structure and Market Liquidity – Sectorial Evidence From India

A firm’s ownership consists of shares held by promoters, public, institutions and other bodies. Ownership concentration in fewer hands leads to amplified agency cost and information asymmetry and impinge on the firm’s performance and market liquidity. Given the large number of liquidity measures and methodologies employed both by practitioners and academic researchers, this paper examines the market liquidity using impact cost, turnover ratio and coefficient of elasticity of trading. Looking at the logic behind their construction, and how they relate to each other and its relation with constituents of firm’s ownership structure, this study also attempts to find the relationship between the ownership structure and liquidity indicators. NSE Banking index stocks were taken as the sample for the period from July 2013 to June 2014. It is observed that the market liquidity as measured by impact cost and turnover ratio is not influenced by promoter group holding, institutions shareholders and non institutions shareholders and it confirms the findings of Paul Brockman, Dennis Y. Chung, and Xuemin (Sterling) Yan (2009). However, promoter group holding and institutions shareholding are significant explanation variables for market liquidity as measured by coefficient of trading model. The granger causality test confirms that public shareholding granger cause coefficient of elasticity of trading. It also shows that there is no causal relationship between promoter group holding, public shareholding, institutions shareholding, non institutions shareholding, and impact cost and turnover ratios. Keywords: ownership structure, market liquidity, impact cost, granger causality

Nexus between Ownership Structure and Stock Liquidity Evidence from Indian Service Sector

This study attempts to find relationship between the firm ownership structure and stock liquidity. Data for this study is taken from the listed stocks of National stocks exchange which are the constituents of CNX500 index, and it includes 74 financial sector, 26 Information technologies and 7 telecommunication sector companies. The sample data for the study is taken from 2009 to 2015 and stock liquidity is measured by using Amihud illiquidity ratio (2002) and turnover ratio. Concentration of ownership in few hands means less liquidity.  It is found that public is the largest shareholder in case of Information technology firms with equal representation from institutions and non institutional holdings and has enhanced liquidity as measured by amihud illiquidity ratio compared to financial service and telecommunication sector. Independent variables like percentage of shares held by mutual fund institutions, financial Institutions, Insurance companies, FII, Individuals holding less than 1 lakh, and Individuals holdings more than 1 lakh have significant positive influence on stock liquidity. The study found that public concentration of firm ownership lead to better liquidity as it enhances the frequency of trade. Higher promoter shareholdings affect the liquidity adversely. Public shareholdings and turnover ratio are highly correlated; indicating better liquidity for shareholders and financial service stocks have superior liquidity compared to Information technology and telecommunication stocks. Keywords: Ownership structure, stock liquidity, Amihud Illiquidity ratio Promoter holdings JEL category: G23, G2

Larvicidal and Smoke Repellent Activities of Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. against the Malarial Vector Anopheles stephensi Lis (Diptera: Culicidae)

As we talk about diseases certainly we have to say about the vectors and the major disease causing vectors is mosquito. The natural products have been a rich source of medicines since they provide a host of many bioactive compounds with a wide range of applications. Anopheles stephensi which transmits plasmodium responsible for malarial fever. Vector control can be achieved by using insecticidal larvicidal organophosphorates or synthetic compounds. The toxicity of the chemical has side effects. More over the constant use of these chemicals will lead to gain the resistance to these mosquitoes. As a result Investigations were made to evaluate the larvicidal activity and smoke repellent potential of Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. (Family: Bignoniaceae) to identify suitable bio active compound in selected medicinal plants. The present paper deals with larvicidal and mosquito repellency activity of Spathodea campanulata. The extracts of Spathodea campanulata were found most effective with LC50 value of 1.343, 1.607, 1.981, 2.165, 2.432 of I, II, III, IV and pupa respectively. The smoke toxicity was more effective against the Anopheles stephensi. Smoke exposed gravid females oviposited fewer eggs when compared to those that were not exposed

Analysis of Inductance Gradient and Current Density Distribution Over Different Cross-section of Rails

In a rail gun system the armature accelerated due to the Lorentz force caused by the current which is diffused in to the rails. The entire system depends on the inductance gradient of the rail which is directly connected to the accelerating performance and efficiency of railgun. Hence, the exact analysis of inductance gradient is extremely significant for the railgun design. Since short duration of current pulse is applied to the rails determination of inductance gradient is very difficult. The inductance gradient varies with the geometric dimensions of the rails and armature. And it can be calculated with analytical method and numerical methods. In this paper inductance gradient of the rail has been computed and compared with the different rail cross-sectional models using Ansoft Maxwell Eddy current solver uses finite element technique to calculate the field distribution in a space. The current density, magnetic flux density, repulsive force acting on the rails also computed to analyze the performance of rail gun

Isolation and characterization of anticoagulant compound from marine mollusc Donax faba (Gmelin, 1791) from Thazhanguda, Southeast Coast of India

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear polysaccharides found in the extracellular matrix and biological fluids of animals where they interact with hundreds of proteins and perform a variety of critical roles. There are five classes of animal GAGs: heparan sulfate (HS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS), keratan sulfate (KS) and hyaluronan (HA). Many biological functions can be monitored directly by their impact on GAG quantity. In the present study, glycosaminoglycans were isolated from marine bivalve Donax faba. The amount of crude GAG was estimated as 12 gm/kg and of tissue in D. faba. After purification using gel  chromatography, the yield was found to be 0.83 mg/kg. The bivalve showed the anticoagulant activity of the crude and purified samples 58 and 114 USP units/mg correspondingly in D. faba. The structural characterization of anticoagulant GAG was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Among the marine bivalve, D. faba purified showed more anticoagulant activity than that of crude sample. The results of this study suggest that the GAG from D. faba could be an alternative source of heparin.Keywords: Donax faba, GAGs crude and purified, anticoagulant activity, Fourier transform- infra red (FTIR).African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(40), pp. 5968-597

Microstructure and mechanical characterization of aluminum seamless tubes produced by friction stir back extrusion

Abstract: Friction stir back extrusion (FSBE) is emerging as a novel method to produce high strength fine grained metallic tubes. The objective of the present work is to produce aluminum seamless tubes from solid cylindrical bars using FSBE and to report the microstructure and mechanical characterization. A die, tool and fixture were designed to carry out FSBE. A conventional friction stir welding machine was utilized for FSBE. A cylindrical bar of aluminum alloy AA6061-T6 was kept inside the hole in the die and extruded by plunging the rotating tool. The microstructure of the produced tubes was studied using optical microscopy. The microstructure was found to be homogeneous along the tube. The microhardness and compressive strength of the tube are presented in this paper. The results indicate that FSBE process is capable of producing sound aluminum seamless tubes

FIRST COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE OF OCULAR ISOLATE CARRYING BLAVIM-2 MEDIATED MULTI-DRUG-RESISTANT(MDR) PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA VRFPA04 FROM INDIA AND TWO DRAFT GENOME SEQUENCE OF OCULAR ISOLATES PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA VRFPA03 AND VRFPA05 HARBORING NOVEL BLA

Objective: Ocular infections caused by Multi-Drug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa are rare but increasingly identified recently. In this context, we have applied Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) based whole genome analysis on three ocular isolates of MDR P. aeruginosa to explore the drug resistance determinants and genomic level variations.Methods: Three ocular isolates namely P. aeruginosa VRFP03, VRFPA04 from two different Keratitis patients (corneal button) and VRFPA05 isolated from the intraocular specimen (Vitreous humor) collected from an endophthalmitis patient was included in this study. Phenotypically VRFPA03, VRFPA04, VRFPA05 showed resistant to a wide group of antibiotics and hence they were taken up for Ion Torrent-PGM based whole genome study.Results: Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of MDR P. aeruginosa VRFPA04 isolated from the Indian keratitis patients clinical specimen (corneal button) submitted to L & T Microbiology Research Centre, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The circular chromosome of P aeruginosa VRFPA04 was published under the NCBI accession number CP008739.2. Two Draft genome sequences of MDR P. aeruginosa VRFPA03 and VRFPA05 were published under the NCBI accession number ATNK01000000.1 and AXZJ01000000.1 respectively.Conclusion: Preliminary genomic analysis on P. aeruginosa VRFPA03, VRFPA04 and VRFPA05 revealed the presence of Metallo Beta-lactamase (MBL) genes blaDim-1, blaVim-2 andblaGes-9 genes respectively. These MBL genes were concordance with a phenotypic pattern of carbapenem resistance among VRFPA03, VRFPA04 and VRFPA05 strains, respectively. We are proud to share that this is the first of its kind to report blaDIM-1 from an Indianisolate especially from an Ocular origin.Â