Image Quality Assessment using Image Details in Frequency Domain

This research proposes a RR (Reduced Reference) DIQAM (Detailed Image Quality Assessment Meter) for DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) based compressed images. DCT technique divides image in sub blocks to achieve image compression.Therefore, it degrades the IQ (Image Quality) by introducing the distortions called blockiness and blurriness in the compressed image.In the telecommunication systems scenario, the systems available bandwidth is limited. The proposed IQ assessment technique requires fewer image details parameters called RR parameters at the receiver, rather than the complete reference image. This paper suggests a method for receiving end to estimate the objective quality of the received image in frequency domain.The proposed IQ meter starts by taking the image through edge detection method, then converting it into frequency domain by Fourier transform and estimating the image details. The image details calculations include the vertical and horizontal ac harmonics as well as all other ac coefficients present in the image. It has been shown in the presented work that using dc coefficients with the other ac coefficients further improves the quality assessment.The calculated strength of coded image details at receiver is compared with the received RR parameter for the estimation of distortions, blockiness and blurriness. The accuracy of the designed RR DIQAM algorithm is proved by correlating the estimated objective values of the distortions with the LIVE image database2 subjective DMOS values of blockiness and blurriness. The results obtained by the proposed technique are well matched with the LIVE database values and provide 94-96% correlation

Interactive Effect of Learning Rate and Batch Size to Implement Transfer Learning for Brain Tumor Classification

For classifying brain tumors with small datasets, the knowledge-based transfer learning (KBTL) approach has performed very well in attaining an optimized classification model. However, its successful implementation is typically affected by different hyperparameters, specifically the learning rate (LR), batch size (BS), and their joint influence. In general, most of the existing research could not achieve the desired performance because the work addressed only one hyperparameter tuning. This study adopted a Cartesian product matrix-based approach, to interpret the effect of both hyperparameters and their interaction on the performance of models. To evaluate their impact, 56 two-tuple hyperparameters from the Cartesian product matrix were used as inputs to perform an extensive exercise, comprising 504 simulations for three cutting-edge architecture-based pre-trained Deep Learning (DL) models, ResNet18, ResNet50, and ResNet101. Additionally, the impact was also assessed by using three well-known optimizers (solvers): SGDM, Adam, and RMSProp. The performance assessment showed that the framework is an efficient framework to attain optimal values of two important hyperparameters (LR and BS) and consequently an optimized model with an accuracy of 99.56%. Further, our results showed that both hyperparameters have a significant impact individually as well as interactively, with a trade-off in between. Further, the evaluation space was extended by using the statistical ANOVA analysis to validate the main findings. F-test returned with p < 0.05, confirming that both hyperparameters not only have a significant impact on the model performance independently, but that there exists an interaction between the hyperparameters for a combination of their levels

PCR-Based Molecular Diagnosis of Hepatitis Virus (HBV and HDV) in HCV Infected Patients and Their Biochemical Study

Seroprevalence of HCV indicates that HCV is found in more than 10% of HBV-or HDV-infected patients worldwide leading to liver disease. Here we show HBV and HDV coinfection association with HCV infected Pakistani patients, study of disease severity, and possible interpretation of associated risk factors in coinfected patients. A total of 730 liver diseased patients were included, out of which 501 were found positive for HCV infection via PCR. 5.1% of patients were coinfected with HBV while 1% were coinfected with HBV and HDV both. LFTs were significantly altered in dually and triply infected patients as compared to single HCV infection. Mean bilirubin, AST, and ALT levels were highest (3.25 mg/dL, 174 IU/L, and 348 IU/L) in patients with triple infection while dual infection LFTs (1.6 mg/dL, 61 IU/L, and 74 IU/L) were not high as in single infection (1.9 mg/dL, 76 IU/L, and 91 IU/L). The most prominent risk factor in case of single (22%) and dual infection (27%) group was &quot;reuse of syringes&quot; while in triple infection it was &quot;intravenous drug users&quot; (60%). It is concluded that HBV and HDV coinfections are strongly associated with HCV infected Pakistani patients and in case of severe liver disease the possibility of double and triple coinfection should be kept in consideration

The Golden Rule:Interfaith Peacemaking and the Charter for Compassion

The Charter for Compassion has been signed by over two million people from around the world and partnered with hundreds of interfaith organizations and cities seeking to put into practice the Golden Rule, common to the main faith traditions, of doing unto others as you would be done by. This article sets the Charter within the context of a post secular international society and faith-based diplomacy, in which religious interreligious initiatives emerge as serious, rather than peripheral, actors in developing sustainable peace making through bottom-up approaches. The article critically engages with the Charter's claim that ‘any interpretation of scripture that breeds violence, hatred or disdain is illegitimate’ while accepting that peaceful interpretations of scriptures are helpful to peace processes where religious actors are involved. The article explores the claims of the Charter for Compassion International as they seek to make peace through compassion, before concluding that the Charter for Compassion is a long-term project aimed at changing hearts and minds but has had limited substantive impact to date

Spatial Masking in No Reference Mode

Compression of images and video introduces artifacts like blockiness and blurriness. However blockiness is the dominant and common distortion which is resulted due to the discontinuities in the luminance level at DCT block boundaries. This abrupt luminance change is periodic and hence generates harmonics in frequency domain. The No Reference image quality meter is designed to determine the objective quality using the frequency domain approach. The blockiness is measured in frequency domain in which the ratio of harmonics to other AC components is calculated and used to estimate the blockiness artifact. The important part of the work is to mask the distortion in no reference mode, where the reference image is not available. The concept of self-masking is introduced to find the masking function from the coded image itself. At low distortion levels the masking obtained from reference and coded images will roughly be the same. So the masking from coded image is used to perform spatial masking in no reference mode. However, if the image is heavily distorted, the masking in full reference meter doesnt play an important role. After the masking of coded image according to its spatial activity, the blockiness is calculated locally and accumulated in the end for a single quality metric. The results in the end show that this approach is very simple to implement and has easy calculations. The work is tested on images from LIVE image database and the Pearsons Correlation Coefficient of 90% is obtained even without training on any image

Blockiness and blurriness measurement for video quality assessment

Rapid growth of wired and wireless multi-media data challenges the researchers to develop an efficient objective assessment meter to estimate their quality. This research is focused to design objective quality assessment meters for images and video sequences. In this work, we proposed blockiness and blurriness distortion meters using full, reduced and no reference approaches. Both blockiness and blurriness distortions are calculated using frequency domain analysis. Since blockiness is an abrupt luminance change at DCT block boundaries which is also periodic therefore it generates harmonics in frequency domain, we used the strength of harmonics to estimate blockiness distortion. The more severe the blockiness is, the stronger will be the strength of harmonics in frequency domain. While blurriness removes the sharpness of the image by removing the high frequency components therefore we studied the loss of high frequency coefficients to measure blurriness artefact. We also aimed to design a multi-artefact distortion meter which can estimate the distortion without prior knowledge of distortion type. We developed the combined distortion meter for full, reduced and no reference approaches to estimate both blockiness and blurriness artefacts. We also studied the impact of spatial masking in image quality estimation. Due to the non linear behaviour of human visual system which perceives different amount of distortions at different spatial frequencies, we applied the masking process which weights the visibility of distortion according to the local spatial activity of the image. We investigated the importance of spatial masking in FR, RR and NR modes. Finally for video sequences, the quality metric of each frame is calculated and then we explored the methods to integrate these scores into a single value. Then the temporal masking is applied to mask the motion by using motion vectors and their standard deviations. The results are compared with the subjective scores provided by LIVE image and video database.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Fatwa tentang terorisme dan bom bunuh diri

Buku ini berisi fatwa seorang ulama islam asal pakistan, yaitu Dr. Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri. Fatwa ini membahas tetnag islam dan terorisme secara terperinci. Dan yang lebih penting lagi, landasan fatwa tersebut berdasarkan rujukan dan referensi yang tsiqah, terutama bersumber dari Al-qur'an dan as-sunah

Islamic philosophy of punishments/ Tahir-Ul-Qadri

35 hal.; 21 cm

Jalan keadilan : memahat jatidiri bersama para nabi

Dalam buku ini akan dikupas berbagai sisi perbedaan dari program ajaran yang dijalankan para nabi as, serta rintangan-rintangan yang mereka hadapi dari kaumnya.xxi, 156 hlm.; 20 c

Jalan keadilan : memahat jatidiri bersama para nabi

Dalam buku ini akan dikupas berbagai sisi perbedaan dari program ajaran yang dijalankan para nabi as, serta rintangan-rintangan yang mereka hadapi dari kaumnya.xxi, 156 hlm.; 20 c