C20 cluster-assembled solids and adsorption of C20 on 2D materials

C60具有优异的性能，如高温超导电性，因此它的发现激发了对碳团簇广泛的理论和实验研究。C60超导的特性来源于电子-声子耦合，而电声子耦合会随着团簇尺度的减小而增大，因此寻找最小的富勒烯引起了极大的关注。在众多碳团簇中，C20是最小、最简单并且是曲率最大的富勒烯结构。由于C20电声子耦合比C60强，因此可以预测C20是高温超导的更好的潜在材料。因此，本文研究了基于C20的团簇组装结构。另外，自从石墨烯问世以来，相比于其体相对应物而言，二维蜂窝状晶体由于其独特的对称性引起了广泛的兴趣。除了对这些纯二维材料本征性质的研究之外，吸附原子或者分子对这些二维材料带来的效应也得到极大的关注。由石墨烯和其他二...The discovery of fullerene C60 stimulated extensive theoretical and experimental studies of carbon clusters, because of its excellent properties such as high temperature carbon superconductivity. The possibility of superconductivity arising from electron-phonon coupling, and vibronic coupling becomes large as the cluster size decreases. So, tremendous attention has been focused to explore the smal...学位：理学博士院系专业：物理科学与技术学院_凝聚态物理学号：1982013015445

Testing the law of one price in gram, mash and masoor markets of Pakistan

This study examines the market integration of three pulses explicitly known as gram, masoor and mash in Pakistan. The study develops a critical estimation of market integration in pulses market of Pakistan. Market integration provides valuable information about the dynamics of market adjustment and has implications for a sustainable agriculture development. The government intervention might be justified by market integration as this phenomenon raises a question whether there are present market imperfections. This study used the monthly wholesale price (Rs. /40kg) data from January 1991 to September 2010 of gram, mash and masoor in logarithmic form and empirically estimated the degree of integration in the markets of the three pulses. The study is employing an econometric technique of co-integration analysis. Co-integration results show that all gram, masoor and mash markets are highly co-integrated in the long run. The high degree of market integration observed in this case is consistent with the view that Pakistan’s pulses markets are quite competitive and provide little justification for extensive and costly government intervention designed to improve competitiveness to enhance market efficiency

Testing the law of one price in gram markets of Pakistan

Regional market integration in many agricultural commodities has been extensively studied for the insight, it provides in to the functioning of such markets; such studies provide valuable information about the dynamics of market adjustment, and whether there exist market imperfection, which may justify government intervention. This study used the monthly wholesale price (Rs. /40 kg) data from January 1991 to December 2006 of gram, in Logarithmic form and empirically estimated the degree of integration in gram markets of Pakistan using co integration analysis. Co-integration results show that all gram markets are highly Co-integrated in the Long run. The high degree of market integration observed in this case is consistent with the view that Pakistan’s gram markets are quite competitive and provide little justification for extensive and costly government intervention designed to improve competitiveness to enhance market efficiency

Testing the law of one price in gram, mash and masoor markets of Pakistan

This study examines the market integration of three pulses explicitly known as gram, masoor and mash in Pakistan. The study develops a critical estimation of market integration in pulses market of Pakistan. Market integration provides valuable information about the dynamics of market adjustment and has implications for a sustainable agriculture development. The government intervention might be justified by market integration as this phenomenon raises a question whether there are present market imperfections. This study used the monthly wholesale price (Rs. /40kg) data from January 1991 to September 2010 of gram, mash and masoor in logarithmic form and empirically estimated the degree of integration in the markets of the three pulses. The study is employing an econometric technique of co-integration analysis. Co-integration results show that all gram, masoor and mash markets are highly co-integrated in the long run. The high degree of market integration observed in this case is consistent with the view that Pakistan’s pulses markets are quite competitive and provide little justification for extensive and costly government intervention designed to improve competitiveness to enhance market efficiency

Status of Hepatitis Be Antigen in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients from Various Regions of Pakistan

Background: To determine the distribution of HBeAg in chronic hepatitis B patients from different regions of Pakistan.Methods: In this study a total of 677 individuals infected with hepatitis B for a minimum period of 6 months, were included in the study. The information like age, gender along with area of residence, were recorded in a proforma filled for each study subject. A 3 ml blood sample was taken from each person. HBsAg,HBeAg and Anti HBe testing was carried out by ELISA.Results: Out of 677 study subjects, 517 (76.4%) were males and 160 (23.6%) females with an overall mean age of 35.42 +12.4 years. HBeAg was positive in 66 (9.7%) . All HBeAg positive cases were negative for Anti HBe. HBeAg positivity was 9.4% in Punjab, 14.8% in KPK, 4.89 % in Sindh, 8.3% in AJ & K and 13.3% in Gilgit Baltistan.Conclusion: There was a male predominance among Hepatitis B virus infected patients .Maximum cases were between 20 to 50 years of age. HBeAg positive cases were significantly less as compared to HBeAg negative cases

Detection of Four Novel Polymorphisms in PrP gene of Pakistani sheep (Damani and Hashtnagri) and goats (Kamori and Local Hairy) breeds

Scrapie is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder of sheep and goats caused by post-translational conformational change in the host-encoded prion protein (PrPC). Susceptibility or resistance to scrapie has been associated with the presence of polymorphisms in the prion protein (PrP) gene. In the present study, we analyzed the PrP gene sequence to determine the frequency of polymorphisms in 56 sheep (28 each from Damani and Hashtnagri breeds) and 56 goats (28 each from Kamori and Local Hairy breeds). A total of 7 amino acid polymorphisms were detected in the PrP gene for sheep and 4 for goats. These amino acid polymorphisms were combined in 13 alleles and 15 genotypes in sheep and 5 alleles and 6 genotypes in goats. The overall frequency of the most sheep scrapie-resistant polymorphism (Q171R) was calculated to be 0.107. The most scrapie-susceptible polymorphism (A136V) was not detected in any of the studied sheep. The overall frequency of scrapie-associated polymorphism (H143R) in goats was found to be 0.152. Along with already known amino acid polymorphisms, two novel polymorphisms were also detected for each of sheep (Q171N and T191I) and goats (G22C and P63L). However, the overall frequency of these polymorphisms was extremely low

Economic appraisal of offshore fisheries: A study on trawl fishing operations in Pakistan

73-79This study attempts to show the effects and relative contributions of the different fisheries factors affecting the revenues for a sample of commercial offshore trawling vessels operating in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Pakistan. In this study, the level of relative contribution of each determinant is estimated by using the Standard Multiple Linear regression (SMLR) with standardized regression coefficients and correlation methods. The data were collected through the survey questionnaire and direct interviews with the boat owners and fishermen. The estimated standard beta regression coefficient values for the catch (ß1=0.253), horsepower (ß2=0.26), fishing days at sea (ß3=0.316) and skipper or captain’s fishing experience (ß4=0.32), respectively. Similarly, the catch contributes (R2=17.7 %), horsepower (R2=18.2 %), fishing days (R2=22.5 %) and skipper (R2=23 %) on the revenue. Moreover, the correlation values for the catch (r(Revenue, Catch) = 0.70), horsepower (r(Revenue, Horsepower) = 0.698), fishing days (r(Revenue, Fishing Days) = 0.713) and skipper (r(Revenue, Skipper)= 0.718) indicates the strong positive relationship of each variable on the revenue. In conclusion, the skipper fishing experience and individual skills have a very strong influence on the maximizing of total earnings of trawling vessels

Genotypic response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) for resistance against gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera)

Background: Chickpea is an important pulse crop of Pakistan. The pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), is the major pest in most of the chickpea growing areas of the country. A field trial was carried out at Entomological Research Area, Ayub Agriculture Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad, during growing season of 2012-13 to evaluate the resistance of chickpea genotypes against gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera).Methods: Experiments were conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications having plot size of 3 ft × 20 ft. Morphological characters of chickpea like pod trichome, pod wall thickness, pod length, pod breadth, pod area and number of pods per plant were measured. The pod borer larval population/pod infestation was recorded from fifteen randomly selected plants per plot after ten days interval.Results: It was found that the genotypes which had higher trichomes length and density and pod wall thickness were more resistant against Helicoverpa infestation. Significant genetic variation for resistance against Helicoverpa armigera attack was found in chickpea and variety K-70005 showed resistant behavior followed by K-08004 and K-60062.Conclusions: It was concluded from prescribed study that the most susceptible genotypes were K-70005, K-08004 and K-70008 for the attack of Helicoverpa armigera to reduce grain yield