Burnt Things and Cinderella Perpetua

Two poems

Burnt Things and Cinderella Perpetua

Two poems

Childhood mortality in children emergency centre of the Lagos University Teaching hospital

Background: Infant and childhood mortality has remained high in developing countries like Nigeria with only marginal reductions achieved over the past two decades despite several interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality from the common causes of death in children. It istherefore important to examine the current pattern of mortality inchildren and compare it with previous reports from this centre so as to determine if newer interventions are needed or if these current interventions need to be strengthened for more effective reduction in childhood mortality. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the pattern of childhood mortality in the children emergency centre of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). Materials and Methods: Admission and discharge records from October 2007 to November 2008 were reviewed retrospectively, the age, sex, diagnosis and duration of hospital stay before death were analyzed. Results: Four hundred and forty six children (446) out of the 4031 children admitted during the studyPeriod died, giving a mortality of 11.1%. More than half of the deaths(55.4%) occurred within 24hours of arrival in hospital. Neonates accounted for 54.7% of deaths. The common causes of death in the neonates were perinatal asphyxia (36.1%) , neonatal jaundice (21.3%), prematurity (16.3%) and septicaemia (11.5%), while in the older children anaemia , septicaemia, severe malaria and acute respiratory illnesses were thecommonest conditions accounting for 22.6%, 16.3%, 12.1% and 9.9%of deaths respectively. Conclusion: Childhood mortality in LUTH is still high with majority of deaths occurring in infancy especially in the neonatal period. Efforts to prevent perinatal asphyxia, the most common causeof death in the neonatal period, should be intensified and educationon the prevention , early identification and management ofconditions such as neonatal jaundice, malaria, anaemia and acute respiratory illnesses should also be strengthened

Evaluation of radiation-induced changes to parotid glands following conventional radiotherapy in patients with nasopharygneal carcinoma

Objectives: Xerostomia is a common post-radiotherapy (post-RT) complication in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. This study evaluated the relation of post-RT parotid gland changes with the dose received. Methods: Data from 18 NPC patients treated by radiotherapy between 1997 and 2001 were collected. Parotid gland volumes were measured and compared between their pre-RT and post-RT CT images; both sets of CT were conducted with the same scanning protocol. Doppler ultrasound was used to assess the haemodynamic condition of the glands after radiotherapy. Doppler ultrasound results were compared against 18 agematched normal participants. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the patients'comments of xerostomia condition. Radiotherapy treatment plans of the participants were retrieved from the Eclipse treatment planning system from which the radiation doses delivered to the parotid glands were estimated. The correlations of parotid gland doses and the post-RT changes were evaluated. Results: The post-RT parotid glands were significantly smaller (p<0.001) than the pre-RT ones. They also demonstrated lower vascular velocity, resistive and pulsatility indices (p<0.05) than normal participants. The degree of volume shrinkage and subjective severity of xerostomia demonstrated dose dependence, but such dependence was not definite in the haemodynamic changes. Conclusion: It was possible to predict the gland volume change and subjective severity of xerostomia based on the dose to the parotid glands for NPC patients. However, such prediction was not effective for the vascular changes. The damage to the gland was long lasting and had significant effects on the patients' quality of life. © 2011 The British Institute of Radiology.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Evaluasi Koordinasi Proteksi Relay Softstarter Motor Pompa Loading LSWR terhadap Relay Distribusi dan Relay Proteksi Generator 900-06-GE.06 PT Pertamina (Persero) RU II Production Sungai Pakning

Gangguan listrik dapat terjadi pada saat sistem menyalurkan energi listrik dari sumber hingga beban. Gangguan internal berasal dari peralatan listrik itu sendiri, salah satunya adalah arus starting motor. Sedangkan gangguan eksternal dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa factor, seperti gangguan hubung singkat atau beban lebih. Semua gangguan yang terjadi dapat merusak peralatan sistem tenaga listrik sehingga mengganggu pasokan listrik ke konsumen. PT Pertamina (Persero) RU II Production Sungai Pakning memiliki motor pompa P3B yang bertugas untuk memompa minyak LSWR (Low Sulphur Waxy Residue) dari tangki kilang menuju kapal tangki. Motor Induksi saat di-start akan menarik arus 6 sampai 12 kali lipat dari arus beban penuh motor. Pada tugas akhir ini akan mengatur setting relay sofstarter motor P3B agar saat kondisi start, arus starting tidak mencapai batas proteksi relay overcurrent. Jika arus starting mencapai titik tersebut maka relay overcurrent akan bekerja, walaupun seharusnya tidak boleh bekerja, karena relay overcurrent membaca sebagai gangguan dan akan membuat sistem tenaga listrik tidak bekerja secara normal karena ada pemutusan arus secara mendadak. Perusahaan ini menetapkan waktu pengecekan relay setiap 3 tahun untuk melihat kondisi setting relay dan melakukan setting ulang setiap 5 tahun sekali. =============================================================================================================================== Electrical interference can occur when the system delivers electrical energy from the source to the load. Internal interference derived from the electrical equipment itself, one of which is the current of the starting motor. While external interference can be caused by several factors, such as short circuit or overload. All inteference that occured can damage the electrical system equipment so it can disrupts the electricity supply to costumers. PT Pertamina (Persero) RU II Production Sungai Pakning has a P3B pump motor to pump LSWR (Low Sulfur Waxy Residue) oil from the refinery tank to the tanker. The induction motor when start will draw a current 6 to 12 times the full load current of the motor. In this final project, the setting of the P3B motor sofstarter relay will be set so at the start, the starting current does not reach the overcurrent relay protection limit. If the starting current reaches this point, the overcurrent relay will work, although it should not work, because the overcurrent relay reads as inteference and will make the power system does not work normally because there was a sudden termination of the current. This company sets a relay checking time every 3 years to see the condition of the relay settings and to reset them every 5 years

Characterisation of a block to HIV-1 infection in rabbit cells as a model to study HIV-1 trafficking

This thesis focuses mainly on the analysis of the restriction to HIV-1 infection using rabbit cells as a model. Rabbit cells are poorly permissive to HIV-1 infection and the nature of this block is not well understood. This work shows that the restriction is independent of the cell receptor used by the virus for entry, as shown by infection of cells with HIV-1 pseudotyped with different types of envelopes and that it occurs mainly at the level of reverse transcription. It cannot be effectively saturated with high doses of virus or virus-like particles and has a recessive phenotype in human-rabbit heterokaryons. These results point to the existence of a factor required for HIV-1 infection that is absent in SIRC cells but can be complemented by human cells. The reverse transcription complexes extracted from human and rabbit cells have been analysed biochemically and found to have different densities but to be competent for reverse transcription in both cases in an in vitro endogenous assay. Cell fractionation of infected cells showed that HIV-1 is trafficked in a different way in human and rabbit cells and that correct intracellular trafficking is related to efficient reverse transcription and high infectivity in vivo. It is shown as well that viral DNA accumulates in rabbit cell nuclei only at a later stage of infection and fails to associate with chromatin, suggesting a further block prior to integration in SIRC cells Finally, chimeric viruses are used to determine the viral components responsible for the block. Viral chimeras formed by HIV-1 and SIV or MLV are used to infect the human cell line HeLa and SIRC cells. It is found that HIV-1 capsid is the determinant of the block in SIRC cells. Our data point to the existence of cellular factors regulating the early stages of intracytoplasmic and possibly intranuclear HIV-1 trafficking

Post-radiotherapy morphological changes of parotid gland are dose- and radiotherapy technique-dependent

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Antibody response to routine measles vaccination among a population of Nigerian children and evaluation of vaccine potency

Background: Despite a global decline in mortality and morbidity from measles in the last decade, outbreaks continue to occur in some parts of the world including Nigeria.Objective: To determine antibody response to routine measles vaccinationin Nigerian children and evaluate vaccine potency.Methods: A prospective study of 234 children selected from 3 health centres in an urban area of Lagos, Nigeria. Blood was obtained before and 8-12 weeks after routine vaccination with Edmonston-Zagreb strain of measles vaccine. Antibodies were detected using the measles antibody neutralization test. Reconstituted vaccines samples were analysed forpotency on monolayers of Vero slam cells in 96-well tissue culture plates.Results: Twenty seven(11.5%) had pre-vaccination antibodies. Seroconversion rate among the 195 who returned for postvaccinationsampling was 69.2%: It was however 74.2% in children with no pre-vaccination antibodies compared to 17.6% in those with antibodies. (p&lt;0.05). Only six (50%) of the measles vaccine vials were potent. Seroconversion rate among subjects vaccinated from potent vials was 74.3% compared with 42.9% in those vaccinated from non-potent vials (p = 0.006).Conclusion: Seroconversion to measles vaccination in our environmentis sub-optimal, partly attributable to low vaccine potency. Improvement of vaccine handling processes and booster doses of the vaccine are recommended