Railway Systems and the 'Universal Good of the State': Technologies of Government in the 19th-Century Papal State

Informed by Foucault’s concept of governmentality, the paper focuses on nineteenth-century General Commissariat for the Railroad Industry in the Papal State. Unlike in liberal States, where government intervention in the affairs of railway companies was limited, the pressing need to reinforce the Pope’s pastoral power, strengthen the bond between the believers and the Holy See and ensure equity and the efficiency of the new infrastructure meant that the Commissariat acted as a governmental centre of calculation. Accounting technologies in the form of budgets, cost accounting systems and penetrating audits enabled the government to intervene in the operations of private railway companies. The study analyses the role of accounting and auditing practices in the pursuit of non-liberal goals in an industry which is traditionally perceived as critical to the development of a liberal economy, one in which accounting was traditionally used to maintain investors’ confidence in the capitalist system

Inclusive and exclusive education for diverse learning needs

[Extract:] Traditionally, inclusive education was associated with special education services and related to the educating of students who were identified as other, had additional or special needs, or did not fit into the category of normal as deemed by society (Armstrong et al. 2010). More recently, the field of special education has expanded and transformed into inclusive education and involves the inclusion in education students who identify as having a disability, type of exceptionality, or belonging to a minority group

The Role of Proactive Coping Strategies, Time Perspective, Perceived Efficacy on Affect Regulation, Divergent Thinking and Family Communication in Promoting Social Well-Being in Emerging Adulthood

The study analyzed the influence of time perspective, proactive coping strategies, perceived self-efficacy in affect regulation, divergent thinking and perceived quality of family communication on social well-being in a sample of 232 emerging adults. Social well-being showed positive correlations with proactive coping strategies, future-oriented time perspective, expression of positive emotions and regulation of negative emotions, divergent thinking, open communication with parents. A problematic family communication and a present-oriented time perspective were negatively correlated with social well-being. A forward Ridge step-wise regression model was conducted, evidencing four significant positive predictors of social well-being: proactive coping, perceived efficacy in affect regulation and open communication with parents; on the contrary, present oriented time perspective contributes significantly but negatively to social well-being

Towards a better understanding of nuclear processes based on proteomics

The complex structural and functional organisation of the brain warrants the application of high-throughput approaches to study its functional alterations in physiological and pathological conditions. Such approaches have greatly benefited from advances in proteomics and genomics, and from their combination with computational modelling. They have been particularly instrumental for the analysis of processes such as the post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins, a critical biological process in the nervous system that remains not well studied. Protein PTMs are dynamic covalent marks that can be induced by activity and allow the maintenance of a trace of this activity. In the nucleus, they can modulate histone proteins and the components of the transcriptional machinery, and thereby contribute to regulating gene expression. PTMs do however need to be tightly controlled for proper chromatin functions. This review provides a synopsis of methods available to study PTMs and protein expression based on high-throughput mass spectrometry (MS), and covers basic concepts of traditional 'shot-gun'-based MS. It describes classical and emerging proteomic approaches such as multiple reaction monitoring and electron transfer dissociation, and their application to the analyses of nuclear processes in the brain