Influence of Hudiara Drain Water Irrigation on Trace Elements Load In Soil And Uptake By Vegetables

The rapid urbanization in the cities and increasing load of population generating lot of problems for maintaining environment. The sewage and industrial effluent generated by human settlement are disposed of directly in to nearby rivers / water bodies and agricultural fields. This polluted water not only contains organic matter and crop nutrients but also some toxic metals. The water of these channels may become a potential source of diseases and contaminate our natural resources. In Pakistan it is a common practice to use industrial and sewage effluents for raising crops. Continuous use of such effluent could result in accumulation of metals to such a concentration that may becomephytotoxic and eventually hazardous to animal and human health. One such example is the Hudiara drain; a transboundary channel originates from India and enters in Pakistan at village Laloo. Farmers of nearby locality are using the untreated waste water for raising the crops and vegetables. This practice is being done at more than 4000 acres ofcultivated area along the Drain by lifting the drain’s water through electric pumps, peter engines and tractor driven devices. The density of tubewells is 7 pumps per kilometres for irrigating the farmer’s fields and it is increasing day by day. Three points were selected for sampling the vegetables along the 54.6 km stretch of drain, each at head, middle andtail. Soil samples were taken before sowing and after the harvesting of crops. Plant samples were collected at maturity from all the monitoring points. At each location samples were collected at four nearby sites for detail and representative analysis. During the growing period of crop regular monitoring of Hudiara drain was done for water quality parameters. It was found that metal ions concentration in the vegetables was higher as specified in the standards. Similarly waterquality of drain showed increasing level of Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) as recommended in the water quality criteria. Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) requirements of Drain water were also found higher than theNational Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) established under the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997. It was concluded that continuous use of untreated drain’s water is not suitable for raising agricultural crops due to its consequences on human health and soil environment

Analisa Pipa Komposit Serat Batang Pisang Polyester Dengan Orientasi Serat 45/-45 Terhadap Pengujian Tarik Dengan Variasi Temperatur Ruang Uji

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan kekuatan tarik pipa komposit polyester serat batang pisang dengan perubahan temperatur dan untuk mengetahui struktur makro pipa komposit polyester serat batang pisang setalah pengujian tarik akibat perubahan temperatur ruang uji. Proses awal pengambilan kulit batang pisang 4 lapis dari kulit luar. Pengambilan serat batang pisang dengan cara dipress untuk menghancurkan daging dari kulit batang pisang kemudian direndam dengan menggunakan air dalam waktu 1 bulan,supaya mudah dalam pengambilan serat. Penjemuran pada temperatur ruang selama 1 hari dengan panjang serat 100 cm.Perlakuan alkalisasi dengan kalium permangate ( KmnO4 ) kadar 2% per 1 liter aquadest selama 2 jam perendaman 2 jam. Penjemuran pada temperatur ruang dilanjutkan proses pengeringan menggunakan oven pada suhu 35 C selama 1 jam agar kadar air 10%. Proses pembuatan pipa komposit metode hand lay up dengan orientasi serat 45/-45 . Pengujian tarik dengan standart ASTM D 2105 dengan variasi temperatur ruang dan temperatur uji 35 C,45 C, dan 55 C serta mendeskripsikan kekuatan tarik dan foto makro pipa komposit polyester serat batang pohon pisang akibat perubahan temperatur ruang uji. Hasil pengujian disimpulkan bahwa terjadi fenomena kekuatan tarik paling tinggi pada temperatur ruang uji 35 C yaitu kekuatan tariknya 1,009 N/mm2 kemudian mengalami penurunan dengan meningkatnya temperatur ruang uji.Pada struktur makro patahan spesimen komposit yang mengalami pull out fiber yang panjang diakibatkan kekuatan matrik menurun

Pengembangan Desain Alat Produksi Gas Metana Dari Pembakaran Sampah Organik Dengan Pemurnian Gas Menggunakan Filter Tipe Ganda

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan desain dan konstruksi alat produksi gas metana dari sampah organik sekam padi dengan cara dibakar, mengetahui pengaruh pemurnian gas metana dengan menggunakan filter tipe ganda, terhadap temperatur pembakaran, waktu nyala efektif dan jumlah kalor melalui metode pendidihan air. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan filter tipe ganda dengan variasi satu filter, dua filter dan tiga filter. Mengambil data setiap 5 kg sekam padi meliputi volume air yang dapat didihkan, lama waktu nyala efektif, temperatur pembakaran serta perubahan temperatur 1 liter air setiap dua menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukan variasi satu filter didapatkan temperatur pembakaran tertinggi sebesar 617 0C, waktu nyala efektif selama 48 menit dan jumlah kalor pendidihan air 611,7 kJ. Variasi dua filter didapatkan temperatur pembakaran tertinggi sebesar 558 0C , waktu nyala efektif selama 62 menit dan jumlah kalor pendidihan air 917,6 kJ. Variasi tiga filter didapatkan temperatur pembakaran tertinggi sebesar 531 0C, waktu nyala efektif selama 70 menit dan jumlah kalor pendidihan air 917,6 kJ

Pengaruh Perbedaan Diameter Saluran Penambah (Riser) 15 mm, 17 mm, 19 mm Terhadap Hasil Coran Eye Material Aluminium Dengan Media Cetakan Pasir

This research aim to know the chemical composition of aluminum material and the influence of the riser size to shrinkage, density, porosity defect, hardness and microstructure. The material of this research is aluminum from sparepart motor that is breakshoe used. In this research, the riser used are tubular with the variation of riser I height 60mm and diameter 15mm, variation of riser II height 60mm and diameter 17mm, variation of riser III height 60mm and diameter 19mm. Tests to be performed include testing depreciation, density, porosity observation, chemical composition, brinell hardness, and microstructure of material. The results of this study show the highest percentage shrinkage found on riser III variation is 2,91%, while riser variation I is 0,97% and the riser variation II is 1,94%. The highest density result found on the riser variation III of 2.83 and riser variation II of 2.76, the lowest density found on the riser variation I of 2.62. The result of chemical composition found chemical elements, namely Aluminum (Al) 86.79% as the main material, and Silicon (Si) 9.49%, so this material elements categorized as aluminum alloy silicon (Al-Si). The highest hardness price found on the riser variation III 76.71 BHN, while the riser variation II 71.81 BHN and the riser variation I 70.45 BHN

Gedung Rektorat Universitas Darussalam Gontor Ponorogo (Penekanan pada konsep Eco Office)

Darussalam University of Gontor Ponorogo is a higher education of institutions with boarding scholl system using arabic and english for daily conversation. Founded ini 1963 untill now, Darussalam university continues to grow rapidly in terms of the quality of teaching, training, and educational services to be achieved in accordance with the vision and mission carried by UNIDA Gontor. Nowdays condition of facilities and infrastructure owned by UNIDA Gontor will be sufficient as a college, but with the rapid development that has been archieved, then UNIDA Gontor requires the development of a more complete and adjustments and sufficient to meet the guidance of educational services has been achieved and are constantly being developed and planned by UNIDA Gontor. Among the facilities and infrastructure that is not owned by UNIDA Gontor is the dead office of the universtity’s academic and administrative buildings or widely known as a university rector building completed in terms of facilities, office spaces etc. And building the meeting to hold some events such as seminars, training and graduation ceremony and central library building. By trying to minimize impacts on the natural environment or human and produces a better life and more healthy, then applied eco office concept or eco-friendly office and simultaneously support the green building movement that has been widely applied to buildings ini Indonesia and even around the world to reduce the impact of global warming

Evaluasi Desain Terminal Sukoharjo Jawa Tengah

Sukoharjo Terminal located at Jalan Wonogiri-Sukoharjo with inadequate terminal facilities, circulation in the terminal and layout of the building. This study aims to analyze facilities and suitability needs, analyze the circulation of passengers and vehicles, calculate the performance of terminal services based on assessment and expectations, design appropriate design for development needs referring to the standard terminal type B. This research begins with a preliminary survey to find out the existing conditions, terminal facilities, passenger circulation and vehicles, after which re-measurement, coordinate calculations, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Then melakuakan data analysis and concept formulation to plan the development design of Sukoharjo Terminal. The results of the facility analysis still lacks the standard of the total 46 facilities that must be owned only 27 facilities. Passenger and vehicle circulation will be minimal level of security due to crossing (crossing) between vehicles and the absence of special passenger lanes. The service performance has not been satisfied because the terminal facility is not adequate. So it is necessary to design the Sukoharjo terminal design that focuses on terminal facilities with the division of service zones and circulation patterns within the terminal

Pemanfaatan Lignin Dari Lindi Hitam Sebagai Bahan Pembuatan Perekat

The adhesive is connectivity between two or more different objects on the surface or a type to be used as one. The adhesive can be made using raw materials derived from lignin isolate lindi black. Adhesive manufacture here is composed of lignin, resorcinol and formaldehyde. This research aims to know the levels of lignin in the lindi black and examines the influential variables during the making of the adhesive.Variables used, namely the composition of materials, storage time and than tensile strength.The composition of materials among other lignin 2 grams, 4 g resorcinol and 10 mL formaldehyde.Used storage time 6 hours, 7 hours, 10 hours and 11 hours. Tensile strength is done by giving the load of each sample that has been glued to know how effective the storage time and the number of lignin in the manufacture of adhesive this time. The result is the more lignin and the longer the stronger the adhesive the better. Storage 6 hours 700 g/cm2, 7 hours 800 g/cm2, 10 hours 1100 g/cm2, 11 hours 1100 g/cm2

Penentuan Harga Pokok Produksi Cangkul Dengan Pendekatan Metode Abc ( Activity Based Costing) Studi Kasus : “ Di Ud. Citra Produsen Cangkul Di Sentra Industri Cangkul Karangpoh Jatinom Klaten”

Semakin berkembangnya dunia industri pada saat ini membuat para pelaku bisnis harus benar-benar bisa mengelola sistem manajemen dengan baik. Disamping untuk mencari keuntungan tetapi itu juga sebagai penentu untuk mempertahankan kelangsungan hidup bisnisnya. Perusahaan sekarang ini menggunakan metode tradisional atau full costing untuk menentukan harga produksinya. Metode Activity Based Costing (ABC) adalah metode yang akan digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah tersebut. Activity Based Costing (ABC) adalah suatu metode yang sederhana untuk menentukan harga pokok produk/jasa dengan dasar bahwa aktivitaslah yang menyebabkan biaya tersebut timbul. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghitung harga pokok produksi dengan metode konvensional dan dengan metode Activity Based Costing (ABC) untuk memperoleh harga pokok produksi yang tepat dan harga jual yang optimal. Setelah dilakukan perhitungan dan analisis dengan metode konvensional didapat harga pokok produksi per unit produk cangkul tani Rp. 19.433,00 dan produk cangkul DPU Rp. 15.533,00. Sedangkan dengan metode ABC (Activity Based Costing) harga pokok produksi per unit cangkul tani Rp. 19.487,00 untuk cangkul DPU Rp. 15.539,00. Selisih harga pokok produksi cangkul tani antara metode konvensional dengan metode ABC (Activity Based Costing) sebesar Rp. 54,00 untuk cangkul DPU sebesar Rp. 6,00 Sedangkan harga jual dengan menggunakan metode konvensional untuk cangkul tani Rp. 31.093,00 untuk cangkul DPU Rp. 24.853,00 dengan menggunakan metode ABC (Activity Based Costing) harga jual untuk cangkul tani Rp. 31.180,00 untuk cangkul DPU Rp. 24.862,00. Selisih harga jual cangkul tani antara metode konvensional dengan metode ABC (Activity Based Costing) yaitu sebesar Rp. 87,00 untuk cangkul DPU yaitu sebesar Rp. 9,0