Genetic divergence of rubber tree estimated by multivariate techniques and microsatellite markers

Genetic diversity of 60 Hevea genotypes, consisting of Asiatic, Amazonian, African and IAC clones, and pertaining to the genetic breeding program of the Agronomic Institute (IAC), Brazil, was estimated. Analyses were based on phenotypic multivariate parameters and microsatellites. Five agronomic descriptors were employed in multivariate procedures, such as Standard Euclidian Distance, Tocher clustering and principal component analysis. Genetic variability among the genotypes was estimated with 68 selected polymorphic SSRs, by way of Modified Rogers Genetic Distance and UPGMA clustering. Structure software in a Bayesian approach was used in discriminating among groups. Genetic diversity was estimated through Nei's statistics. The genotypes were clustered into 12 groups according to the Tocher method, while the molecular analysis identified six groups. In the phenotypic and microsatellite analyses, the Amazonian and IAC genotypes were distributed in several groups, whereas the Asiatic were in only a few. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.05 to 0.96. Both high total diversity (HT' = 0.58) and high gene differentiation (G st' = 0.61) were observed, and indicated high genetic variation among the 60 genotypes, which may be useful for breeding programs. The analyzed agronomic parameters and SSRs markers were effective in assessing genetic diversity among Hevea genotypes, besides proving to be useful for characterizing genetic variability

Bebida alcohólica en la adolescencia: el cuidado-educación como estrategia de acción de la enfermería Bebida alcoólica na adolescência: o cuidado-educação como estratégia de ação da enfermagem Alcohol in adolescence: the care-education as an action strategy for the nursing

Investigación que trata sobre los significados del uso que hacen los adolescentes del alcohol. Objetivos: Identificar el significado los adolescentes le atribuyen al consumo de bebidas alcohólicas; Caracterizar la cantidad y los principales locales de consumo de estas bebidas; Detectar factores de riesgos y/o tendencia relacionadas con este consumo. Metodología: cualitativa, convergente asistencial, relacionada con cuidado-educación. Se aplicó un instrumento de entrevista, semi-estructurado, con preguntas abiertas. Se formaron dos grupos con seis adolescentes en cada grupo. Se observó que el mayor consumo de bebidas alcohólicas por adolescentes se lleva a cabo en fiestas y conmemoraciones, poniendo en evidencia o destacando el atractivo social del alcohol, que representa un elemento que facilita o induce la interacción, la socialización y la permisividad de actitudes y pensamientos no aceptados socialmente. Los adolescentes no se reconocen como víctimas potenciales, asociando la problemática a otros jóvenes, no a si mismos y a su grupo. La metodología favoreció la interacción de los participantes, y las orientaciones y discusiones contribuyeron a la reflexión y desmitificación de las ideas de los sujetos sobre el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas.<br>Pesquisa sobre os significados do uso do álcool por adolescentes. Objetivos: Identificar o significado atribuído pelos adolescentes ao consumo de bebidas alcoólicas; caracterizar a quantidade e os principais locais de consumo dessas bebidas; e detectar fatores de risco e/ou tendência para este consumo. Metodologia: qualitativa, convergente assistencial, articulada ao cuidado-educação. Aplicou-se um instrumento de entrevista, semiestruturado, com questões abertas. Realizaram-se dois grupos com seis adolescentes cada. O maior consumo de bebidas alcoólicas pelos adolescentes ocorre em festas e comemorações, evidenciando o apelo social do álcool, que representa um facilitador para a interação, socialização e permissividade de atitudes e pensamentos não aceitos socialmente. Os adolescentes não se reconhecem como vítimas potenciais, associando a problemática a outros jovens, não a eles mesmos e a seu grupo. A metodologia favoreceu o entrosamento dos participantes, e as orientações e discussões contribuíram para reflexões e desmistificações das ideias dos sujeitos sobre o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas.<br>Research on the meanings of the use of alcohol by adolescents. Objectives: To identify the meaning attributed by adolescents to alcohol consumption; characterize the quantity and the main sites of consumption of these drinks. Detect risk factors and / or the tendency to consumption. Methodology: Qualitative, convergent services, coordinated care - education. It was applied an interview, semi-structured with open questions. There were two groups each with six teenagers. The higher consumption of alcohol by teenagers is at parties and celebrations, highlighting the social appeal of alcohol, which is a facilitator for interaction, socialization and permissiveness of attitudes and thoughts not accepted socially. Teenagers do not recognize themselves as potential victims, associating the issue to other young people, not to them and their group. The methodology facilitated the integration of the participants, and the guidelines and the discussions contributed with the reflections and demystification of the ideas on the subjects about the consumption of alcoholic beverages

Imagem da enfermeira: revisão da literatura

A imagem que a sociedade constrói da enfermeira é permeada por estereótipos que incluem figuras como santas, prostitutas, feiticeiras, heroínas e se relacionam à função de auxiliar do médico e à falta de vida social. Além disso, a imagem que as enfermeiras têm de si próprias e de seu trabalho é negativa, ocasionando frustração pela falta de autonomia encontrada na realidade profissional. Para uma melhor compreensão desse problema, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica, que teve como objetivo caracterizar e analisar a imagem da enfermeira. Considera-se pequena a produção científica sobre o tema no país. Conclui-se que os estereótipos da imagem influenciam negativamente sua prática e que na história da Enfermagem se encontram muitas das razões para as distorções existentes.The society’s image about the nurses is permeated of stereotypes that include figures like saints, prostitutes, witches, heroines and are related to the function of assisting doctors and to a lack of social life. Moreover, the image that the nurses have of themselves and of their work is negative, causing frustration for the lack of autonomy found on the professional reality. Seeking for a better understanding of this problem, a literature review was proceeded, aiming to characterize and analyze the nurse’s image. The national scientific production is considered small on the subject. Conclusions indicate that stereotypes negatively influence nursing practice and that in Nursing history it is found many reasons for the existing distortionsLa imagen que la sociedad tiene sobre las enfermeras se impregna de estereotipos que incluyen figuras como santas, prostitutas, brujas, heroínas y se relacionan con la función de asistir a doctores y con una carencia de vida social. La imagen que las enfermeras tienen de sí mismas y de su trabajo es negativa, causando frustración debido a carencia de autonomía encontrada en la realidad profesional. Para una comprensión mejor do problema, fue hecha una revisión bibliográfica, que tenía como objetivo caracterizar y analizar la imagen de la enfermera. La producción científica é pequeña en el tema, en el país. Las conclusiones son que los estereotipos influencian negativamente su práctica y que en la historia del oficio están encontrado muchas de las razones de las distorsiones existentes

Atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel em Fortaleza, Ceará: a visão dos profissionais envolvidos Mobile pre-hospital care in Fortaleza, Ceará: the vision of professionals involved

Com o objetivo de descrever variáveis sociodemográficas, profissionais e operacionais das diferentes categorias envolvidas no Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência, bem como a percepção destas quanto à adequação do serviço oferecido às diretrizes da Política Nacional de Atenção às Urgências, foi realizado um estudo transversal, mediante um questionário autoaplicável, em 2007/2008. Os 89 pesquisados apontaram comprometimento da estrutura física (60,7%); escassez de materiais (82,0%); incipiência de recursos humanos (37,1%); mau estado de conservação e número insuficiente de ambulâncias (67,4%). 98,9% admitiram que há integração com outros serviços, com diferença estatística entre as categorias profissionais (p = 0,037). A terceirização predominou entre 71,4% dos médicos e 84,2% dos enfermeiros (p < 0,001). A capacitação específica foi confirmada por 79,8% e a atualização por 88,8% dos profissionais. A média de tempo de resposta total foi de 29 minutos (dp ± 14,8) e 65,2% afirmaram conhecer a política. Este estudo evidenciou que o pré-hospitalar é um serviço com problemas estruturais e de planejamento, nos quais se destacaram a precariedade das condições de trabalho e a fragilidade dos vínculos.<br>A cross-sectional study based on a self-administered questionnaire was performed in 2007/2008, with the objective of describing sociodemographic, professional, and operating variables of the various professional categories involved in the Mobile Emergency Care Service, and the perception of the compliance of the service offered with the guidelines of the National Emergency Care Policy. All 89 participants indicated deficient physical structure (60.7%); shortage of materials (82.0%); unskilled human resources (37.1%); poor conservation conditions and insufficient number of ambulances (67.4%); 98.9% admitted the existence of integration with other services, with some statistical differences among professional categories (p = 0.037). Outsourcing prevailed among 71.4% of physicians and 84.2% of nurses (p < 0.001). Specific capacity building was confirmed by 79.8%, and update by 88.8% of professionals. Total average response time was 29 minutes (SD ± 14.8), and 65.2% acknowledged knowing the policy. This study showed that pre-hospital care services have structural and planning problems, among which poor working conditions and fragile ties stand out

Phenolic composition of monovarietal red wines regarding volatile phenols and its precursors

The aim of this study was to characterise and compare wines from different grape varieties focusing on the volatile phenols and on the respective precursor compounds, both on the free form (p-coumaric, ferulic and caffeic acids) and as tartaric esters of hydroxycinnamic acids (caftaric, coutaric and fertaric acids). Fifty-eight commercial monovarietal red wines from eight selected grape varieties were used: Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Aragonez, Castelão, Touriga Franca, Touriga Nacional, Trincadeira and Vinhão (Sousão). It was found that volatile phenol precursors exist mostly as esters of tartaric acid, with caftaric acid as the most abundant cinnamate (17–111 mg/L), followed by coutaric and fertaric acids. The predominant hydroxycinnamic acid was p-coumaric acid, the highest concentrations being found in Syrah and Touriga Franca (6–7 mg/L) and the lowest in Touriga Nacional and Trincadeira (2–3 mg/L). Touriga Nacional exhibits the highest difference between bound and free forms. Malvidin-3-O-(6-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside, a potential source of p-coumaric acid, was found in most of the wines with average values varying between 1 and 5 mg/L. Twenty-two percent of the wines analysed presented levels of volatile phenols above the perception threshold. Ethylphenols were the highest in Vinhão and Trincadeira, showing an average value well above the perception threshold. The concentrations found in Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah wines were around ten times lower than those reported in previous works. The results show relevant differences among grape varieties but the availability of the precursors in meaningful amounts may not be the only factor explaining the formation of volatile phenols in wines.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio