The relationships between rugby players’ tackle training attitudes and behaviour and their match tackle attitudes and behaviour

Background The tackle event in rugby is a technical and physical contest between opposing players. A player's ability to tolerate and contest during a tackle is a prerequisite for safe participation and success in rugby. Little is known about the relationship between tackle training and tackling in matches in rugby union. Therefore, we investigated the relationships between players’ training attitudes and behaviour and their match attitudes and behaviour for tackling in rugby union. Method A questionnaire was designed to assess attitude (importance) and behaviours (frequency and quantity) among junior (under 19) players on a 5-point Likert Scale. Questionnaires were handed out to 220 players (10 schools) at a tournament and 75% (9 schools, n=164) were returned for analysis. Associations between training attitudes and behaviours were tested using the χ2 test, Cramer's V and τ-b. Results The more time spent on emphasising proper technique to prevent injuries in training, the more important players rated ‘own safety’ (τ-b=0.21, moderate, z=3.1, p<0.01), ‘going for the ball only’ (τ-b=0.27, moderate, z=4.6, p<0.001) and ‘staying on feet’ (τ-b=0.23, moderate, z=3.6, p<0.001) in match play. The more time spent on emphasising proper technique to improve performance in training, the more important players rated actions ‘going for ball only’ (τ-b=0.23, moderate, z=3.7, p<0.001) and ‘preventing the ball carrier from retaining position’ (τ-b=0.20, moderate, z=3.1, p<0.01) in match play. Conclusions This is the first study to report on the relationships between players’ training attitudes and behaviour and their match attitudes and behaviours for tackling in rugby union. The importance of tackle training to prevent injury, and the amount of time spent on technique to prevent injuries, was associated with behaviours that reduce the risk of injury in matches

Subsideband generation and modulational instability lasing in a fiber soliton laser

2001-2002 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

Etude in vitro de l’effet des tanins de Newbouldia laevis et de Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloïdes sur la migration des larves infestantes de Haemonchus contortus

Dans le but d&rsquo;aborder le m&eacute;canisme d&rsquo;action des extraits ac&eacute;toniques et &eacute;thanoliques de Newbouldia laevis (Bignoniaceae) et de Zanthoxylum zanthoxylo&iuml;des (Rutaceae), leur effet inhibiteur a &eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;valu&eacute; in vitro sur la migration larvaire de Haemonchus contortus. Le test d&rsquo;inhibition de la migration larvaire (LMI) a &eacute;t&eacute; appliqu&eacute; sur les larves infestantes (L3), &acirc;g&eacute;es de 2 &agrave; 3 mois incub&eacute;es avec des extraits v&eacute;g&eacute;taux &agrave; diff&eacute;rentes concentrations : 150, 300, 600 et 1200 &mu;g/mL mis ou non en contact avec la polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP). Un t&eacute;moin n&eacute;gatif (tampon PBS) a &eacute;t&eacute; inclus dans chaque test. L&rsquo;observation sous microscope et le d&eacute;nombrement des L3 ayant migr&eacute; par rapport au nombre total de larves d&eacute;pos&eacute;es dans l&rsquo;insert ont permis de calculer le taux de la migration larvaire. Les extraits de Newbouldia laevis et de Zanthoxylum zanthoxylo&iuml;des inhibent in vitro la migration larvaire de Haemonchus contortus. Cet effet est dose-d&eacute;pendant (p&lt;0,001). Les extraits hydro&eacute;thanoliques ont eu plus d&rsquo;effet surtout aux fortes doses. Le contact des extraits des plantes avec la polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) annule tout ou une partie de l&rsquo;effet anthelminthique des extraits. Ces r&eacute;sultats sugg&egrave;rent que l&rsquo;inhibition de la migration larvaire est en partie due &agrave; l&rsquo;action des tanins. Le pourcentage d&rsquo;inhibition d&ucirc; aux tanins est de 28,60% quel que soit la plante et quel que soit le solvant d&rsquo;extraction.Keywords: Haemonchus contortus, migration larvaire, tanins, Zanthoxylum zanthoxylo&iuml;des, Newbouldia laevis, B&eacute;ni

FCR (Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide, Rituximab) regimen followed by 90yttrium ibritumomab tiuxetan consolidation for the treatment of relapsed grades 1 and 2 follicular lymphoma: a report of 9 cases

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This retrospective analysis is focused on the efficacy and safety of radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with Zevalin^®in nine patients with recurrent follicular lymphoma (FL) who were treated in a consolidation setting after having achieved complete remission or partial remission with FCR.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The median age was 63 yrs (range 46-77), all patients were relapsed with histologically confirmed CD20-positive (grade 1 or 2) FL, at relapse they received FCR every 28 days: F (25 mg/m²x 3 days), C (1 gr/m²day 1) and R (375 mg/m²day 4) for 4 cycles. Who achieved at least a partial remission, with < 25% bone marrow involvement, was treated with ⁹⁰Yttrium Ibritumomab Tiuxetan 11.1 or 14.8 MBq/Kg up to a maximum dose 1184 MBq, at 3 months after the completion of FCR. The patients underwent a further restaging at 12 weeks after ⁹⁰Y-RIT with total body CT scan, FDG-PET/CT and bilateral bone marrow biopsy.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Nine patients have completed the treatment: FCR followed by ⁹⁰Y-RIT (6 patients at 14.8 MBq/Kg, 3 patients at 11.1 MBq/Kg). After FCR 7 patients obtained CR and 2 PR; after ⁹⁰Y-RIT two patients in PR converted to CR 12 weeks later. With median follow up of 34 months (range 13-50) the current analysis has shown that overall survival (OS) is 89% at 2 years, 76% at 3 years and 61% at 4 years. The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events were hematologic, one patient developed herpes zoster infection after 8 months following valacyclovir discontinuation; another patient developed fungal infection.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our experience indicate feasibility, tolerability and efficacy of FCR regimen followed by ⁹⁰Y-RIT in patients relapsed with grades 1 and 2 FL with no unexpected toxicities. A longer follow up and a larger number of patients with relapsed grades 1 and 2 FL are required to determine the impact of this regimen on long-term duration of response and PFS.</p

Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the CD209 (DC-SIGN) promoter with SARS severity.

published_or_final_versio

Polynomial Growth Harmonic Functions on Finitely Generated Abelian Groups

In the present paper, we develop geometric analytic techniques on Cayley graphs of finitely generated abelian groups to study the polynomial growth harmonic functions. We develop a geometric analytic proof of the classical Heilbronn theorem and the recent Nayar theorem on polynomial growth harmonic functions on lattices \mathds{Z}^n that does not use a representation formula for harmonic functions. We also calculate the precise dimension of the space of polynomial growth harmonic functions on finitely generated abelian groups. While the Cayley graph not only depends on the abelian group, but also on the choice of a generating set, we find that this dimension depends only on the group itself.Comment: 15 pages, to appear in Ann. Global Anal. Geo

Novel insights into host-fungal pathogen interactions derived from live-cell imaging

Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge funding from the Wellcome Trust (080088, 086827, 075470 and 099215) including a Wellcome Trust Strategic Award for Medical Mycology and Fungal Immunology 097377 and FP7-2007–2013 grant agreement HEALTH-F2-2010-260338–ALLFUN to NARG.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Growth characteristics in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta in North America: results from a multicenter study.

PurposeOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) predisposes people to recurrent fractures, bone deformities, and short stature. There is a lack of large-scale systematic studies that have investigated growth parameters in OI.MethodsUsing data from the Linked Clinical Research Centers, we compared height, growth velocity, weight, and body mass index (BMI) in 552 individuals with OI. Height, weight, and BMI were plotted on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention normative curves.ResultsIn children, the median z-scores for height in OI types I, III, and IV were -0.66, -6.91, and -2.79, respectively. Growth velocity was diminished in OI types III and IV. The median z-score for weight in children with OI type III was -4.55. The median z-scores for BMI in children with OI types I, III, and IV were 0.10, 0.91, and 0.67, respectively. Generalized linear model analyses demonstrated that the height z-score was positively correlated with the severity of the OI subtype (P &lt; 0.001), age, bisphosphonate use, and rodding (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionFrom the largest cohort of individuals with OI, we provide median values for height, weight, and BMI z-scores that can aid the evaluation of overall growth in the clinic setting. This study is an important first step in the generation of OI-specific growth curves

Effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of a single annual professional intervention for the prevention of childhood dental caries in a remote rural Indigenous community

Background The aim of the study is to reduce the high prevalence of tooth decay in children in a remote, rural Indigenous community in Australia, by application of a single annual dental preventive intervention. The study seeks to (1) assess the effectiveness of an annual oral health preventive intervention in slowing the incidence of dental caries in children in this community, (2) identify the mediating role of known risk factors for dental caries and (3) assess the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of the intervention. Methods/design The intervention is novel in that most dental preventive interventions require regular re-application, which is not possible in resource constrained communities. While tooth decay is preventable, self-care and healthy habits are lacking in these communities, placing more emphasis on health services to deliver an effective dental preventive intervention. Importantly, the study will assess cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness for broader implementation across similar communities in Australia and internationally. Discussion There is an urgent need to reduce the burden of dental decay in these communities, by implementing effective, cost-effective, feasible and sustainable dental prevention programs. Expected outcomes of this study include improved oral and general health of children within the community; an understanding of the costs associated with the intervention provided, and its comparison with the costs of allowing new lesions to develop, with associated treatment costs. Findings should be generalisable to similar communities around the world. The research is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), registration number ACTRN12615000693527; date of registration: 3rd July 2015