U-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN/WIMAX Applications

A full-duplex radio design communication systems design based on the WiMax/WLAN antenna. The design an antenna in this report presented a triple-band operation with significant impedance bandwidth for WLAN/WiMAX system. The designed antenna having the compact size of 10 x 26 mm2 and shaped of antenna is U-shaped. The overall performance of the antenna three different bands 1) band-1:- 2.40 to 2.53 GHz, 2) band-2:-3.40 o 3.60 GHz and 3) band-3:- 5.00 to 6.00 GHz, these bands cover the WiMAX (2.5, 3.5, 5.5) and WLAN (2.4, 5.2, 5.8) bands. Here HFSS simulator used to simulate and validate the results. By combining the performance of complete WLAN/WiMAX antenna with MIMO antenna, the proposed MIMO antenna with wide operating frequencies 2.4 GHz. Thus the simulation results along with the given parameter values show that the antenna can simultaneously operate over WLAN, WiMAX and MIMO frequency bands

An Effective XML Keyword Search with User Search Intention over XML Documents

The extreme success of web search engines makes keyword search the most popular search model for ordinary users. Keyword search on XML is a user friendly way to query XML databases since it allows users to pose queries without the knowledge of complex query languages and the database schema. The three main challenges faces in XML keyword search: 1) Identify the user search intention, i.e., identify the XML node types that users want to search for and search via. 2) Resolve keyword ambiguity problems: a keyword can appear as both a tag name and a text value of some node; a keyword can appear as the text values of different XML node types and carry different meanings; a keyword can appear as the tag name of different XML node types with different meanings. 3) As the search results are sub trees of the XML documents, new scoring function is needed to estimate its relevance to a given query. However, existing methods cannot resolve these challenges, thus return low result quality in term of query relevance. In this paper, we propose an IR-style approach which basically utilizes the statistics of underlying XML data to address these challenges. We first propose specific guidelines that a search engine should meet in both search intention identification and relevance oriented ranking for search results over XML documents. Then, based on these guidelines, we design novel formulae to identify the search for nodes and search via nodes of a query, and present a novel XML TF*IDF ranking strategy to rank the individual matches of all possible search intentions over XML documents

A Distributed Control Law for Load Balancing in Content Delivery Networks

Large Internet-scale distributed systems deploy hundreds of thousands of servers in thousands of data centers around the world. Internet-scale distributed system to have emerged in the past decade is the content delivery network (CDN, for short) that delivers web content, web and IP-based applications, downloads, and streaming media to end-users (i.e., clients) around the world. This paper focuses on the main research areas in the field of CDN, pointing out the motivations, and analyzing the existing strategies for replica placement and management, server measurement, best fit replica selection and request redirection. In this paper, I face the challenging issue of defining and implementing an effective law for load balancing in Content Delivery Networks. A formal study of a CDN system, carried out through the exploitation of a fluid flow model characterization of the network of servers. This result is then leveraged in order to devise a novel distributed and time-continuous algorithm for load balancing

VLSI ARCHITECTURE FOR AN AREA-EFFICIENT COMPUTATION IN LTE TURBO DECODERS

Long Term Evaluation (LTE) has been used to achieve peak data rates in wireless communication system. Turbo codes are used as the channel encoding scheme. MAP algorithm has been used as a decoding scheme. Complexity in MAP algorithm is reduced by implementing the algorithm in log domain giving rise to Log MAP algorithm. The main objective of this work is to reduce the complexity of state metric computation by employing of various algorithms and these algorithms differ only by their implementation of correction terms. The ACS unit is implemented using constant log MAP algorithm, linear log MAP algorithm, MAX log MAP algorithm, multi step log MAP algorithm and hybrid log MAP algorithm. The state metric calculation is implemented with the help of radix-4 Add -Compare-Select (ACS) unit. The distance calculation involved between two concurrent computations of state metric can be shared among them which give rise to Maximum Shared Resource (MSR) architecture. The proposed implementation of these algorithms leads to reduction in the power dissipation, propagation delay and the number of logical elements used for the recursion computation in turbo decoders used in LTE system. The MSR architecture for recursion computation reduces the number of LUTs by 12.1% when compared with the existing

Automated Sensing System for Monitoring Road Surface Condition Using Fog Computing

The principle point of this task is to build up an Intelligent Monitoring System used to screen the Road Surface Condition using Fog Computing that increases the road safety. Multiple solutions have been proposed which make use of mobile sensing, more specifically contemporary applications and architectures that are used in both crowd sensing and vehicle based sensing. Nonetheless, these initiatives have not been without challenges that range from mobility support, location awareness, low latency as well as geo-distribution. As a result, a new term has been coined for this novel paradigm, called, fog computing

A review on Tulasi (Ocimum sanctum Linn.)

Ocimum sanctum Linn is one of the important medicinal plant; known as holy basil. It is commonly available and cultivated across the India and it is having many therapeutic usages. And it is widely used in Ayurveda for the treatment of various disorders. It is extensively used as antioxidant, immune-modulatory, antipyretic, anticancer, chemo-preventive, radio-protective, anti-hypertensive and cardio protective and antimicrobial activity etc. The present article provides all necessary information regarding its classical literature and research updates on Phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities.   Keywords:  Ayurveda, Tulasi, Ocimum sanctum Linn

Resistance to autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease in an APOE3 Christchurch homozygote: a case report.

We identified a PSEN1 (presenilin 1) mutation carrier from the world's largest autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease kindred, who did not develop mild cognitive impairment until her seventies, three decades after the expected age of clinical onset. The individual had two copies of the APOE3 Christchurch (R136S) mutation, unusually high brain amyloid levels and limited tau and neurodegenerative measurements. Our findings have implications for the role of APOE in the pathogenesis, treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease

Molecular Interpretation of ACTH-β-Endorphin Coaggregation: Relevance to Secretory Granule Biogenesis

Peptide/protein hormones could be stored as non-toxic amyloid-like structures in pituitary secretory granules. ACTH and β-endorphin are two of the important peptide hormones that get co-stored in the pituitary secretory granules. Here, we study molecular interactions between ACTH and β-endorphin and their colocalization in the form of amyloid aggregates. Although ACTH is known to be a part of ACTH-β-endorphin aggregate, ACTH alone cannot aggregate into amyloid under various plausible conditions. Using all atom molecular dynamics simulation we investigate the early molecular interaction events in the ACTH-β-endorphin system, β-endorphin-only system and ACTH-only system. We find that β-endorphin and ACTH formed an interacting unit, whereas negligible interactions were observed between ACTH molecules in ACTH-only system. Our data suggest that ACTH is not only involved in interaction with β-endorphin but also enhances the stability of mixed oligomers of the entire system

Effect of Village-wide Use of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets on Visceral Leishmaniasis Vectors in India and Nepal: A Cluster Randomized Trial

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne disease causing at least 60,000 deaths each year amongst an estimated half million cases, and until recently there have been no significant initiatives to reduce this burden. However, in 2005, the governments of India, Bangladesh and Nepal signed a memorandum of understanding at the World Health Assembly in Geneva for the elimination of the disease by 2015. In the absence of an effective vaccine, the program will rely on the active detection and prompt treatment of cases throughout the endemic region, combined with a recurrent indoor residual spraying (IRS) of all villages at risk. Vector control programs based on IRS are notorious for failing to maintain comprehensive spray coverage over time owing to logistical problems and lack of compliance by householders. Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LNs) have been postulated as an alternative or complement to IRS. Here we describe how comprehensive coverage of LN in trial communities reduced the indoor density of sand flies by 25% compared to communities without LNs. This provides an indication that LNs could be usefully deployed as a component of the VL control program in the Indian subcontinent

Assessment of the effect of betaine on p16 and c-myc DNA methylation and mRNA expression in a chemical induced rat liver cancer model

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The development and progression of liver cancer may involve abnormal changes in DNA methylation, which lead to the activation of certain proto-oncogenes, such as <it>c-myc</it>, as well as the inactivation of certain tumor suppressors, such as <it>p16</it>. Betaine, as an active methyl-donor, maintains normal DNA methylation patterns. However, there are few investigations on the protective effect of betaine in hepatocarcinogenesis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Four groups of rats were given diethylinitrosamine (DEN) and fed with AIN-93G diets supplemented with 0, 10, 20 or 40 g betaine/kg (model, 1%, 2%, and 4% betaine, respectively), while the control group, received no DEN, fed with AIN-93G diet. Eight or 15 weeks later, the expression of <it>p16 </it>and <it>c-myc </it>mRNA was examined by Real-time PCR (Q-PCR). The DNA methylation status within the <it>p16 </it>and <it>c-myc </it>promoter was analyzed using methylation-specific PCR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Compared with the model group, numbers and areas of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-p)-positive foci were decreased in the livers of the rats treated with betaine (<it>P < 0.05</it>). Although the frequency of <it>p16 </it>promoter methylation in livers of the four DEN-fed groups appeared to increase, there is no difference among these groups after 8 or 15 weeks (<it>P > 0.05</it>). Betaine supplementation attenuated the down-regulation of <it>p16 </it>and inhibited the up-regulation of <it>c-myc </it>induced by DEN in a dose-dependent manner (<it>P </it>< 0.01). Meanwhile, increases in levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in model, 2% and 4% betaine groups were observed (<it>P < 0.05</it>). Finally, enhanced antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) was observed in both the 2% and 4% betaine groups.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our data suggest that betaine attenuates DEN-induced damage in rat liver and reverses DEN-induced changes in mRNA levels.</p