Giant breast tumors: Surgical management of phyllodes tumors, potential for reconstructive surgery and a review of literature

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Phyllodes tumors are biphasic fibroepithelial neoplasms of the breast. While the surgical management of these relatively uncommon tumors has been addressed in the literature, few reports have commented on the surgical approach to tumors greater than ten centimeters in diameter – the giant phyllodes tumor.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report two cases of giant breast tumors and discuss the techniques utilized for pre-operative diagnosis, tumor removal, and breast reconstruction. A review of the literature on the surgical management of phyllodes tumors was performed.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Management of the giant phyllodes tumor presents the surgeon with unique challenges. The majority of these tumors can be managed by simple mastectomy. Axillary lymph node metastasis is rare, and dissection should be limited to patients with pathologic evidence of tumor in the lymph nodes.</p

How has internet addiction research evolved since the advent of internet gaming disorder? An overview of cyberaddictions from a psychological perspective

During the past two decades, Internet addiction (IA) has been the most commonly used term in research into online activities and their influence on the development of behavioral addictions. The aim of this review is to assess the impact of the concept of Internet gaming disorder (IGD), proposed by the American Psychiatric Association, on the scientific literature regarding IA. It presents a bibliometric analysis of the IA literature starting from the time IGD was first proposed, with the objective of observing and comparing the topics that have arisen during this period among the different IA themes researched. The findings demonstrate a steady evolution, particularly regarding publications related to the general aspects of IA: its clinical component, its prevalence and psychometric measures, the growing interest in the contextual factors promoting this addictive behavior, scientific progress in its conceptualization based on existing theoretical models, and neuropsychological studies. Nevertheless, many of the studies (22 %) focus on specific IA behaviors and show heterogeneity among the cyberaddictions, with online gaming (related to IGD) most common, followed by cybersex and social networking. Although research on the general concept of IA continues, investigators have begun to pay attention to the diverse spectrum of specific cyberaddictions and their psychological components

The Role of Neutrophil Proteins on the Amyloid Beta-RAGE Axis

We would like to thank Dr. Arthur Owora, previously a Research Biostatistician of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, for his assistance on the statistical analysis performed in this study. We thank Dr. Sixia Chen of the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiogy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, for his additional input on the statistical analysis. We thank the Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Cytometry Research at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center for the use of the Core Facility which allowed us to perform the MALDI-TOF MS and MS/MS experiments. GM-0111 was provided as a gift by Dr. Justin Savage, GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc.We previously showed an elevated expression of the neutrophil protein, cationic antimicrobial protein of 37kDa (CAP37), in brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), suggesting that CAP37 could be involved in AD pathogenesis. The first step in determining how CAP37 might contribute to AD pathogenesis was to identify the receptor through which it induces cell responses. To identify a putative receptor, we performed GAMMA analysis to determine genes that positively correlated with CAP37 in terms of expression. Positive correlations with ligands for the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) were observed. Additionally, CAP37 expression positively correlated with two other neutrophil proteins, neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) demonstrated an interaction between CAP37, neutrophil elastase, and cathepsin G with RAGE. Amyloid beta 1–42 (Aβ1–42), a known RAGE ligand, accumulates in AD brains and interacts with RAGE, contributing to Aβ1–42 neurotoxicity. We questioned whether the binding of CAP37, neutrophil elastase and/or cathepsin G to RAGE could interfere with Aβ1–42 binding to RAGE. Using ELISAs, we determined that CAP37 and neutrophil elastase inhibited binding of Aβ1–42 to RAGE, and this effect was reversed by protease inhibitors in the case of neutrophil elastase. Since neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G have enzymatic activity, mass spectrometry was performed to determine the proteolytic activity of all three neutrophil proteins on Aβ1–42. All three neutrophil proteins bound to Aβ1–42 with different affinities and cleaved Aβ1–42 with different kinetics and substrate specificities. We posit that these neutrophil proteins could modulate neurotoxicity in AD by cleaving Aβ1–42 and influencing the Aβ1–42 –RAGE interaction. Further studies will be required to determine the biological significance of these effects and their relevance in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. Our findings identify a novel area of study that underscores the importance of neutrophils and neutrophil proteins in neuroinflammatory diseases such as AD.Yeshttp://www.plosone.org/static/editorial#pee

Determining the long-term habitat preferences of the Duke of Burgundy butterfly, Hamearis lucina, on a chalk grassland reserve in the UK.

The Duke of Burgundy butterfly has undergone considerable range contractions across Europe and since the 1970s has lost around 84% of its former distribution in the UK. Despite its endangered status, the butterfly is understudied, with few papers directly investigating its habitat requirements. This limited research effort focusses on the larval life stage, with relatively little being known about the adults of the species. In this study, we investigated the habitat usage of both adults and larvae of the Duke of Burgundy. Fieldwork was carried out in association with the Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire (BCN) Wildlife Trust on their Totternhoe Quarry Reserve in Bedfordshire. Using data collected over the course of a decade, we performed the first long term distribution analysis of the species and we identified habitat attributes associated with long-standing abundance hotspots of both adults and larvae on the reserve. We found both life stages to be conserved in their range, remaining in the same small areas of Totternhoe Quarry year on year, with adults often being more restricted in their distribution than larvae. Sheltered locations were important for both life stages, but small differences in habitat preference, such as slope and aspect, were also identified. These results emphasise the need to target management towards both life stages of the Duke of Burgundy, as supporting the larvae alone may not result in suitable environmental conditions for the adults.Isaac Newton Trust and Christ’s College who jointly funded MPH’s Newton College Masters Studentship during this project

Correction to: Determining the long-term habitat preferences of the Duke of Burgundy butterfly, Hamearis lucina, on a chalk grassland reserve in the UK (Journal of Insect Conservation, (2018), 22, 2, (329-343), 10.1007/s10841-018-0065-9)

In the original publication the order of author was published incorrectly. The correct order is given in this Correction.</jats:p