Pengaruh Media Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Stek Batang Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan stek batang tanaman naga merah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Rawasari Kecamatan Trienggadeng Kabupaten Pidie Jaya pada bulan Juli sampai dengan September 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial dengan 3 ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah tunas, panjang cabang, bobot tunas, panjang akar, jumlah akar dan berat basah akar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media tanam berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah tunas pada umur 45 HST, panjang cabang pada umur 25, 45 dan 65 HST, bobot tunas, panjang akar dan jumlah akar, dan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat basah akar. Perlakukan media tanam terbaik adalah M3 (Pasir+Arang Sekam+Pupuk Kandang dengan perbandingan 1:1:1). Kata Kunci : Media Tanam dan Stek Batang Naga Mera

Screening for the optimal induction parameters for periplasmic producing interferon-&#945 2b in Escherichia coli

Screening for optimum induction parameters to improve the production of periplasmic interferon-α2b (PrIFN-α2b) by recombinant Escherichia coli was conducted using shake flask culture. Recombinant E. coli Rosetta-gami 2(DE3) harboring the plasmid pET26b containing IFN-α2b gene under the control of the T7lac promoter was used, where the induction was accomplished by isopropyl β-D-1- thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The induction parameters (inducer concentration, point of induction, induction temperature and the length of induction) were analyzed to find the suitable range to be used for further optimization process. From the analysis, narrow range of induction temperature from 16 to 30°C and IPTG lower than 2 mM were found suitable for induction of PrIFN-α2b. On the other hand, early log phase was the preferred time to initiate the induction and the length of induction was dependent on the combination of other induction parameters used.Key words: Interferon-2b (IFN-2b), induction parameter, Escherichia coli, periplasm, shake flask culture

Effect of promoter strength and signal sequence on the periplasmic expression of human interferon- &#9452b in Escherichia coli

Two plasmids, pFLAG-ATS and pET 26b(+), were studied for the periplasmic expression of recombinant human interferon-2b (IFN-2b) in Escherichia coli. The pFLAG-ATS contains ompA signal sequence and tac promoter while pET 26b(+) contains pelB signal sequence and T7lac promoter. It was observedthat periplasmic expression of IFN-2b from pET 26b(+) was around 3000 times higher than pFLAGATS. Difference in the expression level was attributed to the difference in the promoters and the signal sequences. In silico analysis of mRNA secondary structures were analyzed using Vienna RNA packageand MFOLD. The results suggested that the increase of expression would mainly due to the difference in the translation initiation associated with secondary structure of mRNA transcribed by both plasmids

Widespread occurrence of benzimidazole resistance single nucleotide polymorphisms in the canine hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum, in Australia

Canine hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum), a gastrointestinal nematode of domestic dogs, principally infects the small intestine of dogs and has the potential to cause zoonotic disease. In greyhounds and pet dogs in the USA, A. caninum has been shown to be resistant to multiple anthelmintics. We conducted a molecular survey of benzimidazole resistance in A. caninum from dogs at veterinary diagnostic centers in Australia and New Zealand. First, we implemented an internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-2 rDNA deep amplicon metabarcoding sequencing approach to ascertain the species of hookworms infecting dogs in the region. Then, we evaluated the frequency of the canonical F167Y and Q134H isotype-1 β-tubulin mutations, which confer benzimidazole resistance, using the same sequencing approach. The most detected hookworm species in diagnostic samples was A. caninum (90%; 83/92); the related Northern hookworm (Uncinaria stenocephala) was identified in 11% (10/92) of the diagnostic samples. There was a single sample with coinfection by A. caninum and U. stenocephala. Both isotype-1 β-tubulin mutations were present in A. caninum, 49% and 67% for Q134H and F167Y, respectively. Mutation F167Y in the isotype-1 β-tubulin mutation was recorded in U. stenocephala for the first known time. Canonical benzimidazole resistance codons 198 and 200 mutations were absent. Egg hatch assays performed on a subset of the A. caninum samples showed significant correlation between 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) to thiabendazole and F167Y, with an increased IC50 for samples with > 75% F167Y mutation. We detected 14% of dogs with > 75% F167Y mutation in A. caninum. Given that these samples were collected from dogs across various regions of Australia, the present study suggests that benzimidazole resistance in A. caninum is widespread. Therefore, to mitigate the risk of resistance selection and further spread, adoption of a risk assessment-based approach to limit unnecessary anthelmintic use should be a key consideration for future parasite control.fals

Rancang Bangun dan Pengujian Implemen Kepras Tebu (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Tipe Rotari dengan Menggunakan Traktor Tangan

Tebu (Saccharum Officinarum L.) adalah tanaman jenis rumput - rumputan yang ditanam untuk bahan baku gula dan vetsin. Umur tanaman tebu sejak ditanam hingga dipanen kurang lebih 1 tahun. Setelah dipanen, tebu memiliki kemampuan untuk memproduksi tunas-tunas baru yang dihasilkan dari tunggul dalam tanah. Menurut Oktavia (2015), menyebutkan bahwa tanaman tebu dapat tumbuh di lahan basah maupun kering. Tanah yang tidak terlalu kering dan basah adalah kondisi tanah yang baik untuk pertumbuhan tebu. Oleh karena itu irigasi dan drainase harus diperhatikan. Tebu dapat tumbuh dengan baik pada ketinggian 0 - 1400 mdpl dengan berbagai macam tanah seperti alluvial, grumusol, latosol, dan regusol. Tebu paling ideal berada pada ketinggian <500 mdpl. Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan Gantina (2011), budidaya tanaman tebu terbagi menjadi beberapa kegiatan, salah satunya adalah proses penanaman. Ada dua cara dalam penanaman tebu yaitu dengan cara bongkar ratoon maupun dengan cara kepras. Pengeprasan tebu adalah kegiatan pemotongan sisa-sisa tebangan yang masih tinggi dengan tujuan untuk memacu tumbuhnya tunas keprasan dari dongkelan dibagian bawah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang, membuat dan menguji imlemen kepras tebu tiper rotari dengan menggunakan traktor tangan. Terdapat dua tahap pada penelitian ini yaitu tahap perancangan & pembuatan implemen, dan tahap pengujianx implemen. Dalam tahap perancangan dan pembuatan, mulai dari pemilihan bentuk, perhitungan dimensi, dan bahan yang akan digunakan untuk pembuatan implemen. Tahap kedua adalah pengujian implemen kepras tebu tipe rotari. Pada tahap ini akan diuji kecepatan kecepatan maju pengeprasan, kecepatan putar pemotongan, dan pengamatan hasil keprasan dengan melakukan: a) pengukuran jumlah persentase tunggul yang utuh, tunggul yang pecah dan tunggul yang terbongkar b) pengamatan jumlah tunas yang tumbuh, setelah 2 minggu pengeprasan. Implemen kepras tebu ini bekerja pada kedalaman pengeprasan berkisar antara 2,64 – 11,8 cm dengan rata-rata 6,5 cm. Kecepatan putar pisau pemotong yang digunakan untuk melakukan pengeprasan sebesar kisaran 300 rpm. Bentuk guludan yang dihasilkan dari pengeprasan menggunakan implemen kepras memiliki bentuk keprasan rata. Pengeprasan menggunakan implemen kepras menghasilkan tunggul tebu yang pecah lebih banyak daripada tunggul yang utuh. Rata-rata hasil keprasan tunggul yang utuh sebesar 42,3%, tunggul yang pecah 47,3% dan tunggul yang terbongkar sebesar 10,4%. Pengamatan tunas yang tumbuh pada guludan yang menggunakan implemen kepras lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan guludan yang menggunakan cangkul. Tunas yang tumbuh pada guludan 1, 2, dan 3 yang menggunakan implemen kepras sebanyak 259, 236, dan 252 dengan rata-rata 249. Sedangkan pada guludan 4 yang menggunakan cangkul sebanyak 191 tuna

Multifocal peliosis hepatis: MR and diffusion-weighted MR-imaging findings of an atypical case

Peliosis is a rare benign disorder that is characterized by the presence of diffuse blood-filled cystic spaces and can occur in the liver, spleen, bone-marrow, and lungs. We present a 10-year-old boy with Fanconi anemia who presented with peliosis hepatis due to androgen treatment. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed multiple non-enhancing masses. Some of the lesions revealed fluid-fluid levels and extrahepatic extension on MR images. Diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging showed restricted diffusion. Fluid-fluid levels and extrahepatic extensions are unusual findings for hepatic peliotic lesions. In addition, DW imaging findings of peliosis hepatis have not been reported previously

Evaluation of the Webler-Brown model for estimating tetrachloroethylene exposure from vinyl-lined asbestos-cement pipes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>From May 1968 through March 1980, vinyl-lined asbestos-cement (VL/AC) water distribution pipes were installed in New England to avoid taste and odor problems associated with asbestos-cement pipes. The vinyl resin was applied to the inner pipe surface in a solution of tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene, PCE). Substantial amounts of PCE remained in the liner and subsequently leached into public drinking water supplies.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Once aware of the leaching problem and prior to remediation (April-November 1980), Massachusetts regulators collected drinking water samples from VL/AC pipes to determine the extent and severity of the PCE contamination. This study compares newly obtained historical records of PCE concentrations in water samples (n = 88) with concentrations estimated using an exposure model employed in epidemiologic studies on the cancer risk associated with PCE-contaminated drinking water. The exposure model was developed by Webler and Brown to estimate the mass of PCE delivered to subjects' residences.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mean and median measured PCE concentrations in the water samples were 66 and 0.5 μg/L, respectively, and the range extended from non-detectable to 2432 μg/L. The model-generated concentration estimates and water sample concentrations were moderately correlated (Spearman rank correlation coefficient = 0.48, p < 0.0001). Correlations were higher in samples taken at taps and spigots vs. hydrants (ρ = 0.84 vs. 0.34), in areas with simple vs. complex geometry (ρ = 0.51 vs. 0.38), and near pipes installed in 1973–1976 vs. other years (ρ = 0.56 vs. 0.42 for 1968–1972 and 0.37 for 1977–1980). Overall, 24% of the variance in measured PCE concentrations was explained by the model-generated concentration estimates (p < 0.0001). Almost half of the water samples had undetectable concentrations of PCE. Undetectable levels were more common in areas with the earliest installed VL/AC pipes, at the beginning and middle of VL/AC pipes, at hydrants, and in complex pipe configurations.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>PCE concentration estimates generated using the Webler-Brown model were moderately correlated with measured water concentrations. The present analysis suggests that the exposure assessment process used in prior epidemiological studies could be improved with more accurate characterization of water flow. This study illustrates one method of validating an exposure model in an epidemiological study when historical measurements are not available.</p

Genetic risk factors for cerebrovascular disease in children with sickle cell disease: design of a case-control association study and genomewide screen

BACKGROUND: The phenotypic heterogeneity of sickle cell disease is likely the result of multiple genetic factors and their interaction with the sickle mutation. High transcranial doppler (TCD) velocities define a subgroup of children with sickle cell disease who are at increased risk for developing ischemic stroke. The genetic factors leading to the development of a high TCD velocity (i.e. cerebrovascular disease) and ultimately to stroke are not well characterized. METHODS: We have designed a case-control association study to elucidate the role of genetic polymorphisms as risk factors for cerebrovascular disease as measured by a high TCD velocity in children with sickle cell disease. The study will consist of two parts: a candidate gene study and a genomewide screen and will be performed in 230 cases and 400 controls. Cases will include 130 patients (TCD ≥ 200 cm/s) randomized in the Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) study as well as 100 other patients found to have high TCD in STOP II screening. Four hundred sickle cell disease patients with a normal TCD velocity (TCD < 170 cm/s) will be controls. The candidate gene study will involve the analysis of 28 genetic polymorphisms in 20 candidate genes. The polymorphisms include mutations in coagulation factor genes (Factor V, Prothrombin, Fibrinogen, Factor VII, Factor XIII, PAI-1), platelet activation/function (GpIIb/IIIa, GpIb IX-V, GpIa/IIa), vascular reactivity (ACE), endothelial cell function (MTHFR, thrombomodulin, VCAM-1, E-Selectin, L-Selectin, P-Selectin, ICAM-1), inflammation (TNFα), lipid metabolism (Apo A1, Apo E), and cell adhesion (VCAM-1, E-Selectin, L-Selectin, P-Selectin, ICAM-1). We will perform a genomewide screen of validated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in pooled DNA samples from 230 cases and 400 controls to study the possible association of additional polymorphisms with the high-risk phenotype. High-throughput SNP genotyping will be performed through MALDI-TOF technology using Sequenom's MassARRAY™ system. DISCUSSION: It is expected that this study will yield important information on genetic risk factors for the cerebrovascular disease phenotype in sickle cell disease by clarifying the role of candidate genes in the development of high TCD. The genomewide screen for a large number of SNPs may uncover the association of novel polymorphisms with cerebrovascular disease and stroke in sickle cell disease

The postmastectomy pain syndrome: an epidemiological study on the prevalence of chronic pain after surgery for breast cancer

The prevalence of the postmastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) and its clinical characteristics was assessed in a group of patients who had undergone surgery for breast cancer at the Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, within the period of 1 May 2003 to 30 April 2004. The study included 258 patients and a reference group of 774 women. A questionnaire was mailed to the patients 1½ year after surgery and to the women in the reference group. The PMPS was defined as pain located in the area of the surgery or ipsilateral arm, present at least 4 days per week and with an average intensity of at least 3 on a numeric rating scale from 0 to 10. The prevalence of PMPS was found to be 23.9%. The odds ratio of developing PMPS was 2.88 (95% confidence interval 1.84–4.51). Significant risk factors were as follows: having undergone breast surgery earlier (OR 8.12), tumour located in the upper lateral quarter (OR 6.48) and young age (OR 1.04). This study shows that, although recent advances in the diagnostic and surgical procedures have reduced the frequency of the more invasive surgical procedures, there still is a considerable risk of developing PMPS after treatment of breast cancer