STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL INVESTIGATION OF PURE AND LANTHANUM DOPED ZnO NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED BY CO-PRECIPITATION METHOD

Objective: Zinc oxide nanoparticles are assumed to be the foundation for several applications including environmental applications, optical devices, telecommunication, energy storage and so on. Its very crucial to obtain uniform and good quality nanoparticles in their properties point of view. Materials and Methods: Pure and rare earth material (La) doped ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation route with heating temperature of 200oC and their properties were comparatively studied in this work. The structural properties were carried out by X-Ray diffraction technique and Optical analysis was done by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Results: Structural investigations show that all the crystallites are of hexagonal wurtzite structure with preferred orientation along (101) plane. Further, optical analysis indicates that the average transmittance of the prepared samples is 85 % in visible region of spectrum. Moreover, Energy band gap studies reveal the increase in energy band gap from 3.23eV to 3.24 eV with incorporation of La+3 in ZnO lattice. Conclusion: These analyses indicate that doping Zinc oxide with lanthanum varies and enhances the properties of prepared thin films

STUDY OF STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES ZN1-XCRXO (X= 0.00 & 0.02) THIN FILMS DEPOSITED BY SPRAY PYROLYSIS ROUTE

Objective: The High quality with low economical cost thin films has become a global need. Zn1-xCrxO (x= 0.00 & 0.02) thin film has been deposited on glass substrate by simple chemical spray pyrolysis route. Materials and Methods:The structural and optical properties Zn1-xCrxO (x= 0.00 & 0.02) film were studied by using x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and UV-Visible spectra. The structural parameters such as lattice constant (a & c), strain and dislocation density was also calculated by analyzing xray diffraction pattern Results:The entire x-ray diffraction peaks confirm that the Zn1-xCrxO films have polycrystalline nature with hexagonal (wurtzite) crystal structure. The mean crystalline size was determined by Debye-Scherrer formula. The crystallite size was found to be 32nm and 22nm for x=0.00 and x=0.02 respectively. The transmittance spectra reveal that all the films have high transmittance (higher than 80%) in the range of visible and near to the infrared wavelength region. There was decreasing band gap with Cr (x=0.02) doping concentration. Conclusion: Structural and optical properties reveal that films are of good quality that are suitable for several applications

Role of cobalt doping on the electrical conductivity of ZnO nanoparticles

Cobalt doped zinc oxide (Zn1-xCoxO; x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) samples were synthesized using co-precipitation method. The Co doped ZnO nanoparticles showed the maximum solubility limit. The XRD patterns confirm the hexagonal type wurtzite structure without secondary phase in Co substituted ZnO samples. The particle size was studied using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and grain size estimated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). We report the study of temperature dependence of conductivity on ZnO and Co doped ZnO nanoparticles. It is found that at a higher temperature range (above 470 K) thermally activated type of conduction is in dominance with the lower temperature range of conduction in which donor carrier hopping mechanism is dominated. DC conductivity result shows the reduction nature for cobalt doped ZnO. The obtained results are discussed on basis of potential barrier, donor concentration, point defects and adsorption–desorption of oxygen. Cobalt substitution increases resistivity, reduces grain growth, lower particle size and increase in activation energy. Detailed mapping of two regions of electrical conductivity is done to understand the activation energy mechanisms prevailing in cobalt doped ZnO

Precipitated nickel doped ZnO nanoparticles with enhanced low temperature ethanol sensing properties

The Zn1-xNixO nanoparticles have been synthesized by novel co-precipitation method and systematically characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and photo luminescence. The XRD patterns confirm the hexagonal wurzite structure without secondary phases in Ni substituted ZnO samples. SEM and TEM are used for the estimation of particle shape and size. In PL study there is a peak in the range of 380–390 nm in all samples that is attributed to the oxygen vacancies. Gas sensing tests reveal that Ni doped ZnO sensor has remarkably enhanced performance compared to pure ZnO detected at an optimum temperature 100 °C. It could detect ethanol gas in a wide concentration range with very high response, fast response–recovery time, good selectivity and stable repeatability. The possible sensing mechanism is discussed. The high response of ZnO Nanoparticles was attributed to large contacting surface area for electrons, oxygen, target gas molecule, and abundant channels for gas diffusion. The superior sensing features indicate the present Ni doped ZnO as a promising nanomaterial for gas sensors. The response time and recovery time of undoped is 75 s and 60 s and 0.25 at% Ni are found to be 60 s and 45 s at 100 °C respectively

Effect of L-Glycine on Carcass Parameters, Blood Biochemicals, and Jejunal Histomorphometry of Commercial Broiler Chicken

A study was conducted for duration of six weeks on 240, day-old Cobb-430Y broiler strain chicks and randomly distributed to four groups each containing three replicates and 20 chicks per replicate. Group A was Negative Control (NC) contained 3% Low Protein (LP) diet containing 19.50, 18.00 and 16.50% crude protein (CP) for broiler pre-starter, starter and finisher phases, respectively. Positive Control (PC) group B contained standard protein 22.50, 21.00, and 19.50% CP as per breeder recommendation. No L-Glycine was added to NC and PC diets. Group C (NC+Gly1) was formulated by adding 0.640, 0.810, and 0.630% L-Glycine in  NC diet to arrive 2.30, 2.30, and 2.00% digestible (Dig.) Gly + Ser levels while group D (NC+Gly2) was formulated by supplementation of 0.755, 0.985, and 0.740% L-Glycine in NC diet to arrive 2.40, 2.40, and 2.10% digestible Gly + Ser levels in broiler pre starter, starter and finisher diets respectively. Digestible Gly + Ser levels of NC group were 1.71, 1.56 and 1.43%; and of  PC group were 2.02, 1.91 and 1.76%, respectively for broiler pre starter, starter and finisher diets. Ratio of dig. Met, Thr, Trp, Arg, and Val. ratioed to Lys. were balanced in all diets. All diets were isocaloric (3010, 3100, and 3200 kcal ME /kg) for broiler pre starter, starter and finishaer phases, respectively. Results showed that the L-Glycine supplementation in AA-balanced 3% LP diet did not affect per cent eviscerated yield, giblet yield, ready-to-cook yield, and breast meat yield but helped to reduce abdominal fat without altering serum biochemical parameters. Dig. Gly + Ser levels of 2.30, 2.30, and 2.00% (L-Glycine levels of 0.640, 0.810, and  0.630%) in 3% low protein (19.50, 18.00, and 16.50% CP) for broiler pre starter, starter and finisher diets helps to improve jejunal crypt depth leads to increasing cell renewal rate and maturation in the gut. Incorporation of L-Glycine is recommedded to maintain Dig. Gly + Ser levels of 2.30, 2.30, and 2.00% in broiler pre starter, starter and finisher phases with reduction of 3% CP in breeder recommended commercial broiler diet. Reducing dietary crude protein using L-Glysine without harming broiler performance could be economical