2,661 research outputs found
Very large scale structures in growing neutrino quintessence
A quintessence scalar field or cosmon interacting with neutrinos can have
important effects on cosmological structure formation. Within growing neutrino
models the coupling becomes effective only in recent times, when neutrinos
become non-relativistic, stopping the evolution of the cosmon. This can explain
why dark energy dominates the universe only in a rather recent epoch by
relating the present dark energy density to the small mass of neutrinos. Such
models predict the presence of stable neutrino lumps at supercluster scales
(~200 Mpc and bigger), caused by an attractive force between neutrinos which is
stronger than gravity and mediated by the cosmon. We present a method to follow
the initial non-linear formation of neutrino lumps in physical space, by
integrating numerically on a 3D grid non-linear evolution equations, until
virialization naturally occurs. As a first application, we show results for
cosmologies with final large neutrino average mass ~2 eV: in this case,
neutrino lumps indeed form and mimic very large cold dark matter structures,
with a typical gravitational potential 10^{-5} for a lump size ~10 Mpc, and
reaching larger values for lumps of about 200 Mpc. A rough estimate of the
cosmological gravitational potential at small k in the non-linear regime,
Phi_nu = 10^{-6} (k/k_0)^{-2}, 1.2x10^{-2} h/Mpc < k_0 < 7.8x10^{-2} h/Mpc,
turns out to be many orders of magnitude smaller than an extrapolation of the
linear evolution of density fluctuations. The size of the neutrino-induced
gravitational potential could modify the spectrum of CMB anisotropies for small
angular momenta.Comment: 17 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review D,
minor changes and correction
The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in Madeira Island
The environmental conditions in Madeira Island are favorable
for the presence and dissemination of the pinewood
nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Five hundred
Pinus pinaster wood samples were collected in several
forest areas and PWN was detected in 22.8 % of the
samples. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus isolates from Madeira
Island displayed the species-specific diagnostic characters.
A morphological variation in the female tail terminus was
detected. In most females, the tail presented a broadly
rounded terminus and, occasionally, a digitate terminus with
a terminal nipple-like extension resembling a mucro. PCR
ITS-RFLP analysis revealed that Madeira Island isolates
exhibited patterns specific to the species B. xylophilus and
similar to virulent isolates. Amplified ITS regions were
further sequenced and no genetic diversity was found for
this genomic region among 17 Portuguese isolates (Madeira
Island and Continental Portugal). Phylogenetic analysis
revealed that Portuguese isolates grouped with isolates from
China, Korea and one isolate from Japa
On virialization with dark energy
We review the inclusion of dark energy into the formalism of spherical
collapse, and the virialization of a two-component system, made of matter and
dark energy. We compare two approaches in previous studies. The first assumes
that only the matter component virializes, e.g. as in the case of a classic
cosmological constant. The second approach allows the full system to virialize
as a whole. We show that the two approaches give fundamentally different
results for the final state of the system. This might be a signature
discriminating between the classic cosmological constant which cannot virialize
and a dynamical dark energy mimicking a cosmological constant. This signature
is independent of the measured value of the equation of state. An additional
issue which we address is energy non-conservation of the system, which
originates from the homogeneity assumption for the dark energy. We propose a
way to take this energy loss into account.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in JCA
Transição agroecológica do roçado tradicional para a roça sem queima: mudanças no preparo da terra.
Este artigo trata das práticas resultantes da transição da roça com corte e queima tradicional para a roça sem queima na comunidade Barra do Leme, Assentamento Barra do Leme, Pentecoste, Ceará. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de um estudo de caso, com levantamento de dados qualitativos e quantitativos, de observação participante e de entrevistas diretivas e não diretivas. Os resultados mostram que a organização e a militância ambiental da comunidade foram fundamentais para a decisão da transição para uma agricultura sem queima. O trabalho de preparo da terra de novas áreas de plantio passou a ser mais pesado. Com isso houve a fixação das áreas de cultivo, as coivaras foram modificadas, a adubação foi incorporada ao roçado como forma de fertilização do solo alternativa às queimadas, e ocorreu diminuição do tempo dedicado à agricultura
IFMIF suitability for evaluation of fusion functional materials
The International FusionMaterials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) is a future neutron source based on the D-Li stripping reaction, planned to test candidate fusionmaterials at relevant fusion irradiation conditions. During the design of IFMIF special attention was paid to the structural materials for the blanket and first wall, because they will be exposed to the most severe irradiation conditions in a fusion reactor. Also the irradiation of candidate materials for solid breeder blankets is planned in the IFMIF reference design.
This paper focuses on the assessment of the suitability of IFMIF irradiation conditions for testing functionalmaterials to be used in liquid blankets and diagnostics systems, since they are been also considered within IFMIF objectives. The study has been based on the analysis and comparison of the main expected irradiation parameters in IFMIF and DEMO reactor
Diamagnetic response of cylindrical normal metal - superconductor proximity structures with low concentration of scattering centers
We have investigated the diamagnetic response of composite NS proximity
wires, consisting of a clean silver or copper coating, in good electrical
contact to a superconducting niobium or tantalum core. The samples show strong
induced diamagnetism in the normal layer, resulting in a nearly complete
Meissner screening at low temperatures. The temperature dependence of the
linear diamagnetic susceptibility data is successfully described by the
quasiclassical Eilenberger theory including elastic scattering characterised by
a mean free path l. Using the mean free path as the only fit parameter we found
values of l in the range 0.1-1 of the normal metal layer thickness d_N, which
are in rough agreement with the ones obtained from residual resistivity
measurements. The fits are satisfactory over the whole temperature range
between 5 mK and 7 K for values of d_N varying between 1.6 my m and 30 my m.
Although a finite mean free path is necessary to correctly describe the
temperature dependence of the linear response diamagnetic susceptibility, the
measured breakdown fields in the nonlinear regime follow the temperature and
thickness dependence given by the clean limit theory. However, there is a
discrepancy in the absolute values. We argue that in order to reach
quantitative agreement one needs to take into account the mean free path from
the fits of the linear response. [PACS numbers: 74.50.+r, 74.80.-g]Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure
Surface Analysis Of Alumina Ceramic Exposed To Shock Waves Produced By Plasma Expander
Material surface treatment by plasma expander is relatively recent. Plasma expander is based on the inverse pinch effect. The shock waves produced by plasma expander may also promote modifications in ceramic materials exposed to the expander. These modifications are mainly made by ablation phenomenon. This work was intended to verify the shock wave effects on the ionic ceramic samples with high dielectric constant. The alumina ceramic samples were formed by both uniaxial and isostatic pressing methods and sintered at 1650 degrees C. They were also produced with addition 0.15 wt% of MgO in order to obtain a high densification. The ceramic samples were divided in groups and exposed to 700, 1000 and 1440 pulses during 20 min. These pulses were generated by nitrogen plasma expander at 13.0 Pa and 6 kV. After plasma exposure, there was an increase in roughness parameter values of Al2O3 ceramic surface. The treatment by plasma expander did not modify the hydrophilic characteristic of the alumina ceramic samples. The results of hardness test presented no significant changes on hardness mean values.59
Traumatologia renal nos HUC: experiência de treze anos
Os autores fazem uma revisão da casuística de traumatologia renal da sua instituição. Analisam-se 152 traumatismos renais ocorridos em 13 anos avaliando-se a classificação, mecanismo causal, etiologia, sintomatologia, estudo imagiológico, lesões associadas, tratamento, complicações e evolução
- …