15,440 research outputs found
Diffuse HI Disks in Isolated Galaxies
In order to investigate the contribution of diffuse components to their total
HI emission, we have obtained high precision HI line flux densities with the
100m Green Bank Telescope for a sample of 100 isolated spiral and irregular
galaxies which we have previously observed with the 43m telescope. A comparison
of the observed HI line fluxes obtained with the two different telescopes,
characterized by half-power beam widths of 9 arcmin and 21 arcmin respectively,
exploits a ``beam matching'' technique to yield a statistical determination of
the occurrence of diffuse HI components in their disks. A simple model of the
HI distribution within a galaxy well describes ~75 % of the sample and accounts
for all of the HI line flux density. The remaining galaxies are approximately
evenly divided into two categories: ones which appear to possess a
significantly more extensive HI distribution than the model predicts, and ones
for which the HI distribution is more centrally concentrated than predicted.
Examples of both extremes can be found in the literature but little attention
has been paid to the centrally concentrated HI systems. Our sample has
demonstrated that galaxies do not commonly possess extended regions of low
surface brightness HI gas which is not accounted for by our current
understanding of the structure of HI disks. Eight HI-rich companions to the
target objects are identified, and a set of extragalactic HI line flux density
calibrators is presented.Comment: 26 page
Tuning gastropod locomotion: Modeling the influence of mucus rheology on the cost of crawling
Common gastropods such as snails crawl on a solid substrate by propagating
muscular waves of shear stress on a viscoelastic mucus. Producing the mucus
accounts for the largest component in the gastropod's energy budget, more than
twenty times the amount of mechanical work used in crawling. Using a simple
mechanical model, we show that the shear-thinning properties of the mucus favor
a decrease in the amount of mucus necessary for crawling, thereby decreasing
the overall energetic cost of locomotion.Comment: Corrected typo
Complementary Methods for Volcanic Seismic Source Discrimination
ABSTRACT FINAL ID: V53E-2673
TITLE: Complementary Methods for Volcanic Seismic Source Discrimination
SESSION TYPE: Poster
SESSION TITLE: V53E. Surveillance of Volcanic Unrest: New Developments in Multidisciplinary Monitoring Methods IV Posters
AUTHORS (FIRST NAME, LAST NAME): Charlotte A Rowe1, Susanna M R Falsaperla2, Emily Morton3, Horst K Langer2, Boris Behncke2
INSTITUTIONS (ALL): 1. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM, United States.
2. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Volcanologia, Catania, Italy.
3. Earth and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, United States.
Title of Team:
ABSTRACT BODY: We explore the success rates of detection and classification algorithms as applied to seismic signals from active volcanoes. The subspace detection method has shown some success in identifying repeating (but not identical) signals from seismic swarm sources, as well as pulling out nonvolcanic long period events within subduction zone tremor. We continue the exploration of this technique as applied to both discrete events and variations within volcanic tremor to determine optimal situations for its use.
We will demonstrate both three-dimensional and subband applications both on raw waveforms and derived features such as skewness and kurtosis. The application can be used in both a supervised (select templates and compare) as well as unsupervised (cross-compare all samples and apply clustering to the matrix of comparisons).
We compare the method to that of the KKAnalysis tool, which uses a self-organizing map approach to unsupervised clustering for feature vectors derived from the seismic waveforms. We will present a comparison of this method as applied to waveform features, spectral features and time-varying higher-order statistics as well as signal polarization, to elucidate the tools which show the best promise for problematic discrimination tasks
Chemical Abundance Gradients in the Star-Forming Ring Galaxies
Ring waves of star formation, propagating outwardly in the galactic disks,
leave chemical abundance gradients in their wakes. We show that the relative
[Fe/O] abundance gradients in ring galaxies can be used as a tool for
determining the role of the SNIa explosions in their chemical enrichment. We
consider two mechanisms which can create outwardly propagating star forming
rings in a purely gaseous disk -- a self-induced wave and a density wave, and
demonstrate that the radial distribution of the relative [Fe/O] abundance
gradients does not depend on the particular mechanism of the wave formation or
on the parameters of the star-forming process. We show that the [Fe/O] profile
is determined by the velocity of the wave, initial mass function, and the
initial chemical composition of the star-forming gas. If the role of SNIa
explosions is negligible in the chemical enrichment, the ratio [Fe/O] remains
constant throughout the galactic disk with a steep gradient at the wave front.
If SNIa stars are important in the production of cosmic iron, the [Fe/O] ratio
has gradient in the wake of the star-forming wave with the value depending on
the frequency of SNIa explosions.Comment: Uses aas2pp4.sty and epsfig.sty, 7 pages including one figure To
appear in Astrophysical Journa
Line Broadening and Decoherence of Electron Spins in Phosphorus-Doped Silicon Due to Environmental 29^Si Nuclear Spins
Phosphorus-doped silicon single crystals with 0.19 % <= f <= 99.2 %, where f
is the concentration of 29^Si isotopes, are measured at 8 K using a pulsed
electron spin resonance technique, thereby the effect of environmental 29^Si
nuclear spins on the donor electron spin is systematically studied. The
linewidth as a function of f shows a good agreement with theoretical analysis.
We also report the phase memory time T_M of the donor electron spin dependent
on both f and the crystal axis relative to the external magnetic field.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Ghosts of the past and dreams of the future: the impact of temporal focus on responses to contextual ingroup devaluation.
addresses: University of Exeter, Exeter, UK. [email protected]: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tCopyright © 2012 SAGE Publications. Author's draft version; post-print. Final version published by Sage available on Sage Journals Online http://online.sagepub.com/The authors investigated the impact of temporal focus on group members' responses to contextual ingroup devaluation. Four experimental studies demonstrated that following an induction of negative ingroup evaluation, participants primed with a past temporal focus reported behavioral intentions more consistent with this negative appraisal than participants primed with a future temporal focus. This effect was apparent only when a negative (but not a positive) evaluation was induced, and only among highly identified group members. Importantly, the interplay between temporal focus and group identification on relevant intentions was mediated by individual self-esteem, suggesting that focus on the future may be conducive to separating negative ingroup appraisals from individual self-evaluations. Taken together, the findings suggest that high identifiers' responses to ingroup evaluations may be predicated on their temporal focus: A focus on the past may lock such individuals within their group's history, whereas a vision of the future may open up opportunities for change
Host isotope mass effects on the hyperfine interaction of group-V donors in silicon
The effects of host isotope mass on the hyperfine interaction of group-V
donors in silicon are revealed by pulsed electron nuclear double resonance
(ENDOR) spectroscopy of isotopically engineered Si single crystals. Each of the
hyperfine-split P-31, As-75, Sb-121, Sb-123, and Bi-209 ENDOR lines splits
further into multiple components, whose relative intensities accurately match
the statistical likelihood of the nine possible average Si masses in the four
nearest-neighbor sites due to random occupation by the three stable isotopes
Si-28, Si-29, and Si-30. Further investigation with P-31 donors shows that the
resolved ENDOR components shift linearly with the bulk-averaged Si mass.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl
Electron spin relaxation of N@C60 in CS2
We examine the temperature dependence of the relaxation times of the
molecules N@C60 and N@C70 (which comprise atomic nitrogen trapped within a
carbon cage) in liquid CS2 solution. The results are inconsistent with the
fluctuating zero field splitting (ZFS) mechanism, which is commonly invoked to
explain electron spin relaxation for S > 1/2 spins in liquid solution, and is
the mechanism postulated in the literature for these systems. Instead, we find
a clear Arrhenius temperature dependence for N@C60, indicating the spin
relaxation is driven primarily by an Orbach process. For the asymmetric N@C70
molecule, which has a permanent non-zero ZFS, we resolve an additional
relaxation mechanism caused by the rapid reorientation of its ZFS. We also
report the longest coherence time (T2) ever observed for a molecular electron
spin, being 0.25 ms at 170K.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures V2: Updated to published versio
Complementary Methods for Volcanic Seismic Source Discrimination
ABSTRACT FINAL ID: V53E-2673
TITLE: Complementary Methods for Volcanic Seismic Source Discrimination
SESSION TYPE: Poster
SESSION TITLE: V53E. Surveillance of Volcanic Unrest: New Developments in Multidisciplinary Monitoring Methods IV Posters
AUTHORS (FIRST NAME, LAST NAME): Charlotte A Rowe1, Susanna M R Falsaperla2, Emily Morton3, Horst K Langer2, Boris Behncke2
INSTITUTIONS (ALL): 1. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM, United States.
2. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Volcanologia, Catania, Italy.
3. Earth and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, United States.
Title of Team:
ABSTRACT BODY: We explore the success rates of detection and classification algorithms as applied to seismic signals from active volcanoes. The subspace detection method has shown some success in identifying repeating (but not identical) signals from seismic swarm sources, as well as pulling out nonvolcanic long period events within subduction zone tremor. We continue the exploration of this technique as applied to both discrete events and variations within volcanic tremor to determine optimal situations for its use.
We will demonstrate both three-dimensional and subband applications both on raw waveforms and derived features such as skewness and kurtosis. The application can be used in both a supervised (select templates and compare) as well as unsupervised (cross-compare all samples and apply clustering to the matrix of comparisons).
We compare the method to that of the KKAnalysis tool, which uses a self-organizing map approach to unsupervised clustering for feature vectors derived from the seismic waveforms. We will present a comparison of this method as applied to waveform features, spectral features and time-varying higher-order statistics as well as signal polarization, to elucidate the tools which show the best promise for problematic discrimination tasks
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