Processing ceramics

A method of hot hydrostatic pressing of ceramics is described. A detailed description of the invention is given. The invention is explained through an example, and a figure illustrates the temperature and pressure during the hot hydrostatic pressing treatment

Sealing ceramic material in low melting point glass

A structured device placed in an aerated crucible to pack ceramics molding substance that is to be processed was designed. The structure is wrapped by sealing material made of pyrex glass and graphite foil or sheet with a weight attached on top of it. The crucible is made of carbon; the ceramics material to be treated through heat intervenient press process is molding substance consisting mainly of silicon nitride

Organizacija i izvođenje kolegija Praksa u nastavi japanskog jezika i kulture

Considering the global increase in the number of Japanese language learners, the need to establish educational institutions (primary, secondary, higher education, non-school education) for Japanese language learning also arose in Croatia and, subsequently, the necessity to foster a new generation of qualified teachers with sufficient theoretical and practical background in teaching Japanese as a foreign language. The purpose of this paper is to examine and describe the process of implementing the graduate course Practice Teaching of the Japanese Language and Culture, along with its challenges such as online classes due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The paper discusses the role of teachers as facilitators, the role of students as trainees and the role of learners, i.e. the participants of an intensive two-week Japanese language course, which is part of the abovementioned graduate course. Furthermore, the paper discusses the learner survey and the trainee self-evaluation report with respect to the improvement of their knowledge.Globalni trend sve većeg rasta broja učenika japanskog jezika ukazao je i na pojavu potrebe u Hrvatskoj za osnivanjem obrazovnih ustanova (osnovno, srednje i visoko obrazovanje; neformalno obrazovanje) za učenje japanskog jezika, a posljedično i obrazovanjem i stvaranjem nove generacije kvalificiranih mladih učitelja, s adekvatnom teorijskom i praktičnom pozadinom i znanjem japanske didaktike i pedagogije. Cilj ovog rada je analizirati i opisati organizaciju i izvođenje kolegija Praksa u nastavi japanskog jezika i kulture na prvoj godini diplomskog studija Japanologije, osvrćući se i na izazove i ograničenja koja su proizašla zbog situacije s pandemijom bolesti Covid-19 i online izvođenja nastave. Nadalje, rad će također raspraviti i ulogu nastavnika kao moderatora/facilitatora, studenata kao praktikanta i polaznika kao učenika na intenzivnom dvotjednom online tečaju za građane, koji je dio gore spomenutog diplomskog kolegija. Na kraju, rad će se, na temelju rezultata i odgovara dobivenih iz ankete provedene na polaznicima tečaja (učenici), zatim saznanja iz izvješća samoevaluacije studenata (praktikanata) o obavljenoj praksi te evaluacije nastavnika, osvrnuti na poboljšanje znanja i vještina praktikanata na praksi

ジュウショウ カンジャ ノ ケットウ カンリ

Acute hyperglycemia is common in critically ill patients. In acute illness,“stress”in response to tissue injury or infection can have profound effects on carbohydrate metabolism. This type of hyperglycemia occurs despite elevation in insulin levels（insulin resistance）. It is well-known that stress-induced hyperglycemia reflects severity of illness and is associated with mortality and morbidity in various patient groups. Until２００1, stress induced hyperglycemia was believed to be a beneficial physiological response which promoted cellular glucose uptake. A single center prospective randomized control trial has shown that ventilated post-operative ICU patients allocated to intensive insulin therapy（IIT）（target glucose : 80-110 mg/dl）, had a 43 percent risk reduction in ICU mortality when compared with patients receiving conventional glucose control（target glucose level : 180-210 mg/dL）. In the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines３０）, maintenance of blood glucose levels less than 150 mg/dl using continuous infusion of insulin and glucose was recommended with a Grade D recommendation. Using this approach, frequent glucose measurements（after introducing lowering blood glucose（every 30-60 mins）and on a regular basis（every 4 hrs）once the blood glucose concentration has stabilized）was also recommended. Using current available evidence, target blood glucose range for critically ill patients would be around 150 mg/dL and insulin should be started when blood glucose become ＞180 mg/dL. To provide safe blood glucose management, physicians should create well-developed insulin protocol and understand the reliability of blood glucose measurements on each device

Low Serum Concentrations of Vitamin B6 and Iron Are Related to Panic Attack and Hyperventilation Attack

Patients undergoing a panic attack (PA) or a hyperventilation attack (HVA) are sometimes admitted to emergency departments (EDs). Reduced serotonin level is known as one of the causes of PA and HVA. Serotonin is synthesized from tryptophan. For the synthesis of serotonin, vitamin B6 (Vit B6) and iron play important roles as cofactors. To clarify the pathophysiology of PA and HVA, we investigated the serum levels of vitamins B2, B6, and B12 and iron in patients with PA or HVA attending an ED. We measured each parameter in 21 PA or HVA patients and compared the values with those from 20 volunteers. We found that both Vit B6 and iron levels were significantly lower in the PA/HVA group than in the volunteer group. There was no significant difference in the serum levels of vitamins B2 or B12. These results suggest that low serum concentrations of Vit B6 and iron are involved in PA and HVA. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms involved in such differences

Pathological Features of New Animal Models for Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by immune mediated biliary damage and frequent appearance of autoantibodies against mitochondrial enzymes. There is almost no useful animal model that is globally recognized and routinely used, however, several unique animal models manifested the characteristic clinical and pathological features of human PBC within the last 5 years. Herein, we compare the pathological features of previously reported and newly introduced novel animal models of PBC. Knowledge and understanding of the strengths and the limitations of each animal model have led to the development of promising therapies and novel tools to characterize these clinical conditions. Moreover, suitability of the model for the intended purpose should be confirmed by further research and analysis

Effect of the medical emergency team on long-term mortality following major surgery

INTRODUCTION: Introducing an intensive care unit (ICU)-based medical emergency team (MET) into our hospital was associated with decreased postoperative in-hospital mortality after major surgery. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of the MET and other variables on long-term mortality in this patient population. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, controlled, before-and-after trial in a University-affiliated hospital. Participants included consecutive patients admitted for major surgery (surgery requiring hospital stay > 48 hours) during a four month control phase and a four month MET phase. The intervention involved the introduction of a hospital-wide ICU-based MET service to evaluate and treat ward patients with acutely deranged vital signs. Information on long-term mortality was obtained from the Australian death registry. The main outcome measure was patient mortality at 1500 days. Data on patient demographics, surgery undertaken and whether the surgery was scheduled or unscheduled was obtained from the hospital electronic database. Multivariable analysis was conducted to determine independent predictors of 1500-day mortality. RESULTS: There were 1,369 major operations in 1,116 patients during the control period and 1,313 operations in 1,067 patients during the MET (intervention) period. Overall survival at 1500 days was 65.8% in the control period and 71.6% during the MET period (P = 0.001). Patients in the control phase were statistically less likely to be admitted under orthopaedic surgery, urology and faciomaxillary surgery units, but more likely to be admitted under cardiac surgery or neurosurgery units. Patients in the MET period were less likely to undergo unscheduled surgery. Multivariable analysis revealed that age, unscheduled surgery and admission under thoracic surgery, neurosurgery, oncology and general medicine were independent predictors of increased 1500-day mortality. Admission during the MET period was also an independent predictor of decreased 1500-day mortality (odds ratio 0.74; P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Introduction of a MET service in a teaching hospital was associated with increased long-term survival even after adjusting for other factors that contribute to long-term surgical mortality