Visions of Race and Gender: Press Coverage of the French Colonial Expositions of 1922 and 1931

During the interwar period, France attempted to reinvigorate interest in the empire amongst the public via elaborate colonial expositions. The colonial expositions of Marseille (1922) and Paris (1931) served as a means to celebrate the empire and to educate the French about the benefits of living within Greater France, an entity that included the metropole and the colonies. This thesis examines how press coverage of both expositions worked alongside these events to counteract anxieties regarding France\u27s economic recovery after the war, continuing world presence, demographic losses, and most importantly the relationship between France and its colonies. It explores how the press attempted to mitigate these fears by creating, reinforcing, and reproducing an economically positive, dynamic, vibrant and ultimately sanitized vision of the colonies. This thesis argues that the press actively supported the goals of the expositions and championed the success of the civilizing mission, and demonstrates the media\u27s role in perpetuating visions of French universalism. Their vision reveals contradictions found within French universalism that helps form a basis for analysis. This study scrutinizes the dominant discourses regarding the colonies during the interwar period and how the press used contemporary concepts of race and gender in their coverage of the expositions. This thesis argues that the press used the figure of the colonial soldier/worker and the erotic and patriarchal relationship between France and its colonies to reinforce colonial hierarchies regarding race and gender. The press attempted to shape the public\u27s view of the empire through reconstructions of the imperial project and its people that idealized France\u27s mission. Only the communist press sought to highlight the ferocity of French colonization

Multiphysics phase field modeling of electromigration

With the miniaturization of microelectronic devices, the reliability of solder interconnects is a significant concern. As size is reduced, the current density flowing through an interconnect becomes larger and exacerbates electromigration leading to microstructural changes and failure. Since most solder alloys are required to be lead-free over toxicity concerns, there are additional challenges to interconnect performance. Nearly all solder alloys are comprised with its majority component being tin due to its low melting temperature and economical cost. The typical metallic white tin phase has a body-centered tetragonal crystal structure which exhibits strong anisotropy in its physical properties. In particular, the electrical/thermal conductivity and elastic modulus are highly anisotropic. For this reason, the performance of solder bumps that contain only a few grains are sensitive to the orientation of each individual grain. Quantitative description of electromigration at such scales is required to understand the microstructure behavior impacting performance and degradation of interconnects. Electromigration induced microstructure evolution in solder interconnects involves complicated multiphysical processes. It involves the diffusion of atoms driven by charge conduction which is also strongly affected by concurrent heat conduction and mechanical processes. A multiphysics phase field model is developed to investigate the diffusional processes in tin solder interconnects. The driving forces for electromigration are obtained solving for current density and electric field in microstructures with inhomogeneous and anisotropic electrical conductivity using microscopic Ohm\u27s law. Similarly, the driving forces caused by temperature gradients are obtained solving for heat flux using Fourier\u27s law of conduction that accounts for inhomogeneous and anisotropic thermal conductivity. The model is capable of accounting for the generation of heat through Joule heating. Simulations of conduction driven pore and inclusion migration are discussed in terms of volume and surface diffusion mechanisms. Finally, the contribution of stress and its gradient are obtained through microelasticity modeling. From Hooke\u27s law of elasticity, the modeling allows different external loading conditions to be considered and is capable of solving for internal stress concentrations in microstructures with structural and elastic property mismatches near defects including grain boundaries, voids, and precipitates. These internal stresses generated contribute to the diffusional processes through its gradient

Investigating Paraben 3,5-Substitution Effects on Estrogen Receptor Binding

Paraben, a compound formerly found in cosmetics, has been found to bind the Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ERα), a receptor found primarily in reproductive tissues. In paraben binding the ERα, the risk of breast cancer increases. In order to better understand how 3,5-substituted paraben derivatives bind the ER, Molecular Operating Environment was used to calculate the interaction energy associated with binding these substrates to the ER. It was found that substituted paraben molecules exhibit a weaker binding to the ER, whereas paraben molecules with varying alkyl chains bind stronger to the ER. Further, in comparing molecular and bimolecular docking data, it was determined that bimolecular binding may occur in the ERα. In addition, there are several interactions that occur when binding the ER, including electronics, sterics, and more. More work is needed to clarify the contribution from these factors and to identify the strongest link between the computational and experimental data

Using Online Communities to Prepare Teachers to Operate as Transformative Intellectuals

Online communities have the potential to help teacher education programs inform and prepare future teachers to teach children equitably and confront social injustices. Online communities of scholars, activists, and artists can be used as a resource for teacher educators to prepare teacher-candidates and in-service teachers to participate in teacher inquiry and practitioner research. In turn, the research that they generate can be used by preservice and in-service teachers in the future. Online communities can also be used by classroom teachers as a form of professional development. My study included six participants – undergraduate college students, classroom teachers, and teacher-educators – from two social-justice and human-rights oriented online communities of teachers, #SaturdaySchool and #EduColor. Using observational fieldnotes, reflective journal entries, demographic survey data, interview transcripts, and archival data of past usage of the hashtags #SaturdaySchool and #EduColor during weekly Twitter teach-ins and monthly Twitter chats, respectively speaking. Findings for this study’s first research question describe the values/beliefs and behaviors shared within each community and across both communities. Using archival data from Twitter and other social media platforms as well as demography survey data, this study’s second research question examined the roles of non-human entities within online places by examining usage of individual hashtags, a weekly Twitter teach-in, and the online communities #SaturdaySchool and #EduColor. The findings of this study could be useful for many grade-school classroom teachers, teacher educators and teacher education programs, teacher professional development programs, curriculum developers, and designers of educational innovation. This study sought to improve the understanding of online communities of practice, in general, by examining the roles of the digital information and communication technologies that mediate them

Examining Partisan Advantage In Congressional Maps Using Simulations Based On Election Data

Partisan gerrymandering has been and will continue to be a topic of interest in the coming years. States will soon begin their redistricting process following the 2020 Census. We introduce a method of simulating Congressional elections which provides a new way of examining and visualizing the votes-to-seats relationship for a state Congressional map using past election data. We are able to build upon Mira Bernstein\u27s method of uniformly simulating elections by injecting a data-driven component of variation into the simulations. Additionally, we are able to directly evaluate the accuracy of our simulations using a type of cross-validation. We compare our results from a handful of notable states to other measures of partisan gerrymandering, such as the efficiency gap, and do so in light of recent court cases and other important contexts

Failure of an Educational Intervention to Improve Consultation and Implications for Healthcare Consultation.

INTRODUCTION: Consultation of another physician for his or her specialized expertise regarding a patient's care is a common occurrence in most physicians' daily practice, especially in the emergency department (ED). Therefore, the ability to communicate effectively with another physician during a patient consultation is an essential skill. However, there has been limited research on a standardized method for a physician to physician consultation with little guidance on teaching consultations to physicians in training. The objective of our study was to measure the effect of a structured consultation intervention on both content standardization and quality of medical student consultations. METHODS: Senior medical students were assessed on a required emergency medicine rotation with a physician phone consultation during a standardized, simulated chest pain case. The intervention groups received a standard consult checklist as part of their orientation to the rotation, followed by a video recording of a good consult call and a bad consult call with commentary from an emergency physician. The intervention was given to students every other month, alternating with a control group who received no additional education. Recordings were reviewed by three second-year internal medicine residents pursuing a fellowship in cardiology. Each recording was evaluated by two of the three reviewers and scored using a standardized checklist. RESULTS: Providing a standardized consultation intervention did not improve students' ability to communicate with consultants. In addition, there was variability between evaluators in regards to how they received the same information and how they perceived the quality of the same recorded consultation calls. Evaluator inter-rater reliability (IRR) was poor on the questions of 1) would you have any other questions of the student calling the consult and 2) did the student calling the consult provide an accurate account of information and case detail. The IRR was also poor on objective data such as whether the student stated their name. CONCLUSIONS: A brief intervention may not be enough to change complex behavior such as a physician to physician consultant communication. Importantly, despite consultants listening to the same audio recordings, the information was processed differently. Future investigations should focus on both those delivering as well as those receiving a consultation

Application of Social Media Platforms for the Development of College Basketball Attendance

poster abstractThe purpose of the current study was to examine why college students do not attend college basketball games. After surveying 116 college students at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), one of the biggest reasons for poor basketball game attendance was due to an overall lack of awareness of the game information. Students did not realize that basketball games were taking place throughout the week. Current studies showed that a college’s athletic website and social media platforms were the first places students looked at in order to find out game information. The survey found that a majority of students used three of the four major social media platforms, Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, on a daily basis. With the shortened attention span of Generation Y and Z, social media platforms are the most effective way to capture the attention of those with short attention spans (Gausby, 2015). Comparisons of similar Division I-AAA universities and their athletic websites were used to find what makes a strong athletic website, as spectators visit a universities’ athletic website first for information on upcoming games and events. In addition, the results of the study indicates that winning alone does not necessarily provide a lasting positive impact on attendance. Full utilization of social media with a mix of a strong official athletics website best captures the attention of Generation Y and Z students. Having a strong online presence keeps the awareness of basketball games throughout the season at the forefront of student’s minds. A core of Generation Y and Z fans can be built through a strong online presence, as this is what they use for identification purposes. With this utilization, college basketball games can see an increase in attendance as fan loyalty is built with technology-driven students

The Racial and Ethnic Diversity of the Family Physician Workforce in Non-Metropolitan and Metropolitan Counties

Overview of Key Findings The family physician workforce is becoming more racially diverse; however, non-metropolitan family physicians are not. Using data from over 24,000 family physicians who either registered to continue their American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM) certification or completed the graduate survey from 2017 to 2019, we found that early career family physicians are more diverse than later career physicians (66.9% vs. 72.8% White; 58.3% vs. 44.0% female) but, in both groups, the percentage of White non-metropolitan family physicians was even higher (82.7% to 90.5%). Minority non-metropolitan family physicians, particularly Black and Native American/Alaska Native physicians, are more likely to practice in persistent poverty counties. The lack of resources in these counties may make delivering health care harder

A different face: immigration, Western converts, and the sustainability of traditional Theravada Buddhism in two North Carolina temples 1965-2000s

Since 1965, the factor which has played the largest role in transforming Theravada Buddhism in North Carolina has been the changing demographics, or internal communities, of individual temples. The first temples were largely comprised of Southeast Asian immigrants, while now many are primarily made up of Western converts. This has forced most monks in the state to adopt more Americanized teachings and practices in order to maintain the support system they need to continue practicing in North Carolina