5,510 research outputs found
A semi-empirical stability criterion for real planetary systems
We test a crossing orbit stability criterion for eccentric planetary systems,
based on Wisdom's criterion of first order mean motion resonance overlap
(Wisdom, 1980).
We show that this criterion fits the stability regions in real exoplanet
systems quite well. In addition, we show that elliptical orbits can remain
stable even for regions where the apocenter distance of the inner orbit is
larger than the pericenter distance of the outer orbit, as long as the initial
orbits are aligned.
The analytical expressions provided here can be used to put rapid constraints
on the stability zones of multi-planetary systems. As a byproduct of this
research, we further show that the amplitude variations of the eccentricity can
be used as a fast-computing stability indicator.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures. MNRAS accepte
Stellar wobble caused by a nearby binary system: eccentric and inclined orbits
Most extrasolar planets currently known were discovered by means of an
indirect method that measures the stellar wobble caused by the planet. We
previously studied a triple system composed of a star and a nearby binary on
circular coplanar orbits. We showed that although the effect of the binary on
the star can be differentiated from the stellar wobble caused by a planet,
because of observational limitations the two effects may often remain
indistinguishable. Here, we develop a model that applies to eccentric and
inclined orbits. We show that the binary's effect is more likely to be mistaken
by planet(s) in the case of coplanar motion observed equator-on. Moreover, when
the orbits are eccentric, the magnitude of the binary's effect may be larger
than in the circular case. Additionally, an eccentric binary can mimic two
planets with orbital periods in the ratio 2/1. However, when the star's orbit
around the binary's center of mass has a high eccentricity and a reasonably
well-constrained period, it should be easier to distinguish the binary's effect
from a planet.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, 2 table
Fermi-Bose mixture in mixed dimensions
One of the challenging goals in the studies of many-body physics with
ultracold atoms is the creation of a topological superfluid
for identical fermions in two dimensions (2D). The expectations of reaching the
critical temperature through p-wave Feshbach resonance in spin-polarized
fermionic gases have soon faded away because on approaching the resonance, the
system becomes unstable due to inelastic-collision processes. Here, we consider
an alternative scenario in which a single-component degenerate gas of fermions
in 2D is paired via phonon-mediated interactions provided by a 3D BEC
background. Within the weak-coupling regime, we calculate the critical
temperature for the fermionic pair formation, using Bethe-Salpeter
formalism, and show that it is significantly boosted by higher-order
diagramatic terms, such as phonon dressing and vertex corrections. We describe
in detail an experimental scheme to implement our proposal, and show that the
long-sought p-wave superfluid is at reach with state-of-the-art experiments.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables and supplementary materia
Tidal damping of the mutual inclination in hierachical systems
Hierarchical two-planet systems, in which the inner body's semi-major axis is
between 0.1 and 0.5 AU, usually present high eccentricity values, at least for
one of the orbits. As a result of the formation process, one may expect that
planetary systems with high eccentricities also have high mutual inclinations.
However, here we show that tidal effects combined with gravitational
interactions damp the initial mutual inclination to modest values in timescales
that are shorter than the age of the system. This effect is not a direct
consequence of tides on the orbits, but it results from a secular forcing of
the inner planet's flattening. We then conclude that these hierarchical
planetary systems are unlikely to present very high mutual inclinations, at
least as long as the orbits remain outside the Lidov-Kozai libration areas. The
present study can also be extended to systems of binary stars and to
planet-satellite systems.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figure
Momentum Space Regularizations and the Indeterminacy in the Schwinger Model
We revisited the problem of the presence of finite indeterminacies that
appear in the calculations of a Quantum Field Theory. We investigate the
occurrence of undetermined mathematical quantities in the evaluation of the
Schwinger model in several regularization scenarios. We show that the
undetermined character of the divergent part of the vacuum polarization tensor
of the model, introduced as an {\it ansatz} in previous works, can be obtained
mathematically if one introduces a set of two parameters in the evaluation of
these quantities. The formal mathematical properties of this tensor and their
violations are discussed. The analysis is carried out in both analytical and
sharp cutoff regularization procedures. We also show how the Pauli Villars
regularization scheme eliminates the indeterminacy, giving a gauge invariant
result in the vector Schwinger model.Comment: 10 pages, no figure
Interaction-induced chiral p_x \pm i p_y superfluid order of bosons in an optical lattice
The study of superconductivity with unconventional order is complicated in
condensed matter systems by their extensive complexity. Optical lattices with
their exceptional precision and control allow one to emulate superfluidity
avoiding many of the complications of condensed matter. A promising approach to
realize unconventional superfluid order is to employ orbital degrees of freedom
in higher Bloch bands. In recent work, indications were found that bosons
condensed in the second band of an optical chequerboard lattice might exhibit
p_x \pm i p_y order. Here we present experiments, which provide strong evidence
for the emergence of p_x \pm i p_y order driven by the interaction in the local
p-orbitals. We compare our observations with a multi-band Hubbard model and
find excellent quantitative agreement
Staircase to Higher-Order Topological Phase Transitions
We find a series of topological phase transitions of increasing order, beyond
the more standard second-order phase transition in a one-dimensional
topological superconductor. The jumps in the order of the transitions depend on
the range of the pairing interaction, which is parametrized by an algebraic
decay with exponent . Remarkably, in the limit the order
of the topological transition becomes infinite. We compute the critical
exponents for the series of higher-order transitions in exact form and find
that they fulfill the hyperscaling relation. We also study the critical
behaviour at the boundary of the system and discuss potential experimental
platforms of magnetic atoms in superconductors.Comment: 5+5pages, 7 figures. Accepted as a Rapid Communicatio
Current-driven and field-driven domain walls at nonzero temperature
We present a model for the dynamics of current- and field-driven domain-wall
lines at nonzero temperature. We compute thermally-averaged drift velocities
from the Fokker-Planck equation that describes the nonzero-temperature dynamics
of the domain wall. As special limits of this general description, we describe
rigid domain walls as well as vortex domain walls. In these limits, we
determine also depinning times of the domain wall from an extrinsic pinning
potential. We compare our theory with previous theoretical and experimental
work
Local density of states of electron-crystal phases in graphene in the quantum Hall regime
We calculate, within a self-consistent Hartree-Fock approximation, the local
density of states for different electron crystals in graphene subject to a
strong magnetic field. We investigate both the Wigner crystal and bubble
crystals with M_e electrons per lattice site. The total density of states
consists of several pronounced peaks, the number of which in the negative
energy range coincides with the number of electrons M_e per lattice site, as
for the case of electron-solid phases in the conventional two-dimensional
electron gas. Analyzing the local density of states at the peak energies, we
find particular scaling properties of the density patterns if one fixes the
ratio nu_N/M_e between the filling factor nu_N of the last partially filled
Landau level and the number of electrons per bubble. Although the total density
profile depends explicitly on M_e, the local density of states of the lowest
peaks turns out to be identical regardless the number of electrons M_e. Whereas
these electron-solid phases are reminiscent to those expected in the
conventional two-dimensional electron gas in GaAs heterostructures in the
quantum Hall regime, the local density of states and the scaling relations we
highlight in this paper may be, in graphene, directly measured by spectroscopic
means, such as e.g. scanning tunneling microscopy.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures; minor correction
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